# 利用 GitHub Actions 进行 iOS 项目的 CI/CD By [Untitled](https://paragraph.com/@0x74cdebd6028e5d8407c2ad6f13bedd9892e3fb2a) · 2021-12-09 --- 搞 iOS 以来，一直在想找一个云主机进行 iOS 项目的 CI 探索，方向想偏了，没找到几家提供 macOS 系统的云主机，遂作罢。 最近在读 《[iOS App Distribution & Best Practices](https://www.raywenderlich.com/books/ios-app-distribution-best-practices/)》，里面提到现在有大致三类 CI 服务商： 1. Full-service CI，即全方位服务的 CI 提供商，可以理解为通过交互页面就可以进行部署。虽然简单，但可能不太容易拓展。典型如： 1. Bitrise: [https://www.bitrise.io/](https://www.bitrise.io/) 2. Microsoft’s App Center: [https://appcenter.ms/](https://appcenter.ms/) 2. Managed CI，即在云上替你托管硬件相关的工作，你只需要提供构建脚本，在 iOS 项目中，常见的就是构建方式就是 `fastlane` 和 `xcodebuild`。比较流行的如： 1. CircleCI: [https://circleci.com/](https://circleci.com/) 2. GitHub Actions: [https://Github.com/features/actions](https://github.com/features/actions) 3. Manual CI，即手动管理，感觉跟自己在云主机上处理一个概念。便宜，但得自己管理服务器。最著名的就是 Travis CI: [https://travis-ci.org/](https://travis-ci.org/) 了。 怀着激动的心，每个官方都去逛了一遍，确实都提供了 macOS 的构建环境，nice，der~。而且都有都有免费的配额（收费方式都是卖点卡）。 最后还是选择 GitHub Actions 作为远程 CI 的第一个实验品。截图如下 ![job](https://storage.googleapis.com/papyrus_images/55f30429da39d1b5fc403c32ca14955f3aa8d3f3a0712232704dfd8a238dbb49.png) job GitHub Actions 使用 ================= 中文的概念介绍和使用方式可以去看阮一峰的 [GitHub Actions 入门教程](https://www.ruanyifeng.com/blog/2019/09/getting-started-with-github-actions.html) 。 或者直接去看官方文档 [GitHub Actions](https://docs.github.com/en/actions) 。 简单来说，就是在仓库目录 `.github/workflows/` 放置脚本，当有 push 或 PR 的时候，就会触发脚本运行。 **免费额度查看方式**，「右上角LOGO」-「Settings」-「Billings & plans」 触发条件 ==== name: iOS starter workflow # 触发条件，在 main 分支上有 push 和 PR 行为时触发脚本 on: push: branches: [ main ] pull_request: branches: [ main ] Step 整理 ======= 构建环境 ---- jobs: build: name: Build and Test default scheme using any available iPhone simulator # 环境 runs-on: macos-latest steps: # Checkout 当前分支进行处理 - name: Checkout uses: actions/checkout@v2 - name: stepxxx # operation Pod install ----------- iOS 项目免不了用 cocoaPods 安装依赖。 - name: Install Dependencies run: | pod install --repo-update ### 踩坑记录 在 `Podfile` 头部标记 `source 'https://github.com/CocoaPods/Specs.git'` 不是很明智。 cocoaPods 官方在 [CocoaPods 1.7.2 — Master Repo CDN is Finalized!](https://blog.cocoapods.org/CocoaPods-1.7.2/) 表示，随着 pod 数目的增多，利用 github 作为数据库备份越来越慢了，已经更换成 CDN 的形式了。 # source 'https://github.com/CocoaPods/Specs.git' # 替换成 CDN，或者干脆删除。因为默认 CDN 源了。 source 'https://cdn.cocoapods.org/' 默认 Scheme --------- - name: Set Default Scheme run: | scheme_list=$(xcodebuild -list -json | tr -d "\n") default=$(echo $scheme_list | ruby -e "require 'json'; puts JSON.parse(STDIN.gets)['project']['targets'][0]") echo $default | cat >default echo Using default scheme: $default Build ----- 用模拟器进行编译。优先跑 .xcworkspace，无则跑 .xcodeproj。 我测试的时候，在 GitHub Actions 上 `xcrun` 得到的模拟器名称不正确，所以直接固定了使用 iPhone 11 作为模拟器。 - name: Build env: scheme: ${{ 'default' }} platform: ${{ 'iOS Simulator' }} run: | # xcrun xctrace returns via stderr, not the expected stdout (see https://developer.apple.com/forums/thread/663959) # device=`xcrun xctrace list devices 2>&1 | grep -oE 'iPhone.*?[^\(]+' | head -1 | awk '{$1=$1;print}'` device='iPhone 11' if [ $scheme = default ]; then scheme=$(cat default); fi if [ "`ls -A | grep -i \\.xcworkspace\$`" ]; then filetype_parameter="workspace" && file_to_build="`ls -A | grep -i \\.xcworkspace\$`"; else filetype_parameter="project" && file_to_build="`ls -A | grep -i \\.xcodeproj\$`"; fi file_to_build=`echo $file_to_build | awk '{$1=$1;print}'` xcodebuild build-for-testing -scheme "$scheme" -"$filetype_parameter" "$file_to_build" -destination "platform=$platform,name=$device" Test ---- - name: Test env: scheme: ${{ 'default' }} platform: ${{ 'iOS Simulator' }} run: | # xcrun xctrace returns via stderr, not the expected stdout (see https://developer.apple.com/forums/thread/663959) # device=`xcrun xctrace list devices 2>&1 | grep -oE 'iPhone.