Diseases like diphtheria, pertussis, and tetanus might sound outdated, but they are far from gone. These illnesses can quietly creep into our lives, causing severe health complications. While they are preventable, a lack of awareness could put you or your loved ones at risk. In this article, we’ll uncover the hidden dangers of these diseases, answer common questions, and explore how vaccines can shield us from these threats.
It is a bacterial infection that affects the throat and nose. It causes a thick grey coating on the back of the throat, which may obstruct the airway and make breathing difficult. If untreated, the toxins produced by the bacteria can damage the heart, nerves, and kidneys, leading to life-threatening complications.
Despite being rare in many countries due to vaccination, diphtheria outbreaks can still occur, especially in areas with low immunisation coverage. Early prevention through vaccination remains the most effective defence.
Pertussis, or whooping cough, gets its name from the characteristic “whooping” sound made during a coughing fit. This highly contagious disease spreads through respiratory droplets and can cause violent, uncontrollable coughing.
For infants, pertussis is particularly dangerous as it can lead to pneumonia, seizures, or even death. Adults and adolescents can also catch and spread the disease, making vaccination critical not just for individuals but for community protection.
Tetanus, triggered by bacteria commonly present in soil and, dust and animal feces, can enter the body through open wounds or puncture injuries. Unlike diphtheria and pertussis, tetanus is not contagious but poses a significant threat to individuals with unclean or untreated wounds.
The bacteria release a toxin that targets the nervous system, leading to painful muscle spasms, lockjaw, and, in severe cases, death. Immediate medical care and timely vaccination are vital to prevent tetanus.
Yes, vaccines are the most reliable way to prevent diphtheria, pertussis, and tetanus. The DPT vaccine is designed to protect against all three diseases in a single shot. Routine childhood immunisation schedules include this vaccine, but adults also need booster doses every 10 years to maintain immunity.
The Boostrix vaccine is an example of a booster dose often recommended for adolescents and adults, especially those in close contact with babies or in professions that expose them to these diseases.
While the symptoms of these diseases differ, being vigilant can save lives.
Diphtheria: Sore throat, fever, swollen glands, and a thick grey coating in the throat.
Pertussis: Prolonged coughing fits, vomiting after coughing, and the “whooping” sound while inhaling.
Tetanus: Stiffness in the neck and jaw, difficulty swallowing, and painful muscle spasms.
Vaccination doesn’t just protect individuals; it safeguards entire communities through herd immunity. When a large percentage of the population receives vaccination, it limits the spread of infectious diseases, protecting those who cannot receive vaccines due to medical conditions.
For example, newborns, who are most vulnerable to pertussis, benefit immensely when adults around them are vaccinated. This shared responsibility creates a healthier and safer environment for everyone.
Yes, combining vaccines is a common practice to enhance efficiency and reduce the number of shots needed. For instance, many childhood immunisation schedules combine the DPT vaccine with other vaccines, such as those for polio or Hepatitis, into a single shot.
Healthcare providers carefully study these combinations to ensure they are safe and effective. If you have concerns, discussing them with your physician can help you make decisions about vaccinations for yourself or your child.
To safeguard yourself and your family, follow these steps:
Stay updated on vaccinations: Ensure that you and your loved ones receive all recommended doses, including booster shots.
Practice hygiene: Regular handwashing and covering your mouth while coughing or sneezing can reduce the spread of pertussis.
Seek immediate care for wounds: For injuries, especially deep cuts or punctures, clean the wound thoroughly and consult a healthcare provider about tetanus risk.
The dangers of diphtheria, pertussis, and tetanus may seem distant, but they remain a threat in our modern world. Vaccines are powerful tools in our fight against these diseases. By staying informed, keeping up with vaccinations, and maintaining proper hygiene, we can safeguard ourselves and our communities from these preventable illnesses.
Remember, health is a shared responsibility—what you do today can save lives tomorrow.
Advik Singh
