# Power, Place, and Play: A Dispatch on Geopolitical Shifts, Cultural Authenticity, and Spectacle Capital

*From the Open Culture Blog.*

By [The Open Access Blogs](https://paragraph.com/@openaccessblogs) · 2025-08-04

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![](https://storage.googleapis.com/papyrus_images/995a9cfccf92f34a35cf607dc7a38f31.jpg)

**Navigating Change Across Geopolitical, Cultural, and Economic Spheres**
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The newsletter snippets from Monocle, Semafor, ArtNews, Geoscape, Rest of World, UBS Insights, NZZ Geopolitics and the Economist from July 28-30, 2025, present a kaleidoscope of global developments—ranging from geopolitical tensions and economic shifts to cultural resilience and technological innovation. Collectively, they depict a world in flux, where traditional structures are tested by emerging forces, and societies grapple with the interplay of global and local dynamics.

The rich tapestry of this week’s newsletter snippets reveals converging dynamics of power, place, and play under contemporary capitalism. In Tim Weiner’s reflections on the CIA’s shifting mission—from counterterrorism to election defence—we witness not merely a bureaucratic pivot but a Foucauldian realignment of knowledge-power, wherein intelligence becomes a technology of governance aimed at preserving a fragile global order (Foucault, 1991). The CIA’s turn toward penetrating the Kremlin underscores Arendt’s warning about the banality of evil: institutions can transmogrify ostensibly defensive functions into tools of political subjugation, all under the guise of preserving democratic norms (Arendt, 1963). That the agency must now tailor assessments to please a president “who doesn’t believe in intelligence” (Weiner, 2025) reflects a broader erosion of epistemic authority—a theme that resonates in other domains of civic life.

The Theatre of Liquid Narratives
--------------------------------

The newsletter fragments assembled before us constitute what we might term a "liquid archive" of contemporary anxieties—a collection of scattered meanings that resist coherent synthesis while simultaneously revealing the deeper structural contradictions of our historical moment. Following Jean Baudrillard's conception of hyperreality, these news items operate not merely as representations of events but as simulacra that have replaced the events themselves, creating what he termed "the generation by models of a real without origin or reality". The very act of consuming these fragments participates in what Benedict Anderson called the "mass ceremony" of imagined community, yet here the ceremony has been fractured into micro-spectacles, each demanding attention while contributing to an overall sense of epistemological vertigo.[revistadebats+3](http://www.revistadebats.net/index.php?journal=debats&page=article&op=view&path%5B%5D=90)

The opening piece on CIA transformation exemplifies this condition perfectly. Tim Weiner's analysis reveals an intelligence apparatus caught between traditional geopolitical frameworks and the liquid dynamics of contemporary power. The agency's pivot from counterterrorism to Russian penetration, then to a president "who has gone to the other side," illustrates what Antonio Gramsci might have recognized as a crisis of hegemony—a moment when ruling-class institutions lose their capacity to secure "spontaneous consent" and must rely increasingly on coercion. Yet this crisis unfolds within Foucault's biopolitical apparatus, where the management of populations becomes more critical than territorial sovereignty.[pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih+2](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5732618/)

Cultural Capital and Its Discontents
------------------------------------

The cultural fragments scattered throughout these texts operate according to what Pierre Bourdieu termed "symbolic violence"—the subtle imposition of systems of meaning that legitimate existing power relations while appearing natural and inevitable. The discussion of Italian _sagre_ represents a nostalgic longing for authentic cultural experience in an era dominated by what Naomi Klein identified as "disaster capitalism"—the systematic exploitation of social disruption to advance market fundamentalism.[philonotes+5](https://philonotes.com/2023/06/pierre-bourdieus-concept-of-symbolic-violence)

Culturally, Ed Stocker’s piece on Italy’s village _sagras_ celebrates local traditions in a globalized world. These festivals, “as far away from souvenir shops and English menus as it’s possible to get,” embody what Clifford Geertz calls “thick descriptions” of culture—rich, contextual practices that resist homogenization (Geertz, 1973). Socially, they foster community identity, while economically, they offer an authentic alternative to tourist-driven commerce. This persistence recalls Marcel Proust’s _In Search of Lost Time_, where memory and tradition anchor identity against modernity’s flux (Proust, 1913-1927/2003).

