# Web3 开发实战：用 Foundry 高效探索以太坊区块链 By [Paxon](https://paragraph.com/@paxon-2) · 2025-05-20 --- Web3 开发实战：用 Foundry 高效探索以太坊区块链 ============================== Web3 时代的到来，让以太坊区块链开发成为开发者关注的热点。Foundry 作为一款强大的 Solidity 开发工具集，凭借其命令行工具 cast，为开发者提供了查询区块链数据、调试交易和分析智能合约的高效途径。本文通过一系列实操案例，带你走进 Web3 开发的实战场景，探索如何用 Foundry 查询以太坊区块、交易详情、事件日志，并进行交易模拟，助力你在 Web3 开发中游刃有余！ 本文详细介绍了 Foundry 的 cast 命令在以太坊开发中的多种应用，包括查询最新区块高度、区块详情、交易收据、Gas 单价，以及解析合约调用数据、事件签名和函数选择器等功能。通过具体案例，展示了从环境变量配置到 JSON 数据格式化，再到交易模拟执行的完整流程。文章还介绍了如何通过 cast run 调试交易调用栈，为 Web3 开发者提供实用参考，助力开发高效的去中心化应用。 实操 -- ### 查询最新区块号（十六进制） **通过** `export ETH_RPC_URL` 设置环境变量，让后续的 `cast` 命令自动使用该 RPC 节点，无需重复指定 `--rpc-url`。 export ETH_RPC_URL="************************************************************** echo $ETH_RPC_URL ************************************************************* cast rpc eth_blockNumber "0x7f93c9" cast rpc eth_blockNumber "0x95075b" ### 查询当前以太坊网络的最新区块高度（十进制格式） cast block-number 8360917 # cast block-number cast block-number 21914148 ### 查询以太坊区块链上指定高度的区块详情 cast block 8360917 cast block 9766752 baseFeePerGas 7 difficulty 2 extraData 0x010000753003f85c47000c8eaa00000000000000000000000000000000000000c11e60141cf73be3d65bddbb95688e2465691424b881a7cd71c8560c2200d5480f35bcad7d1bd50a0ecac7ba68d7ff26bf6f059fde74dfd159a542faf39edc4600 gasLimit 2000000000 gasUsed 21000 hash 0x09d4ff5bcf56f63f8fdd6b15b1f33f187ff7b1d9df6ff4bb6e6e294a7830328f logsBloom 0x00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 miner 0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 mixHash 0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 nonce 0x0000000000000000 number 9766752 parentHash 0xaff11e9fd37dcc9ff6e3799f307ea81d6ed308e7ef29aa41ca40301ed485e38a parentBeaconRoot transactionsRoot 0x27cecda093398159176bb88196189432b283fa6f75494ed72d6aa4af9e7319a6 receiptsRoot 0x056b23fbba480696b65fe5a59b8f2148a1299103c4f57df839233af2cf4ca2d2 sha3Uncles 0x1dcc4de8dec75d7aab85b567b6ccd41ad312451b948a7413f0a142fd40d49347 size 721 stateRoot 0x7e231fb86f75067ee6b5db48d60fb13585461aba09ee7fae9201484a8578f0aa timestamp 1740373647 (Mon, 24 Feb 2025 05:07:27 +0000) withdrawalsRoot totalDifficulty 19533505 blobGasUsed excessBlobGas requestsHash transactions: [ 0xa2797bab1ce8307072cff59ac03c3aef8614e0b9df491d253ea3de954df5f913 ] ### 查询以太坊区块链上指定交易哈希的完整详细信息 # cast tx cast tx 0xa2797bab1ce8307072cff59ac03c3aef8614e0b9df491d253ea3de954df5f913 blockHash 0x09d4ff5bcf56f63f8fdd6b15b1f33f187ff7b1d9df6ff4bb6e6e294a7830328f blockNumber 9766752 from 0x228466F2C715CbEC05dEAbfAc040ce3619d7CF0B transactionIndex 0 effectiveGasPrice 1361240798 gas 21000 gasPrice 1361240798 hash 0xa2797bab1ce8307072cff59ac03c3aef8614e0b9df491d253ea3de954df5f913 input 0x nonce 8584261 r 0x43f3d959986d09dddff767cbfcc4a49641c04494533a78f40385106240de571a s 0x0cb55a2d14a186798c5f71432e66d6be8d1b9c3ce7ddb2ab8e30703147bb9850 to 0x228466F2C715CbEC05dEAbfAc040ce3619d7CF0B type 0 v 1 value 100 ### 获取指定以太坊交易的 **收据（receipt）信息** cast receipt 