# Base Learn

> Guild：https://guild.xyz/base/base-learn
REMIX ：https://remix.ethereum.org/

**Published by:** [Biewen](https://paragraph.com/@biewenw/)
**Published on:** 2025-09-21
**Categories:** base, baselearn
**URL:** https://paragraph.com/@biewenw/base-learn

## Content

Base Learn Newcomer1、打开 https://remix.ethereum.org/ ，1.点击“prettierrc.json。2.点击左上角”创建文件夹。3.文件夹名字可以设置为Basic Contracts，然后回车保存 Open https://remix.ethereum.org/,Click on “prettierrc.json”.Click the top-left corner to create a folder.Name the folder “Basic Contracts” and press Enter to save.2、复制代码Copy the code.// SPDX-License-Identifier: UNLICENSED pragma solidity ^0.8.23; interface IBasicContractTest { function adder( uint _a, uint _b ) external returns (uint result, bool success); function subtractor( uint _a, uint _b ) external returns (uint result, bool success); } contract SafeMathContract is IBasicContractTest { function adder( uint _a, uint _b ) external pure override returns (uint result, bool success) { if (type(uint).max - _a < _b) { return (0, true); } else { result = _a + _b; return (result, false); } } function subtractor( uint _a, uint _b ) external pure override returns (uint result, bool success) { if (_b > _a) { return (0, true); } else { result = _a - _b; return (result, false); } } } 3、将复制的代码粘贴到创建的文件夹中，然后关闭提示。 然后Ctrl+S 保存，保存后你会在左侧看到“打钩”的绿色标记Paste the copied code into the folder you created, then close the prompt. Press Ctrl+S to save, and after saving, you will see a green checkmark on the left.4、打开左侧的Deploy & run transactions，点击remix VM 链接你的钱包，如果你的钱包在上面没有，你可以根据下方图片的步骤来启用你的钱包，如果已经有metamask，可以直接链接Open Deploy & Run Transactions on the left, click Remix VM to connect your wallet. If your wallet isn’t listed, you can follow the steps in the image below to enable it. If you already have MetaMask, you can connect it directly. 5、在钱包中选择Base sepolia网络，必须是手动选择In your wallet, select the Base Sepolia network. It must be selected manually.6、在Contract中选择图中这个，然后点击“Deploy”，需要在base sepolia网络支付gas fee。In Contract, select the one shown in the image, then click Deploy. You will need to pay a gas fee on the Base Sepolia network.7、交易成功后，你可以在tx里面复制 合约地址。After the transaction is successful, you can copy the contract address from tx. 8、回到guild页面点击NFT的合约，然后到basescan中，验证你的合约。交易成功后回到页面guild页面刷新就行了，完成后我们可以在remix中把之前的创建的文件夹删了。后面的步骤都差不多Go back to the guild page and click on the NFT contract, then verify your contract on BaseScan. After the transaction is successful, return to the guild page and refresh. Once done, you can delete the folder you created in Remix. The following steps are similar. Base Learn Acolyte 1、Own a(n) Storage Pin NFT// SPDX-License-Identifier: UNLICENSED pragma solidity ^0.8.23; contract EmployeeStorage { string public name; uint public idNumber; uint24 private salary; uint16 private shares; constructor() { name = "Pat"; idNumber = 112358132134; salary = 50000; shares = 1000; } function grantShares(uint16 _newShares) external { require(_newShares <= 5000, "Too many shares"); shares += _newShares; } function checkForPacking(uint _slot) external view returns (uint result) { assembly { result := sload(_slot) } } function viewShares() external view returns (uint16) { return shares; } function viewSalary() external view returns (uint24) { return salary; } function debugResetShares() external { shares = 1000; } } 2、Control Structures// SPDX-License-Identifier: UNLICENSED pragma solidity ^0.8.23; contract ControlStructures { error AfterHours(uint256 time); function fizzBuzz(uint256 _number) external pure returns (string memory) { if (_number % 15 == 0) { return "FizzBuzz"; } else if (_number % 3 == 0) { return "Fizz"; } else if (_number % 5 == 0) { return "Buzz"; } else { return "Splat"; } } function doNotDisturb(uint256 _time) external pure returns (string memory) { assert(_time <= 2400); if (_time <= 800 || _time > 2200) { revert AfterHours(_time); } if (_time > 800 && _time <= 1200) { return "Morning!"; } else if (_time > 1200 && _time <= 1800) { return "Afternoon!"; } else { return "Evening!"; } } } 3、Arrays// SPDX-License-Identifier: UNLICENSED pragma solidity ^0.8.23; contract Submission { uint[] private numbers; uint[] private timestamps; address[] private senders; constructor() { resetNumbers(); } function resetNumbers() public { delete numbers; for (uint i = 1; i <= 10; i++) { numbers.push(i); } } function appendToNumbers(uint[] calldata _toAppend) external { for (uint i = 0; i < _toAppend.length; i++) { numbers.push(_toAppend[i]); } } function