In Peschiera del Garda, the village sagra stands as a counternarrative to commodified tourism. Ed Stocker’s vignette of unpretentious lamb arrosticini and lamb’s-blood-resistant parking practices (Stocker, 2025) illustrates Walter Benjamin’s (1936/1968) conception of “aura”—the unique presence of a cultural practice that mechanical reproduction (or tourist spectacle) risks annihilating. The sagra’s authenticity, embodied in its spontaneous chaos, offers a Sartrean moment of “being-for-itself,” reminding us that communal rituals resist the alienation endemic to mass consumption.

The _sagre_ functions as what Stuart Hall would recognize as a site of "representation"—not merely reflecting Italian culture but actively constructing it through practices of inclusion and exclusion. The author's sister-in-law's observation that "the _sagra_ is a slice of Italian life" and "authentic" reveals the performative nature of authenticity itself. As Baudrillard observed, in the age of simulation, authenticity becomes another commodity, more valuable precisely because of its apparent scarcity.[media-studies+3](https://media-studies.com/baudrillard/)

**Cultural Institutions and Societal Debates**
----------------------------------------------

The parallel discussion of American investment in European football clubs illuminates the global circulation of what Thomas Piketty analyzed as concentrated capital seeking new forms of valorization. The transformation of Welsh clubs through celebrity ownership (Snoop Dogg, Ryan Reynolds) represents what we might call "spectacle capital"—investment that generates returns not through productive activity but through the manufacture of narrative excitement. This echoes Francis Fukuyama's observation about the "last man" who, having achieved material security, seeks recognition and meaning through increasingly artificial forms of struggle.[ssrn+5](https://www.ssrn.com/abstract=3272391)

The controversy over gender policing in Scottish museums underscores cultural institutions as sites of social contention. Museums Galleries Scotland’s critique of exclusionary guidelines echoes Judith Butler’s _Gender Trouble_ (1990), where gender is performative, not fixed, challenging rigid norms (Butler, 1990). This debate has policy implications for inclusion and social consequences for marginalized groups, mirroring Franz Kafka’s _The Trial_, where bureaucracy alienates the individual (Kafka, 1925/1998).

**Urban Resilience and Cultural Persistence**
---------------------------------------------

In contrast, the opening of Biidaasige Park in Toronto showcases proactive urban planning. Spanning 20 hectares and designed to mitigate flooding, the park reflects a commitment to resilience amid climate and population pressures. This aligns with Lawrence Vale and Thomas Campanella’s _The Resilient City_ (2005), which explores how cities recover and adapt to disasters through strategic infrastructure (Vale & Campanella, 2005). Toronto’s investment in green spaces suggests a policy shift toward sustainability, with social implications for community cohesion and environmental equity—a counterpoint to the instability elsewhere in the newsletter.

The launch of Biidaasige Park in Toronto’s Port Lands reminds us that urban redevelopment operates at the intersection of environmental engineering and social engineering. By rerouting the Don River to its natural course, planners enact what Karl Polanyi (1944) termed a “counter-movement”—an attempt to re-embed economic activity within ecological limits. Yet this “naturalization” of flood protection also raises questions of distributive justice: who gains access to these new green commons, and who is displaced by the decades-long construction? Such tensions echo David Harvey’s (2008) analysis of the “right to the city,” whereby the production of urban space under neoliberal regimes both enables and constrains collective agency.

