Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) is a powerful cryptographic technique that enables computation directly on encrypted data.

In contrast to zero-knowledge (ZK) proofs that prove knowledge, FHE executes logic without exposing underlying values — not even during runtime.

💡 Example: You can calculate the sum of two encrypted numbers without decrypting either one.

Zama has developed the Fully Homomorphic Ethereum Virtual Machine (fhEVM) — a drop-in replacement for the EVM that enables native encrypted computation.

It supports encrypted types such as:

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euint8, euint16, euint32, euint64, euint128, euint256

You write smart contracts in Solidity, using encrypted variables, and the logic runs on-chain in encrypted space.

FeaturefhEVMTraditional EVMData visibilityFully encryptedPublic by defaultComputationOn encrypted valuesOn plaintext onlyTrusted setup❌ Not required❌ N/AToolingSolidity-compatibleSolidity-compatiblePrivacy use casesBuilt-inNeeds external tricks or ZK

Here’s how you can write a fully encrypted addition function using Zama’s fhEVM:

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// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT pragma solidity ^0.8.20; import "@zama/fhevm-solidity/contracts/FHE.sol"; contract EncryptedAdder { euint8 public result; function addEncrypted(euint8 a, euint8 b) public { result = a + b; } function getResult() public view returns (euint8) { return result; } }

• euint8 is an encrypted 8-bit unsigned integer.

• The addition operation happens entirely in encrypted form.

• The contract never sees or stores decrypted values — not even temporarily.

A browser-based interface for testing encrypted Solidity contracts without any local setup.

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docker pull zama/fhevm docker run -p 8545:8545 zama/fhevm

Then connect with Foundry, Hardhat, or Remix as usual. It’s just an EVM — but private.

Zama’s encrypted types support common arithmetic and comparison operators:

• +, -, *, /

• ==, <, >, <=, >=

• Bitwise ops: &, |, ^

All of these operate on encrypted inputs and return encrypted outputs.

The API feels natural, but everything happens homomorphically under the hood.

• 🗳️ Private DAO voting — votes are encrypted, even to the contract

• 💰 Encrypted DeFi balances — hide position sizes and LP allocations

• 🧬 On-chain health data — compute diagnostic logic over protected data

• 🤖 Encrypted AI inference — feed encrypted inputs to AI models without leakage

• 🧩 zk + FHE hybrids — use ZK for proof, FHE for logic

FeatureZKFHE (Zama)ModelProof-basedCompute-basedVisibilitySome data may be exposedFully encryptedSetupOften requires trusted setup❌ No trusted setup neededDeveloper UXCustom circuits, toolingSolidity + native typesSpeedProving can be slowFHE improving, no proving required

ZK is great for verifying facts.FHE is better for executing logic — especially when privacy must be preserved throughout.

• 🔗 Zama Docs: https://docs.zama.ai

• 🧑‍💻 GitHub (fhEVM): https://github.com/zama-ai/fhevm

• 🎮 Playground: https://playground.zama.ai

• 🧱 Solidity Examples: Zama Examples

Zama’s fhEVM makes encrypted smart contracts not only possible — but practical.

If you’re building in Web3 and care about privacy, this is your new default.No ZK circuit hacks. No trusted setup headaches. Just encrypted computation — natively.

Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) is a powerful cryptographic technique that enables computation directly on encrypted data.

In contrast to zero-knowledge (ZK) proofs that prove knowledge, FHE executes logic without exposing underlying values — not even during runtime.

💡 Example: You can calculate the sum of two encrypted numbers without decrypting either one.

Zama has developed the Fully Homomorphic Ethereum Virtual Machine (fhEVM) — a drop-in replacement for the EVM that enables native encrypted computation.

It supports encrypted types such as:

复制编辑

euint8, euint16, euint32, euint64, euint128, euint256

You write smart contracts in Solidity, using encrypted variables, and the logic runs on-chain in encrypted space.

FeaturefhEVMTraditional EVMData visibilityFully encryptedPublic by defaultComputationOn encrypted valuesOn plaintext onlyTrusted setup❌ Not required❌ N/AToolingSolidity-compatibleSolidity-compatiblePrivacy use casesBuilt-inNeeds external tricks or ZK

Here’s how you can write a fully encrypted addition function using Zama’s fhEVM:

复制编辑

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT pragma solidity ^0.8.20; import "@zama/fhevm-solidity/contracts/FHE.sol"; contract EncryptedAdder { euint8 public result; function addEncrypted(euint8 a, euint8 b) public { result = a + b; } function getResult() public view returns (euint8) { return result; } }

• euint8 is an encrypted 8-bit unsigned integer.

• The addition operation happens entirely in encrypted form.

• The contract never sees or stores decrypted values — not even temporarily.

A browser-based interface for testing encrypted Solidity contracts without any local setup.

复制编辑

docker pull zama/fhevm docker run -p 8545:8545 zama/fhevm

Then connect with Foundry, Hardhat, or Remix as usual. It’s just an EVM — but private.

Zama’s encrypted types support common arithmetic and comparison operators:

• +, -, *, /

• ==, <, >, <=, >=

• Bitwise ops: &, |, ^

All of these operate on encrypted inputs and return encrypted outputs.

The API feels natural, but everything happens homomorphically under the hood.

• 🗳️ Private DAO voting — votes are encrypted, even to the contract

• 💰 Encrypted DeFi balances — hide position sizes and LP allocations

• 🧬 On-chain health data — compute diagnostic logic over protected data

• 🤖 Encrypted AI inference — feed encrypted inputs to AI models without leakage

• 🧩 zk + FHE hybrids — use ZK for proof, FHE for logic

FeatureZKFHE (Zama)ModelProof-basedCompute-basedVisibilitySome data may be exposedFully encryptedSetupOften requires trusted setup❌ No trusted setup neededDeveloper UXCustom circuits, toolingSolidity + native typesSpeedProving can be slowFHE improving, no proving required

ZK is great for verifying facts.FHE is better for executing logic — especially when privacy must be preserved throughout.

• 🔗 Zama Docs: https://docs.zama.ai

• 🧑‍💻 GitHub (fhEVM): https://github.com/zama-ai/fhevm

• 🎮 Playground: https://playground.zama.ai

• 🧱 Solidity Examples: Zama Examples

Zama’s fhEVM makes encrypted smart contracts not only possible — but practical.

If you’re building in Web3 and care about privacy, this is your new default.No ZK circuit hacks. No trusted setup headaches. Just encrypted computation — natively.