getNumbers() external view returns (uint[] memory) { return numbers; } function saveTimestamp(uint _unixTimestamp) external { timestamps.push(_unixTimestamp); senders.push(msg.sender); } function resetTimestamps() external { delete timestamps; } function resetSenders() external { delete senders; } function afterY2K() external view returns (uint[] memory, address[] memory) { uint count = 0; for (uint i = 0; i < timestamps.length; i++) { if (timestamps[i] >= 946702900) { count++; } } uint[] memory filteredTimestamps = new uint[](count); address[] memory filteredAddresses = new address[](count); uint counter = 0; for (uint i = 0; i < timestamps.length; i++) { if (timestamps[i] >= 946702900) { filteredTimestamps[counter] = timestamps[i]; filteredAddresses[counter] = senders[i]; counter++; } } return (filteredTimestamps, filteredAddresses); } } Base Learn Consul 1、Mappings// SPDX-License-Identifier: UNLICENSED pragma solidity ^0.8.23; interface ISubmission { function getApprovedRecords() external view returns (string[] memory); function addRecord(string memory _albumName) external; function getUserFavorites( address _address ) external view returns (string[] memory); function resetUserFavorites() external; } contract Submission is ISubmission { mapping(address => string[]) public userFavorites; function getApprovedRecords() external pure override returns (string[] memory) { string ; approved[0] = "Thriller"; approved[1] = "Back in Black"; approved[2] = "The Bodyguard"; approved[3] = "The Dark Side of the Moon"; approved[4] = "Their Greatest Hits (1971-1975)"; approved[5] = "Hotel California"; approved[6] = "Come On Over"; approved[7] = "Rumours"; approved[8] = "Saturday Night Fever"; return approved; } function addRecord(string memory _albumName) external override { userFavorites[msg.sender].push(_albumName); } function getUserFavorites( address _address ) external view override returns (string[] memory) { return userFavorites[_address]; } function resetUserFavorites() external override { delete userFavorites[msg.sender]; } } 2、Inheritance// SPDX-License-Identifier: UNLICENSED pragma solidity ^0.8.23; interface IEmployee { function idNumber() external returns (uint); function managerId() external returns (uint); } interface ISalaried is IEmployee { function annualSalary() external returns (uint); } interface IHourly is IEmployee { function hourlyRate() external returns (uint); } interface ISalesPerson is IHourly {} interface IEngineeringManager is ISalaried {} interface IInheritanceSubmission { function salesPerson() external returns (address); function engineeringManager() external returns (address); } contract SalesPerson is ISalesPerson { function hourlyRate() external pure override returns (uint) { return 20; } function idNumber() external pure override returns (uint) { return 55555; } function managerId() external pure override returns (uint) { return 0; } } contract EngineeringManager is IEngineeringManager { function annualSalary() external pure override returns (uint) { return 200_000; } function managerId() external pure override returns (uint) { return 11111; } function idNumber() external pure override returns (uint) { return 0; } } contract InheritanceSubmission is IInheritanceSubmission { SalesPerson private _salesPerson; EngineeringManager private _engineeringManager; constructor() { _salesPerson = new SalesPerson(); _engineeringManager = new EngineeringManager(); } function salesPerson() external view override returns (address) { return address(_salesPerson); } function engineeringManager() external view override returns (address) { return address(_engineeringManager); } } 3、Structs// SPDX-License-Identifier: UNLICENSED pragma solidity ^0.8.23; interface ISubmission { function getApprovedRecords() external view returns (string[] memory); function addRecord(string memory _albumName) external; function getUserFavorites( address _address ) external view returns (string[] memory); function resetUserFavorites() external; } contract Submission is ISubmission { mapping(address => string[]) public userFavorites; function getApprovedRecords() external pure override returns (string[] memory) { string ; approved[0] = "Thriller"; approved[1] = "Back in Black"; approved[2] = "The Bodyguard"; approved[3] = "The Dark Side of the Moon"; approved[4] = "Their Greatest Hits (1971-1975)"; approved[5] = "Hotel California"; approved[6] = "Come On Over"; approved[7] = "Rumours"; approved[8] = "Saturday Night Fever"; return approved; } function