Dubai’s summer calm, described by Inzamam Rashid as a city “exhaling,” offers another cultural snapshot. The seasonal exodus of residents reveals the transient nature of global cities, which Saskia Sassen frames as nodes in a networked economy (_The Global City_, 1991). This dynamic has social implications—quiet streets foster a temporary intimacy among those who remain—while economically, it underscores Dubai’s reliance on mobile capital and populations.

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**Geopolitical Tensions and the Fragility of Power**
----------------------------------------------------

The snippet from Tim Weiner’s “The Opinion: Affairs” highlights the CIA’s evolving challenges under a politically volatile U.S. administration. Weiner notes a president who “disdains alliances such as Nato and has alienated most of America’s friends,” posing a domestic threat to an agency historically focused on external adversaries. This shift reflects a broader geopolitical realignment, where internal leadership disrupts institutional continuity. Robert D. Kaplan’s _The Revenge of Geography_ (2012) offers a lens for understanding this, arguing that geopolitical realities are shaped by enduring geographic and historical forces, yet Weiner’s account underscores how individual agency—here, a president’s alignment with adversarial powers—can destabilize these patterns (Kaplan, 2012). The CIA’s struggle illustrates a tension between structural determinism and contingent political will, echoing Hannah Arendt’s observation in _The Human Condition_ that power is sustained through collective action, not unilateral disruption (Arendt, 1958).

Similarly, Côte d’Ivoire’s economic boom in Abidjan, tempered by potential political instability, reveals the fragility of progress in emerging markets. Simon Bouvier writes of a thriving metropolis where “rooftop bars are packed,” yet the specter of violence looms as President Ouattara contemplates a controversial fourth term. This scenario aligns with Daron Acemoglu and James A. Robinson’s _Why Nations Fail_ (2012), which posits that economic success depends on inclusive institutions—a condition Côte d’Ivoire risks undermining with its political uncertainty (Acemoglu & Robinson, 2012). The causal interrelation is clear: economic gains fuel social optimism, but weak governance can unravel them, a dynamic resonant with Albert Camus’ _The Plague_, where societal resilience is tested by latent threats (Camus, 1947/1991).

Across the Atlantic, Abidjan’s boom juxtaposes the intoxicating effects of resource-driven growth with the spectre of political instability. Simon Bouvier’s account of cocoa-scented breezes and rooftop revelry (Bouvier, 2025) evokes Amin Maalouf’s depiction of diasporic cosmopolitanism, yet it belies the structural dilemmas outlined by Acemoglu and Robinson (2012): economic dynamism undergirded by extractive politics often presages rent-seeking and democratic erosion. President Ouattara’s quest for a fourth term, enabled by a pliant judiciary, risks re-igniting the civil-war fault lines that Polanyi’s “double movement” would interpret as society’s revolt against unbridled marketization.

The Biopolitical Management of Crisis
-------------------------------------

The economic and political fragments reveal the operation of what Foucault theorized as biopolitics—the governmental management of populations through the modulation of life processes. The discussion of trade agreements, particularly the EU's capitulation to American demands, illustrates what Slavoj Žižek would recognize as ideology in its purest form: not the distortion of reality, but the unconscious structuring of reality itself.[reddit+3](https://www.reddit.com/r/askphilosophy/comments/9b7noo/slavoj_%C5%BEi%C5%BEek_criticisms/)

The observation that European leaders called the trade deal "submission" and "damage control" yet proceeded nonetheless demonstrates what Žižek calls "cynical reason"—the capacity to recognize ideological manipulation while remaining trapped within its logic. This parallels Shoshana Zuboff's analysis of "surveillance capitalism," where subjects understand their exploitation yet find themselves unable to extract themselves from its mechanisms.[hbs+3](https://www.hbs.edu/faculty/Pages/item.aspx?num=56791)

The fragmented discussions of economic data—China's tech price wars, luxury brand struggles, cryptocurrency policy—reveal what might be termed "statistical governance," where policy decisions emerge from algorithmic processing of data flows rather than democratic deliberation. This represents a profound transformation of what Jürgen Habermas conceptualized as the "public sphere"—the space where rational discourse could theoretically generate legitimate political authority.[journals.scholarpublishing+2](https://journals.scholarpublishing.org/index.php/ASSRJ/article/view/14848)