*?[^\(]+' | head -1 | awk '{$1=$1;print}'` device='iPhone 11' if [ $scheme = default ]; then scheme=$(cat default); fi if [ "`ls -A | grep -i \\.xcworkspace\$`" ]; then filetype_parameter="workspace" && file_to_build="`ls -A | grep -i \\.xcworkspace\$`"; else filetype_parameter="project" && file_to_build="`ls -A | grep -i \\.xcodeproj\$`"; fi file_to_build=`echo $file_to_build | awk '{$1=$1;print}'` xcodebuild test-without-building -scheme "$scheme" -"$filetype_parameter" "$file_to_build" -destination "platform=$platform,name=$device" 通知以及跨Job传递状态 ============ 1. 使用 ravsamhq/notify-slack-action@v1 将 Job 状态通知到 Slack。 2. 因为该 action 运行在 Linux 系统，所以需要另起一个 Job。 3. 如何将上一个 Job 的状态通知到下一个 Job？一种思路是将 Job\_A的状态通过文本保存到本地，再在Job\_B中读取该状态。 可参考：[How get the status of previous jobs](https://github.community/t/how-get-the-status-of-previous-jobs/17555) 保存状态 ---- - name: Create file status_build_test.txt and write the job status into it if: always() run: | echo ${{ job.status }} > status_build_test.txt - name: Upload file status_build_test.txt as an artifact if: always() uses: actions/upload-artifact@v1 with: name: pass_status_build_test path: status_build_test.txt 读取状态 ---- - name: Download artifact pass_status_build_test uses: actions/download-artifact@v1 with: name: pass_status_build_test - name: Set the statuses of Job build output parameters id: set_outputs run: | echo "::set-output name=status_build_test::$(default echo Using default scheme: $default - name: Build env: scheme: ${{ 'default' }} platform: ${{ 'iOS Simulator' }} run: | # xcrun xctrace returns via stderr, not the expected stdout (see https://developer.apple.com/forums/thread/663959) # device=`xcrun xctrace list devices 2>&1 | grep -oE 'iPhone.*?[^\(]+' | head -1 | awk '{$1=$1;print}'` # 直接指定 iPhone 11 device='iPhone 11' if [ $scheme = default ]; then scheme=$(cat default); fi if [ "`ls -A | grep -i \\.xcworkspace\$`" ]; then filetype_parameter="workspace" && file_to_build="`ls -A | grep -i \\.xcworkspace\$`"; else filetype_parameter="project" && file_to_build="`ls -A | grep -i \\.xcodeproj\$`"; fi file_to_build=`echo $file_to_build | awk '{$1=$1;print}'` xcodebuild build-for-testing -scheme "$scheme" -"$filetype_parameter" "$file_to_build" -destination "platform=$platform,name=$device" - name: Test env: scheme: ${{ 'default' }} platform: ${{ 'iOS Simulator' }} run: | # xcrun xctrace returns via stderr, not the expected stdout (see https://developer.apple.com/forums/thread/663959) # device=`xcrun xctrace list devices 2>&1 | grep -oE 'iPhone.*?[^\(]+' | head -1 | awk '{$1=$1;print}'` # 直接指定 iPhone 11 device='iPhone 11' if [ $scheme = default ]; then scheme=$(cat default); fi if [ "`ls -A | grep -i \\.xcworkspace\$`" ]; then filetype_parameter="workspace" && file_to_build="`ls -A | grep -i \\.xcworkspace\$`"; else filetype_parameter="project" && file_to_build="`ls -A | grep -i \\.xcodeproj\$`"; fi file_to_build=`echo $file_to_build | awk '{$1=$1;print}'` xcodebuild test-without-building -scheme "$scheme" -"$filetype_parameter" "$file_to_build" -destination "platform=$platform,name=$device" - name: Create file status_build_test.txt and write the job status into it if: always() run: | echo ${{ job.status }} > status_build_test.txt - name: Upload file status_build_test.txt as an artifact if: always() uses: actions/upload-artifact@v1 with: name: pass_status_build_test path: status_build_test.txt # 因为 notify-slack-action 跑在 Linux 系统所以另起一个 Job notify: needs: [ build ] if: always() name: Notify Slack runs-on: ubuntu-latest steps: - name: Download artifact pass_status_build_test uses: actions/download-artifact@v1 with: name: pass_status_build_test - name: Set the statuses of Job build output parameters id: set_outputs run: | echo "::set-output name=status_build_test::$(