addRecord(string memory _albumName) external override { userFavorites[msg.sender].push(_albumName); } function getUserFavorites( address _address ) external view override returns (string[] memory) { return userFavorites[_address]; } function resetUserFavorites() external override { delete userFavorites[msg.sender]; } } Base Learn Prefect 1、Error Triage// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT pragma solidity ^0.8.17; contract ErrorTriageExercise { /** * @dev Finds the difference between each uint with its neighbor (a to b, b to c, etc.) * and returns a uint array with the absolute integer difference of each pairing. * * @param _a The first unsigned integer. * @param _b The second unsigned integer. * @param _c The third unsigned integer. * @param _d The fourth unsigned integer. * * @return results An array containing the absolute differences between each pair of integers. */ function diffWithNeighbor( uint _a, uint _b, uint _c, uint _d ) public pure returns (uint[] memory) { // Initialize an array to store the differences uint ; // Calculate the absolute difference between each pair of integers and store it in the results array results[0] = _a > _b ? _a - _b : _b - _a; results[1] = _b > _c ? _b - _c : _c - _b; results[2] = _c > _d ? _c - _d : _d - _c; // Return the array of differences return results; } /** * @dev Changes the base by the value of the modifier. Base is always >= 1000. Modifiers can be * between positive and negative 100. * * @param _base The base value to be modified. * @param _modifier The value by which the base should be modified. * * @return returnValue The modified value of the base. */ function applyModifier( uint _base, int _modifier ) public pure returns (uint returnValue) { // Apply the modifier to the base value if(_modifier > 0) { return _base + uint(_modifier); } return _base - uint(-_modifier); } uint[] arr; function popWithReturn() public returns (uint returnNum) { if(arr.length > 0) { uint result = arr[arr.length - 1]; arr.pop(); return result; } } // The utility functions below are working as expected function addToArr(uint _num) public { arr.push(_num); } function getArr() public view returns (uint[] memory) { return arr; } function resetArr() public { delete arr; } } 2、New Keyword：这个需要先部署两个合约，然后在Deploy的时候选择“other contract.sol”New Keyword: You need to deploy two contracts first, then select “other contract.sol” when deploying.AddressBook.sol// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0 pragma solidity ^0.8.8; import "@openzeppelin/contracts/access/Ownable.sol"; contract AddressBook is Ownable { // Define a private salt value for internal use string private salt = "value"; // Define a struct to represent a contact struct Contact { uint id; // Unique identifier for the contact string firstName; // First name of the contact string lastName; // Last name of the contact uint[] phoneNumbers; // Array to store multiple phone numbers for the contact } // Array to store all contacts Contact[] private contacts; // Mapping to store the index of each contact in the contacts array using its ID mapping(uint => uint) private idToIndex; // Variable to keep track of the ID for the next contact uint private nextId = 1; // Custom error for when a contact is not found error ContactNotFound(uint id); // 🔧 FIX: Constructor eklendi - Ownable için gerekli constructor() Ownable(msg.sender) {} // Function to add a new contact function addContact(string calldata firstName, string calldata lastName, uint[] calldata phoneNumbers) external onlyOwner { // Create a new contact with the provided details and add it to the contacts array contacts.push(Contact(nextId, firstName, lastName, phoneNumbers)); // Map the ID of the new contact to its index in the array idToIndex[nextId] = contacts.length - 1; // Increment the nextId for the next contact nextId++; } // Function to delete a contact by its ID function deleteContact(uint id) external onlyOwner { // Get the index of the contact to be deleted uint index = idToIndex[id]; // Check if the index is valid and if the contact with the provided ID exists if (index >= contacts.length || contacts[index].id != id) revert ContactNotFound(id); // Replace the contact to be deleted with the last contact in the array contacts[index] = contacts[contacts.length - 1]; // Update the index mapping for the moved contact idToIndex[contacts[index].id] = index; // Remove the last contact from the array contacts.pop(); // Delete the mapping entry for the deleted contact ID delete