Postcolonial Echoes in Global Transformation
--------------------------------------------

The newsletters' treatment of global events cannot be separated from what Edward Said identified as "Orientalist" discourse—the systematic representation of non-Western societies as fundamentally different and inferior. The brief mentions of Myanmar's scam compounds, Mexico's conflicts with SpaceX, and African cybersecurity breaches function as what postcolonial theory recognizes as "othering"—the discursive construction of difference that legitimates hierarchical relationships.[tpls.academypublication+5](https://tpls.academypublication.com/index.php/tpls/article/view/8885)

The discussion of China's AI policies and university practices reveals the persistence of what Samuel Huntington theorized as "civilization clash"—though here the conflict operates through technological and educational systems rather than military confrontation. The observation that Chinese universities actively promote AI use while Western institutions remain skeptical illustrates competing models of human-machine integration, each embedded within distinct cultural and political frameworks.[wikipedia+2](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clash_of_Civilizations)

The Crisis of Liberal Democratic Temporality
--------------------------------------------

Perhaps most significantly, these fragments collectively reveal what we might call a "crisis of liberal democratic temporality." The traditional progressive narrative that Francis Fukuyama crystallized as "the end of history"—the idea that liberal democracy represents the final form of human political organization—appears increasingly untenable. Yet no coherent alternative narrative has emerged to replace it.[wikipedia+2](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_End_of_History_and_the_Last_Man)

The scattered references to political instability (Brexit, Trump, European fragmentation) suggest what Gramsci identified as an "interregnum"—a period when "the old is dying and the new cannot be born". In such moments, as Gramsci observed, "a great variety of morbid symptoms appear." The newsletter's very form—fragmentary, associative, resistant to synthesis—might itself constitute such a morbid symptom.[galaxyimrj+1](https://www.galaxyimrj.com/V6/n5/Abdellatif.pdf)

**Economic Interdependence and Market Shifts**
----------------------------------------------

The EU-US trade deal, met with French dismay, exemplifies economic interdependence amid geopolitical friction. The agreement’s commitment to U.S. military purchases undermines Europe’s defense ambitions, a scenario Robert Keohane and Joseph Nye analyze in _Power and Interdependence_ (1977) as a web of mutual reliance tinged with power imbalances (Keohane & Nye, 1977). France’s Prime Minister Bayrou’s lament of “submission” highlights policy tensions, while economically, it signals a shift in industrial priorities. This resonates with Karl Polanyi’s _The Great Transformation_, where market forces disrupt social and political equilibria (Polanyi, 1944/2001).

The EU–US trade deal, decried in Paris as “submission” to American demands (Bouvier, 2025), can be read through Giovanni Arrighi’s (2005) _longue durée_ of hegemonic cycles: Washington’s imposition of 15% tariffs on European exports evidences a reassertion of US structural power at the dawn of a new strategic rivalry. Yet Ursula von der Leyen’s choice to rubber-stamp the agreement reflects a Hobbesian calculus of economic security over sovereignty, illustrating how neoliberal interdependence can become a vector of political subordination.

The acquisition of European football clubs by American investors, such as Snoop Dogg’s stake in Swansea City, reflects globalization’s cultural and economic reach. Henry Rees-Sheridan notes a strategy of extracting “dormant value,” aligning with Pierre Bourdieu’s concept of cultural capital, where ownership confers prestige (_The Forms of Capital_, 1986). Socially, this risks commodifying local identities, yet economically, it promises revitalization—a tension akin to Joseph Conrad’s _Heart of Darkness_, where external intervention reshapes native landscapes (Conrad, 1899/1990).

