# 用 Rust 开发 Solana：解锁 Web3 交易费用计算


**Published by:** [Paxon](https://paragraph.com/@paxon-2/)
**Published on:** 2025-05-17
**URL:** https://paragraph.com/@paxon-2/rust-solana-web3

## Content

用 Rust 开发 Solana：解锁 Web3 交易费用计算Web3 时代，Solana 以高性能低成本引领区块链开发！本文用 Rust 带你从零构建交易费用计算工具，连接本地节点、创建钱包、发送交易，快速掌握 Solana 开发。无论新手还是 Rust 爱好者，都能解锁 Web3 无限可能！ 本文通过一个 Rust 开发的 Solana 客户端示例，展示如何快速构建 Web3 应用。内容包括项目初始化、依赖配置、连接本地 Solana 节点、创建钱包、请求空投 SOL，以及构造、模拟和发送含 Memo 的交易。代码简洁易懂，结合详细步骤和输出结果，助你快速估算交易费用和计算单元。适合想用 Rust 探索 Solana 和 Web3 开发的初学者与开发者。交易费用计算原理在 Solana 区块链上，每笔交易都会消耗计算单元（Compute Units）并需支付以 lamports 为单位的手续费。交易费用的基础部分由交易包含的签名数量决定，每增加一个签名需支付 5000 lamports 的费用。了解这一机制，有助于开发者使用 Rust 高效构建 Web3 应用，优化交易成本并提升 Solana 网络的开发体验。实操创建项目cargo new solfeecalc Creating binary (application) `solfeecalc` package note: see more `Cargo.toml` keys and their definitions at ******************************************************* cd solfeecalc ls Cargo.toml src cargo run Compiling solfeecalc v0.1.0 (/Users/qiaopengjun/Code/Solana/SolanaSandbox/solfeecalc) Finished `dev` profile [unoptimized + debuginfo] target(s) in 0.56s Running `target/debug/solfeecalc` Hello, world! 安装项目依赖SolanaSandbox/solfeecalc on  main [?] is 📦 0.1.0 via 🦀 1.86.0 took 3.6s ➜ cargo add anyhow SolanaSandbox/solfeecalc on  main [?] is 📦 0.1.0 via 🦀 1.86.0 took 6.4s ➜ cargo add tokio --features full SolanaSandbox/solfeecalc on  main [?] is 📦 0.1.0 via 🦀 1.86.0 ➜ cargo add solana-sdk SolanaSandbox/solfeecalc on  main [?] is 📦 0.1.0 via 🦀 1.86.0 took 6.5s ➜ cargo add solana-client SolanaSandbox/solfeecalc on  main [?] is 📦 0.1.0 via 🦀 1.86.0 took 11.6s ➜ cargo add spl-memo 查看项目目录结构SolanaSandbox/solfeecalc on  main [?] is 📦 0.1.0 via 🦀 1.86.0 ➜ tree . -L 6 -I "target|test-ledger" . ├── Cargo.lock ├── Cargo.toml └── src └── main.rs 2 directories, 3 files 代码实现use solana_client::nonblocking::rpc_client::RpcClient; use solana_sdk::{ commitment_config::CommitmentConfig, native_token::LAMPORTS_PER_SOL, signature::Keypair, signer::Signer, transaction::Transaction, }; use spl_memo::build_memo; #[tokio::main] async fn main() -> anyhow::Result<()> { let client = RpcClient::new_with_commitment( String::from("http://127.0.0.1:8899"), CommitmentConfig::confirmed(), ); let signer_keypair = Keypair::new(); let memo = String::from("Memo message to be logged in this transaction"); let memo_ix = build_memo(memo.as_bytes(), &[&signer_keypair.pubkey()]); let mut transaction = Transaction::new_with_payer(&[memo_ix], Some(&signer_keypair.pubkey())); transaction.sign(&[&signer_keypair], client.get_latest_blockhash().await?); let transaction_signature = client .request_airdrop(&signer_keypair.pubkey(), 5 * LAMPORTS_PER_SOL) .await?; loop { if client.confirm_transaction(&transaction_signature).await? { break; } } let estimated_units = estimate_cu_used(&client, &transaction).await?; println!("Transaction estimated to consumed {estimated_units} compute units"); let tx_cost = client.get_fee_for_message(transaction.message()).await?; println!("Transaction signatures length: {}", transaction.signatures.len()); println!("Transaction is estimated to cost {tx_cost} lamports"); match client.send_and_confirm_transaction(&transaction).await { Ok(signature) => println!("Transaction Signature: {}", signature), Err(err) => eprintln!("Error sending transaction: {}", err), } Ok(()) } async fn estimate_cu_used(client: &RpcClient, tx: &Transaction) -> anyhow::Result<u64> { let sim_res = client.simulate_transaction(tx).await?; let units_consumed = sim_res .value .units_consumed .expect("couldn't estimate CUs used"); Ok(units_consumed) } 这段代码是一个用 Rust 编写的 Solana 客户端示例，主要功能是：连接本地 Solana 节点创建一个新钱包（Keypair）请求空投 5 SOL 到该钱包构造并模拟一笔带有 Memo 的交易，估算其消耗的计算单元（compute units）和手续费发送并确认该交易下面详细解释每一部分：1. 