idToIndex[id]; } // Function to retrieve a contact by its ID function getContact(uint id) external view returns (Contact memory) { // Get the index of the contact uint index = idToIndex[id]; // Check if the index is valid and if the contact with the provided ID exists if (index >= contacts.length || contacts[index].id != id) revert ContactNotFound(id); // Return the contact details return contacts[index]; } // Function to retrieve all contacts function getAllContacts() external view returns (Contact[] memory) { // Return the array of all contacts return contacts; } } other contract.sol// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT pragma solidity ^0.8.8; // Import the AddressBook contract to interact with it import "./AddressBook.sol"; // Contract for creating new instances of AddressBook contract AddressBookFactory { // Define a private salt value for internal use string private salt = "value"; // Function to deploy a new instance of AddressBook function deploy() external returns (AddressBook) { // Create a new instance of AddressBook AddressBook newAddressBook = new AddressBook(); // Transfer ownership of the new AddressBook contract to the caller of this function newAddressBook.transferOwnership(msg.sender); // Return the newly created AddressBook contract return newAddressBook; } } 3、Imports：这个需要先部署两个合约，然后在Deploy的时候选择“imports.sol”Imports: You need to deploy two contracts first, then select “imports.sol” when deploying.SillyStringUtils.sol// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT pragma solidity ^0.8.17; library SillyStringUtils { struct Haiku { string line1; string line2; string line3; } function shruggie(string memory _input) internal pure returns (string memory) { return string.concat(_input, unicode" 🤷"); } } imports.sol// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT // Importing the SillyStringUtils library import "./SillyStringUtils.sol"; pragma solidity 0.8.17; contract ImportsExercise { // Using the SillyStringUtils library for string manipulation using SillyStringUtils for string; // Declaring a public variable to store a Haiku SillyStringUtils.Haiku public haiku; // Function to save a Haiku function saveHaiku(string memory _line1, string memory _line2, string memory _line3) public { haiku.line1 = _line1; haiku.line2 = _line2; haiku.line3 = _line3; } // Function to retrieve the saved Haiku function getHaiku() public view returns (SillyStringUtils.Haiku memory) { return haiku; } // Function to append a shrugging emoji to the third line of the Haiku function shruggieHaiku() public view returns (SillyStringUtils.Haiku memory) { // Creating a copy of the Haiku SillyStringUtils.Haiku memory newHaiku = haiku; // Appending the shrugging emoji to the third line using the shruggie function from the SillyStringUtils library newHaiku.line3 = newHaiku.line3.shruggie(); return newHaiku; } } Base Learn Supreme 1、SCD ERC721// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT pragma solidity ^0.8.0; // Importing OpenZeppelin ERC721 contract import "https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/openzeppelin-contracts/blob/master/contracts/token/ERC721/ERC721.sol"; // Interface for interacting with a submission contract interface ISubmission { // Struct representing a haiku struct Haiku { address author; // Address of the haiku author string line1; // First line of the haiku string line2; // Second line of the haiku string line3; // Third line of the haiku } // Function to mint a new haiku function mintHaiku( string memory _line1, string memory _line2, string memory _line3 ) external; // Function to get the total number of haikus function counter() external view returns (uint256); // Function to share a haiku with another address function shareHaiku(uint256 _id, address _to) external; // Function to get haikus shared with the caller function getMySharedHaikus() external view returns (Haiku[] memory); } // Contract for managing Haiku NFTs contract HaikuNFT is ERC721, ISubmission { Haiku[] public haikus; // Array to store haikus mapping(address => mapping(uint256 => bool)) public sharedHaikus; // Mapping to track shared haikus uint256 public haikuCounter; // Counter for total haikus minted // Constructor to initialize the ERC721 contract constructor() ERC721("HaikuNFT", "HAIKU") { haikuCounter = 1; // Initialize haiku counter } string salt = "value"; // A private string variable // Function to get the total number of haikus function counter() external view override returns (uint256) { return