In the realm of sport, the influx of American capital into European football reveals how even cultural “underdogs” are subsumed into circulations of celebrity fetishism. Henry Jenkins’s (2006) notion of “convergence culture” helps us see these acquisitions as theatrical productions, where narrative and branding supplant organic fan communities. The commodification of local identity thus mirrors Marx’s (1867/1976) analysis of commodity fetishism: social relations between people appear as relations between things—teams become transnational assets.

Meanwhile, underdog sportswear brands like Hoka and Vuori challenge giants like Nike, embodying Joseph Schumpeter’s “creative destruction” (_Capitalism, Socialism, and Democracy_, 1942). This market shift has social implications—empowering consumer choice—while economically, it signals innovation’s disruptive potential.

Toward a Spectral Politics
--------------------------

These textual fragments operate as what Jacques Derrida might have called "specters"—traces of past meanings that continue to haunt present discourse without achieving full presence. The newsletter format itself embodies this spectral quality, offering knowledge that is simultaneously urgent and ephemeral, authoritative and contingent.

Drawing from Walter Benjamin's concept of "constellation," we might read these fragments not as linear narrative but as sudden illuminations that reveal hidden connections across apparently disparate domains. The juxtaposition of CIA anxieties with Italian village festivals, European football investments with Chinese AI policies, creates what Benjamin called "dialectical images"—moments where past and present collide to generate critical insight.

The challenge for critical theory in this context becomes not the traditional task of ideology critique—exposing false consciousness to reveal true reality—but rather what we might call "spectral analysis": tracing the circulation of meanings across multiple domains while remaining attentive to their mutual constitution. This requires what Donna Haraway termed "situated knowledge"—analysis that acknowledges its own embeddedness within the phenomena it seeks to understand.

**Defense and Technological Dualities**
---------------------------------------

Europe’s infrastructure woes, as Jack Simpson warns, reveal a continent unprepared for war. Aging roads and bureaucratic delays undermine military mobility, a vulnerability Edward Luttwak’s _Strategy_ (1987) frames as a logistical failing critical to defense (Luttwak, 1987). Policy-wise, this demands investment, with social consequences for public trust in security—a stark contrast to Toronto’s proactive urbanism.

Finally, Jack Simpson’s warning that Europe’s crumbling roads and bridges imperil military mobility (Simpson, 2025) speaks to Ulrich Beck’s (1992) risk society: modernity’s infrastructural achievements generate new vulnerabilities that can undermine even the most advanced defence doctrines. The bureaucratic gridlock delaying cross-border movements recalls Max Weber’s (1919/1946) iron cage of rationalization, where an excess of regulation chokes off the very efficiency it was meant to secure.

Technologically, snippets on China’s AI price wars and Myanmar’s scam compounds using Starlink highlight innovation’s dual nature. Manuel Castells’ _The Rise of the Network Society_ (1996) frames this as the information age’s reshaping of economic and social structures, where technology drives both progress and exploitation (Castells, 1996). Policy responses, like Thailand’s internet crackdown, reflect attempts to curb misuse, with social implications for vulnerable populations.

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Conclusion: The Commons of Uncertainty
--------------------------------------

Ultimately, these newsletter fragments gesture toward what might be emerging as a new form of commons—not the traditional commons of shared resources, but what we might call a "commons of uncertainty." In an era when traditional epistemological authorities have lost credibility, when simulation and reality have become indistinguishable, when political categories have lost their organizing power, we find ourselves sharing not knowledge but bewilderment.

This commons of uncertainty might paradoxically constitute the foundation for new forms of solidarity. If, as Benedict Anderson argued, nations were imagined through the shared consumption of print media, perhaps new forms of community might emerge through the shared navigation of informational overload. The newsletter format, with its mixture of authority and anxiety, confidence and confusion, might prefigure new modes of collective sense-making adapted to our condition of "liquid modernity."[criticallegalthinking+2](https://criticallegalthinking.com/2023/04/25/benedict-andersons-imagined-communities/)

The fragments before us thus operate simultaneously as symptoms of systemic crisis and as potential resources for imagining alternatives. Reading them requires what we might call "spectral solidarity"—the capacity to remain present to uncertainty while working to construct meaningful responses to our shared predicament. In this sense, critical theory's task becomes not the revelation of hidden truth but the cultivation of practices adequate to our condition of constitutive unknowing.