依赖导入use solana_client::nonblocking::rpc_client::RpcClient; use solana_sdk::{ commitment_config::CommitmentConfig, native_token::LAMPORTS_PER_SOL, signature::Keypair, signer::Signer, transaction::Transaction, }; use spl_memo::build_memo; 引入了 Solana 客户端、SDK 相关模块，以及 SPL Memo 工具。2. 主函数#[tokio::main] async fn main() -> anyhow::Result<()> { // 1. 创建 RPC 客户端，连接本地节点 let client = RpcClient::new_with_commitment( String::from("http://127.0.0.1:8899"), CommitmentConfig::confirmed(), ); // 2. 生成一个新的钱包密钥对 let signer_keypair = Keypair::new(); // 3. 构造 Memo 指令 let memo = String::from("Memo message to be logged in this transaction"); let memo_ix = build_memo(memo.as_bytes(), &[&signer_keypair.pubkey()]); // 4. 构造交易（只包含 Memo 指令），设置付款人 let mut transaction = Transaction::new_with_payer(&[memo_ix], Some(&signer_keypair.pubkey())); // 5. 签名交易 transaction.sign(&[&signer_keypair], client.get_latest_blockhash().await?); // 6. 请求空投 5 SOL 到新钱包 let transaction_signature = client .request_airdrop(&signer_keypair.pubkey(), 5 * LAMPORTS_PER_SOL) .await?; // 7. 等待空投交易确认 loop { if client.confirm_transaction(&transaction_signature).await? { break; } } // 8. 估算交易消耗的计算单元 let estimated_units = estimate_cu_used(&client, &transaction).await?; println!("Transaction estimated to consumed {estimated_units} compute units"); // 9. 查询交易手续费 let tx_cost = client.get_fee_for_message(transaction.message()).await?; println!("Transaction is estimated to cost {tx_cost} lamports"); // 10. 发送并确认交易 match client.send_and_confirm_transaction(&transaction).await { Ok(signature) => println!("Transaction Signature: {}", signature), Err(err) => eprintln!("Error sending transaction: {}", err), } Ok(()) } 3. 估算计算单元的辅助函数async fn estimate_cu_used(client: &RpcClient, tx: &Transaction) -> anyhow::Result<u64> { let sim_res = client.simulate_transaction(tx).await?; let units_consumed = sim_res .value .units_consumed .expect("couldn't estimate CUs used"); Ok(units_consumed) } 用于模拟交易，返回消耗的计算单元（compute units）。总结这段代码的主要流程是：连接本地 Solana 节点。创建新钱包并请求空投。构造带 Memo 的交易，模拟并估算其资源消耗和手续费。发送并确认交易，输出交易签名。启动本地节点SolanaSandbox/solfeecalc on  main [?] is 📦 0.1.0 via 🦀 1.86.0 took 5.2s ➜ solana-test-validator Ledger location: test-ledger Log: test-ledger/validator.log ⠤ Initializing... Waiting for fees to stabilize 1... Identity: pjzkQFXWQg6YuiowupiWZYtTQDb62ypyYAwCVZ9kgLS Genesis Hash: 82cxWMZD15FZWY6CBgSc4k5wpdwPu81jD4ALKYDqVngY Version: 2.1.21 Shred Version: 32306 Gossip Address: 127.0.0.1:1024 TPU Address: 127.0.0.1:1027 JSON RPC URL: http://127.0.0.1:8899 WebSocket PubSub URL: ws://127.0.0.1:8900 ⠚ 00:00:16 | Processed Slot: 32 | Confirmed Slot: 32 | Finalized Slot: 1 | Full Snapshot Slot: - | Incremental Snapshot Slo 构建项目SolanaSandbox/solfeecalc on  main [?] is 📦 0.1.0 via 🦀 1.86.0 took 3.7s ➜ cargo build Finished `dev` profile [unoptimized + debuginfo] target(s) in 0.66s 运行项目SolanaSandbox/solfeecalc on  main [?] is 📦 0.1.0 via 🦀 1.86.0 ➜ cargo run Finished `dev` profile [unoptimized + debuginfo] target(s) in 0.20s Running `target/debug/solfeecalc` Transaction estimated to consumed 31276 compute units Transaction signatures length: 1 Transaction is estimated to cost 5000 lamports Transaction Signature: EZUcNbzKmwp7UkVUETmoy2CSXkV6y1SQvvMsy6QCycs69UutV4WvyZwG4T6vS1xc8KN645GGnqH7ab2FfHUQWrR 总结通过 Rust 和 Solana SDK，本文展示了一个简单却实用的 Web3 交易费用计算工具的开发全流程。从搭建本地节点到发送交易，你不仅学会了 Solana 的核心开发技能，还能为更复杂的去中心化应用奠定基础。无论你是想探索 Web3 的新手，还是追求高效开发的 Rust 开发者，这篇实战指南都能让你快速上手 Solana，解锁区块链开发的无限可能！快来动手试试，打造你的第一个 Solana 应用吧！参考https://solana.com/zh/developers/cookbook/transactions/calculate-costhttps://docs.rs/spl-memo/latest/spl_memo/https://crates.io/crates/spl-memohttps://github.com/solana-labs/solana-program-library

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