haikuCounter; } // Function to mint a new haiku function mintHaiku( string memory _line1, string memory _line2, string memory _line3 ) external override { // Check if the haiku is unique string[3] memory haikusStrings = [_line1, _line2, _line3]; for (uint256 li = 0; li < haikusStrings.length; li++) { string memory newLine = haikusStrings[li]; for (uint256 i = 0; i < haikus.length; i++) { Haiku memory existingHaiku = haikus[i]; string[3] memory existingHaikuStrings = [ existingHaiku.line1, existingHaiku.line2, existingHaiku.line3 ]; for (uint256 eHsi = 0; eHsi < 3; eHsi++) { string memory existingHaikuString = existingHaikuStrings[ eHsi ]; if ( keccak256(abi.encodePacked(existingHaikuString)) == keccak256(abi.encodePacked(newLine)) ) { revert HaikuNotUnique(); } } } } // Mint the haiku NFT _safeMint(msg.sender, haikuCounter); haikus.push(Haiku(msg.sender, _line1, _line2, _line3)); haikuCounter++; } // Function to share a haiku with another address function shareHaiku(uint256 _id, address _to) external override { require(_id > 0 && _id <= haikuCounter, "Invalid haiku ID"); Haiku memory haikuToShare = haikus[_id - 1]; require(haikuToShare.author == msg.sender, "NotYourHaiku"); sharedHaikus[_to][_id] = true; } // Function to get haikus shared with the caller function getMySharedHaikus() external view override returns (Haiku[] memory) { uint256 sharedHaikuCount; for (uint256 i = 0; i < haikus.length; i++) { if (sharedHaikus[msg.sender][i + 1]) { sharedHaikuCount++; } } Haiku[] memory result = new Haiku[](sharedHaikuCount); uint256 currentIndex; for (uint256 i = 0; i < haikus.length; i++) { if (sharedHaikus[msg.sender][i + 1]) { result[currentIndex] = haikus[i]; currentIndex++; } } if (sharedHaikuCount == 0) { revert NoHaikusShared(); } return result; } // Custom errors error HaikuNotUnique(); // Error for attempting to mint a non-unique haiku error NotYourHaiku(); // Error for attempting to share a haiku not owned by the caller error NoHaikusShared(); // Error for no haikus shared with the caller } 2、Minimal Token// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT pragma solidity ^0.8.0; // Contract for an unburnable token contract UnburnableToken { string private salt = "value"; // A private string variable // Mapping to track token balances of addresses mapping(address => uint256) public balances; uint256 public totalSupply; // Total supply of tokens uint256 public totalClaimed; // Total number of tokens claimed mapping(address => bool) private claimed; // Mapping to track whether an address has claimed tokens // Custom errors error TokensClaimed(); // Error for attempting to claim tokens again error AllTokensClaimed(); // Error for attempting to claim tokens when all are already claimed error UnsafeTransfer(address _to); // Error for unsafe token transfer // Constructor to set the total supply of tokens constructor() { totalSupply = 100000000; // Set the total supply of tokens } // Public function to claim tokens function claim() public { // Check if all tokens have been claimed if (totalClaimed >= totalSupply) revert AllTokensClaimed(); // Check if the caller has already claimed tokens if (claimed[msg.sender]) revert TokensClaimed(); // Update balances and claimed status balances[msg.sender] += 1000; totalClaimed += 1000; claimed[msg.sender] = true; } // Public function for safe token transfer function safeTransfer(address _to, uint256 _amount) public { // Check for unsafe transfer conditions, including if the target address has a non-zero ether balance if (_to == address(0) || _to.balance == 0) revert UnsafeTransfer(_to); // Ensure the sender has enough balance to transfer require(balances[msg.sender] >= _amount, "Insufficient balance"); // Perform the transfer balances[msg.sender] -= _amount; balances[_to] += _amount; } } 3、ERC20// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT pragma solidity ^0.8.17; // Importing OpenZeppelin contracts for ERC20 and EnumerableSet functionalities import "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC20/ERC20.sol"; import "@openzeppelin/contracts/utils/structs/EnumerableSet.sol"; // Contract for weighted voting using ERC20 token contract WeightedVoting is ERC20 { string private salt = "value"; // A private string variable using EnumerableSet for EnumerableSet.AddressSet; // Importing EnumerableSet for address set functionality // Custom errors error TokensClaimed(); // Error for attempting to claim tokens again error AllTokensClaimed(); // Error for attempting to