**Embracing Complexity**
------------------------

These snippets collectively portray a world navigating profound change. Geopolitically, power structures falter under internal and external pressures; culturally, local traditions endure amid globalization; economically, interdependence and innovation reshape markets; and socially, debates over identity and resilience persist. Drawing on Albert Einstein’s reflection—“We cannot solve our problems with the same thinking we used when we created them”—this flux demands adaptive, inclusive approaches (Einstein, as cited in Calaprice, 2005). By engaging scholarly and literary insights, we illuminate the causal threads binding these developments, urging a future that balances resilience with openness.

Together, these snippets form an associative mosaic: neoliberal globalization’s centrifugal forces—financialized intelligence, urban greening, resource-led urbanism, heritage commodification, trade diplomacy, sportive spectacle, and infrastructural precarity—entangle culture, policy, and capital in ever-more complex causal loops. As scholars from Foucault to Polanyi have shown, the attempt to manage these loops through technocratic fixes or market mechanisms alone is destined to produce new forms of social dislocation. The challenge, then, is to cultivate spaces—whether physical like Biidaasige Park or communal like the Italian sagra—where alternative imaginaries can flourish, unshackled from the fetishisms of power and profit.

References
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\[Supporters can find the bibliographical information at this link: [https://ko-fi.com/Post/Power-Place-and-Play-A-Dispatch-on-Geopolitical-M4M81J67FT](https://ko-fi.com/Post/Power-Place-and-Play-A-Dispatch-on-Geopolitical-M4M81J67FT).\]

\[Written, Researched, and Edited by Pablo Markin. Some parts of the text have been produced with the aid of Research, Perplexity, ChatGPT, OpenAI, and Grok, xAI, tools (August 5, 2025). The featured image has been generated in Canva (August 5, 2025).\]

\[Support the Open Access Blogs: [https://ko-fi.com/theopenaccessblogs/tip](https://ko-fi.com/theopenaccessblogs/tip).\]

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Footnotes
---------

1.  [http://www.revistadebats.net/index.php?journal=debats&page=article&op=view&path\[\]=90](http://www.revistadebats.net/index.php?journal=debats&page=article&op=view&path%5B%5D=90)
    
2.  [https://newlearningonline.com/literacies/chapter-2/anderson-on-the-nation-as-imagined-community](https://newlearningonline.com/literacies/chapter-2/anderson-on-the-nation-as-imagined-community)
    
3.  [https://mlsu.ac.in/econtents/2289\_hyper reality boudrilard.pdf](https://mlsu.ac.in/econtents/2289_hyper%20reality%20boudrilard.pdf)
    
4.  [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simulacra\_and\_Simulation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simulacra_and_Simulation)
    
5.  [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5732618/](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5732618/)
    
6.  [http://ddugu.ac.in/ePathshala\_Attachments/E\_PS788209@41557951i.pdf](http://ddugu.ac.in/ePathshala_Attachments/E_PS788209@41557951i.pdf)
    
7.  [https://www.galaxyimrj.com/V6/n5/Abdellatif.pdf](https://www.galaxyimrj.com/V6/n5/Abdellatif.pdf)
    
8.  [https://philonotes.com/2023/06/pierre-bourdieus-concept-of-symbolic-violence](https://philonotes.com/2023/06/pierre-bourdieus-concept-of-symbolic-violence)
    
9.  [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symbolic\_violence](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symbolic_violence)
    
10.  [https://easysociology.com/sociology-of-violence-conflict/pierre-bourdieus-symbolic-violence-an-outline-and-explanation/](https://easysociology.com/sociology-of-violence-conflict/pierre-bourdieus-symbolic-violence-an-outline-and-explanation/)
    
11.  [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The\_Shock\_Doctrine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Shock_Doctrine)
    
12.  [https://www.developmenteducationreview.com/issue/issue-8/shock-doctrine-rise-disaster-capitalism](https://www.developmenteducationreview.com/issue/issue-8/shock-doctrine-rise-disaster-capitalism)
    
13.  [https://archive.org/details/naomi-klein-the-shock-doctrine](https://archive.org/details/naomi-klein-the-shock-doctrine)
    
14.  [https://media-studies.com/baudrillard/](https://media-studies.com/baudrillard/)
    
15.  [https://us.sagepub.com/sites/default/files/upm-binaries/13286\_Chapter\_2\_Web\_Byte\_\_Stuart\_Hall.pdf](https://us.sagepub.com/sites/default/files/upm-binaries/13286_Chapter_2_Web_Byte__Stuart_Hall.pdf)
    
16.  [https://www.cultural-studies.uni-kiel.de/an-introduction-to-the-study-of-british-and-american-cultures/representation-cultural-memory](https://www.cultural-studies.uni-kiel.de/an-introduction-to-the-study-of-british-and-american-cultures/representation-cultural-memory)
    
17.  [https://www.ssrn.com/abstract=3272391](https://www.ssrn.com/abstract=3272391)
    
18.  [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capital\_in\_the\_Twenty-First\_Century](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capital_in_the_Twenty-First_Century)
    
19.  [https://www.ifo.de/DocDL/forum1-15-focus1.pdf](https://www.ifo.de/DocDL/forum1-15-focus1.pdf)
    
20.  [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The\_End\_of\_History\_and\_the\_Last\_Man](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_End_of_History_and_the_Last_Man)
    
21.  [https://theconversation.com/the-end-of-history-francis-fukuyamas-controversial-idea-explained-193225](https://theconversation.com/the-end-of-history-francis-fukuyamas-controversial-idea-explained-193225)
    
22.  [https://www.cato.org/regulation/fall-2022/fukuyama-interesting-books-some-baggage](https://www.cato.org/regulation/fall-2022/fukuyama-interesting-books-some-baggage)
    
23.  [https://www.reddit.com/r/askphilosophy/comments/9b7noo/slavoj\_žižek\_criticisms/](https://www.reddit.com/r/askphilosophy/comments/9b7noo/slavoj_%C5%BEi%C5%BEek_criticisms/)
    
24.  [https://shc.stanford.edu/arcade/interventions/end-ideology-critique](https://shc.stanford.edu/arcade/interventions/end-ideology-critique)
    
25.  [https://iep.utm.edu/zizek/](https://iep.utm.edu/zizek/)
    
26.  [https://www.hbs.edu/faculty/Pages/item.aspx?num=56791](https://www.hbs.edu/faculty/Pages/item.aspx?num=56791)
    
27.  [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The\_Age\_of\_Surveillance\_Capitalism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Age_of_Surveillance_Capitalism)
    
28.  [https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2019/03/harvard-professor-says-surveillance-capitalism-is-undermining-democracy/](https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2019/03/harvard-professor-says-surveillance-capitalism-is-undermining-democracy/)
    
29.  [https://journals.scholarpublishing.org/index.php/ASSRJ/article/view/14848](https://journals.scholarpublishing.org/index.php/ASSRJ/article/view/14848)
    
30.  [http://www.scielo.org.za/scielo.php?script=sci\_arttext&pid=S0256-01002010000100001](http://www.scielo.org.za/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0256-01002010000100001)
    
31.  [https://opentextbc.ca/mediastudies101/chapter/habermas-public-sphere/](https://opentextbc.ca/mediastudies101/chapter/habermas-public-sphere/)
    
32.  [https://tpls.academypublication.com/index.php/tpls/article/view/8885](https://tpls.academypublication.com/index.php/tpls/article/view/8885)
    