claim tokens when all are already claimed error NoTokensHeld(); // Error for attempting to perform an action without holding tokens error QuorumTooHigh(); // Error for setting a quorum higher than total supply error AlreadyVoted(); // Error for attempting to vote more than once error VotingClosed(); // Error for attempting to vote on a closed issue // Struct to represent an issue struct Issue { EnumerableSet.AddressSet voters; // Set of voters string issueDesc; // Description of the issue uint256 quorum; // Quorum required to close the issue uint256 totalVotes; // Total number of votes casted uint256 votesFor; // Total number of votes in favor uint256 votesAgainst; // Total number of votes against uint256 votesAbstain; // Total number of abstained votes bool passed; // Flag indicating if the issue passed bool closed; // Flag indicating if the issue is closed } // Struct to represent a serialized issue struct SerializedIssue { address[] voters; // Array of voters string issueDesc; // Description of the issue uint256 quorum; // Quorum required to close the issue uint256 totalVotes; // Total number of votes casted uint256 votesFor; // Total number of votes in favor uint256 votesAgainst; // Total number of votes against uint256 votesAbstain; // Total number of abstained votes bool passed; // Flag indicating if the issue passed bool closed; // Flag indicating if the issue is closed } // Enum to represent different vote options enum Vote { AGAINST, FOR, ABSTAIN } // Array to store all issues Issue[] internal issues; // Mapping to track if tokens are claimed by an address mapping(address => bool) public tokensClaimed; uint256 public maxSupply = 1000000; // Maximum supply of tokens uint256 public claimAmount = 100; // Amount of tokens to be claimed string saltt = "any"; // Another string variable // Constructor to initialize ERC20 token with a name and symbol constructor(string memory _name, string memory _symbol) ERC20(_name, _symbol) { issues.push(); // Pushing an empty issue to start from index 1 } // Function to claim tokens function claim() public { // Check if all tokens have been claimed if (totalSupply() + claimAmount > maxSupply) { revert AllTokensClaimed(); } // Check if the caller has already claimed tokens if (tokensClaimed[msg.sender]) { revert TokensClaimed(); } // Mint tokens to the caller _mint(msg.sender, claimAmount); tokensClaimed[msg.sender] = true; // Mark tokens as claimed } // Function to create a new voting issue function createIssue(string calldata _issueDesc, uint256 _quorum) external returns (uint256) { // Check if the caller holds any tokens if (balanceOf(msg.sender) == 0) { revert NoTokensHeld(); } // Check if the specified quorum is higher than total supply if (_quorum > totalSupply()) { revert QuorumTooHigh(); } // Create a new issue and return its index Issue storage _issue = issues.push(); _issue.issueDesc = _issueDesc; _issue.quorum = _quorum; return issues.length - 1; } // Function to get details of a voting issue function getIssue(uint256 _issueId) external view returns (SerializedIssue memory) { Issue storage _issue = issues[_issueId]; return SerializedIssue({ voters: _issue.voters.values(), issueDesc: _issue.issueDesc, quorum: _issue.quorum, totalVotes: _issue.totalVotes, votesFor: _issue.votesFor, votesAgainst: _issue.votesAgainst, votesAbstain: _issue.votesAbstain, passed: _issue.passed, closed: _issue.closed }); } // Function to cast a vote on a voting issue function vote(uint256 _issueId, Vote _vote) public { Issue storage _issue = issues[_issueId]; // Check if the issue is closed if (_issue.closed) { revert VotingClosed(); } // Check if the caller has already voted if (_issue.voters.contains(msg.sender)) { revert AlreadyVoted(); } uint256 nTokens = balanceOf(msg.sender); // Check if the caller holds any tokens if (nTokens == 0) { revert NoTokensHeld(); } // Update vote counts based on the vote option if (_vote == Vote.AGAINST) { _issue.votesAgainst += nTokens; } else if (_vote == Vote.FOR) { _issue.votesFor += nTokens; } else { _issue.votesAbstain += nTokens; } // Add the caller to the list of voters and update total votes count _issue.voters.add(msg.sender); _issue.totalVotes += nTokens; // Close the issue if quorum is reached and determine if it passed if (_issue.totalVotes >= _issue.quorum) { _issue.closed = true; if (_issue.votesFor > _issue.votesAgainst) { _issue.passed = true; } } } } 到此就结束了 That’s the end. 本文参考Web3村长youtube，大家可以订阅一下！

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