33.  [https://revistia.org/index.php/ejis/article/view/5336](https://revistia.org/index.php/ejis/article/view/5336)
    
34.  [https://carijournals.org/journals/index.php/JHS/article/view/2350](https://carijournals.org/journals/index.php/JHS/article/view/2350)
    
35.  [https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/effbfe55c073734058085e6a9d92445a11cd5052](https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/effbfe55c073734058085e6a9d92445a11cd5052)
    
36.  [https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/321388](https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/321388)
    
37.  [https://scholarblogs.emory.edu/postcolonialstudies/2014/06/21/orientalism/](https://scholarblogs.emory.edu/postcolonialstudies/2014/06/21/orientalism/)
    
38.  [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clash\_of\_Civilizations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clash_of_Civilizations)
    
39.  [https://www.beyondintractability.org/bksum/huntington-clash](https://www.beyondintractability.org/bksum/huntington-clash)
    
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![](https://storage.googleapis.com/papyrus_images/9ae5b8e375649a51f13326e4cbbb18be.png)

[Persuasion](https://www.persuasion.community/p/boredom-at-the-end-of-history-part-i?utm_source=substack&utm_campaign=post_embed&utm_medium=web)

[Boredom at the End of History, Part I](https://www.persuasion.community/p/boredom-at-the-end-of-history-part-i?utm_source=substack&utm_campaign=post_embed&utm_medium=web)

[The last couple of decades have not been good ones for liberal democracy around the world. In its annual Freedom in the World survey, Freedom House has documented declines in aggregate levels of global democracy for each of the past 18 years. This “democratic recession” is characterized not only by the rise of authorit…](https://www.persuasion.community/p/boredom-at-the-end-of-history-part-i?utm_source=substack&utm_campaign=post_embed&utm_medium=web)

[Read more](https://www.persuasion.community/p/boredom-at-the-end-of-history-part-i?utm_source=substack&utm_campaign=post_embed&utm_medium=web)

[a year ago · 13 likes · 1 comment · Francis Fukuyama](https://www.persuasion.community/p/boredom-at-the-end-of-history-part-i?utm_source=substack&utm_campaign=post_embed&utm_medium=web)

1.  [https://www.jstor.org/stable/20045621](https://www.jstor.org/stable/20045621)
    
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1.  [https://fotografiaeteoria.files.wordpress.com/2015/05/the\_work\_of\_representation\_\_stuart\_hall.pdf](https://fotografiaeteoria.files.wordpress.com/2015/05/the_work_of_representation__stuart_hall.pdf)
    
2.  [https://dialnet.unirioja.es/descarga/articulo/10115104.pdf](https://dialnet.unirioja.es/descarga/articulo/10115104.pdf)
    
3.  [https://zizekstudies.org/index.php/IJZS/article/download/125/125](https://zizekstudies.org/index.php/IJZS/article/download/125/125)
    
4.  [https://udayananetworking.unud.ac.id/lecturer/scientific/1626-wahyu-budi-nugroho/the-brief-explanation-of-representation-according-stuart-hall-1097](https://udayananetworking.unud.ac.id/lecturer/scientific/1626-wahyu-budi-nugroho/the-brief-explanation-of-representation-according-stuart-hall-1097)
    
5.  [https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/328024387.pdf](https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/328024387.pdf)
    
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7.  [https://eclass.aueb.gr/modules/document/file.php/OIK260/S.Hall, The work of Representation.pdf](https://eclass.aueb.gr/modules/document/file.php/OIK260/S.Hall,%20The%20work%20of%20Representation.pdf)
    
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12.  [https://sites.cardiff.ac.uk/zizekcentre/](https://sites.cardiff.ac.uk/zizekcentre/)

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*Originally published on [The Open Access Blogs](https://paragraph.com/@openaccessblogs/power-place-and-play-a-dispatch-on-geopolitical-shifts-cultural-authenticity-and-spectacle-capital)*