0xa2797bab1ce8307072cff59ac03c3aef8614e0b9df491d253ea3de954df5f913 blockHash 0x09d4ff5bcf56f63f8fdd6b15b1f33f187ff7b1d9df6ff4bb6e6e294a7830328f blockNumber 9766752 contractAddress cumulativeGasUsed 21000 effectiveGasPrice 1361240798 from 0x228466F2C715CbEC05dEAbfAc040ce3619d7CF0B gasUsed 21000 logs [] logsBloom 0x00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 root status 1 (success) transactionHash 0xa2797bab1ce8307072cff59ac03c3aef8614e0b9df491d253ea3de954df5f913 transactionIndex 0 type 0 blobGasPrice blobGasUsed to 0x228466F2C715CbEC05dEAbfAc040ce3619d7CF0B ### 查询特定以太坊交易的 `gasPrice`（Gas 单价） cast tx 0xa2797bab1ce8307072cff59ac03c3aef8614e0b9df491d253ea3de954df5f913 gasPrice 1361240798 ### 查询交易 **实际生效的 Gas 单价（effectiveGasPrice）** ### 获取交易 `0xa279` 的完整 JSON 格式数据 cast tx 0xa2797bab1ce8307072cff59ac03c3aef8614e0b9df491d253ea3de954df5f913 --json {"type":"0x0","chainId":"0xe705","nonce":"0x82fc45","gasPrice":"0x5122e2de","gas":"0x5208","to":"0x228466f2c715cbec05deabfac040ce3619d7cf0b","value":"0x64","input":"0x","r":"0x43f3d959986d09dddff767cbfcc4a49641c04494533a78f40385106240de571a","s":"0xcb55a2d14a186798c5f71432e66d6be8d1b9c3ce7ddb2ab8e30703147bb9850","v":"0x1ce2e","hash":"0xa2797bab1ce8307072cff59ac03c3aef8614e0b9df491d253ea3de954df5f913","blockHash":"0x09d4ff5bcf56f63f8fdd6b15b1f33f187ff7b1d9df6ff4bb6e6e294a7830328f","blockNumber":"0x950760","transactionIndex":"0x0","from":"0x228466f2c715cbec05deabfac040ce3619d7cf0b"} ### 获取交易 `0x847e` 的完整 JSON 数据并使用 `jq` 格式化输出 cast tx 0x847ec42998f5b0fb603ff909b9c9dc575d6876a89c8f30ce9343ce8062d76e88 --json | jq { "type": "0x2", "chainId": "0x1", "nonce": "0x51177", "gas": "0x3bd5a", "maxFeePerGas": "0x24ca2ff8", "maxPriorityFeePerGas": "0x1d3ed", "to": "0x68d3a973e7272eb388022a5c6518d9b2a2e66fbf", "value": "0x14e6235", "accessList": [], "input": "0xa00000000000000000000000000000006ac6b053a2858bea8ad758db680198c16e523184000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000040ba76f00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000cbf18a462d9f5c1d1000000000000000000000000a0b86991c6218b36c1d19d4a2e9eb0ce3606eb48", "r": "0x7046b9d4144e7e031f14d1cf48e624ca082a647a1dff2a4b138946c5bf604813", "s": "0xe6de3584212a453feab79484cf04c4e7737b128c351e97febdfea7f28b91278", "yParity": "0x0", "v": "0x0", "hash": "0x847ec42998f5b0fb603ff909b9c9dc575d6876a89c8f30ce9343ce8062d76e88", "blockHash": "0xa742ebfe24abfe4b611a6d3152a15c7fd6e3eb5dbd85bf91d90ddc9579e17954", "blockNumber": "0x14e6235", "transactionIndex": "0xa5", "from": "0x448166a91e7bc50d0ac720c2fbed29e0963f5af8", "gasPrice": "0x24ca2ff8" } ### 获取交易 `0x847e` 的 **input 数据**（即合约调用的原始 ABI 编码数据） cast tx 0x847ec42998f5b0fb603ff909b9c9dc575d6876a89c8f30ce9343ce8062d76e88 input 0xa00000000000000000000000000000006ac6b053a2858bea8ad758db680198c16e523184000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000040ba76f00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000cbf18a462d9f5c1d1000000000000000000000000a0b86991c6218b36c1d19d4a2e9eb0ce3606eb48 ### 解析并美化显示给定的 calldata cast pretty-calldata 0xa9059cbb0000000000000000000000005494befe3ce72a2ca0001fe0ed0c55b42f8c358f000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000836d54c Possible methods: - transfer(address,uint256) ------------ [000]: 0000000000000000000000005494befe3ce72a2ca0001fe0ed0c55b42f8c358f [020]: 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000836d54c ### 解码给定的 calldata cast 4byte-decode 0xa9059cbb0000000000000000000000005494befe3ce72a2ca0001fe0ed0c55b42f8c358f000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000836d54c 1) "transfer(address,uint256)" 0x5494befe3CE72A2CA0001fE0Ed0C55B42F8c358f 137811276 [1.378e8] ### 计算 `transferFrom(address,address,uint256)` 函数的 Keccak-256 哈希（即函数选择器） cast keccak 'transferFrom(address,address,uint256)' 0x23b872dd7302113369cda2901243429419bec145408fa8b352b3dd92b66c680b ### 获取 `transferFrom(address,address,uint256)` 函数的 **4字节函数选择器**（function selector） cast sig "transferFrom(address,address,uint256)" 0x23b872dd ### 查询交易 `0x2258` 的收据信息 cast receipt 0x225853c513c75a4276979841a480ad1856bc649c496c16765107cb5d62d1def7 blockHash 0x3da09c83e6beee5b50540a0fd330a1b3c5f7528bc8f5be43ef1c7fd6df6851fa blockNumber 21915751 contractAddress cumulativeGasUsed 6566577 effectiveGasPrice 2679745233 from 0x28C6c06298d514Db089934071355E5743bf21d60 gasUsed 62272 logs [{"address":"0xa0b86991c6218b36c1d19d4a2e9eb0ce3606eb48","topics":["0xddf252ad1be2c89b69c2b068fc378daa952ba7f163c4a11628f55a4df523b3ef","0x00000000000000000000000028c6c06298d514db089934071355e5743bf21d60","0x000000000000000000000000c1af05a7a4f27cd1b61de823ea31ab5049b38ea8"],"data":"0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000de5eaacc5","blockHash":"0x3da09c83e6beee5b50540a0fd330a1b3c5f7528bc8f5be43ef1c7fd6df6851fa","blockNumber":"0x14e6867","blockTimestamp":"0x67bc518f","transactionHash":"0x225853c513c75a4276979841a480ad1856bc649c496c16765107cb5d62d1def7","transactionIndex":"0x15","logIndex":"0xc3","removed":false}] logsBloom 0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000800000000000000a000008000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000002000010000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000010008000000000000000000000000000000200000000000000000000000000000000000000000020000000000000002000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 root status 1 (success) transactionHash 0x225853c513c75a4276979841a480ad1856bc649c496c16765107cb5d62d1def7 transactionIndex 21 type 2 blobGasPrice blobGasUsed to 0xA0b86991c6218b36c1d19D4a2e9Eb0cE3606eB48 ### 获取交易 `0x2258` 的事件日志（logs） cast receipt 0x225853c513c75a4276979841a480ad1856bc649c496c16765107cb5d62d1def7 logs [ address: 0xA0b86991c6218b36c1d19D4a2e9Eb0cE3606eB48 blockHash: 0x3da09c83e6beee5b50540a0fd330a1b3c5f7528bc8f5be43ef1c7fd6df6851fa blockNumber: 21915751 data: 0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000de5eaacc5 logIndex: 195 removed: false topics: [ 0xddf252ad1be2c89b69c2b068fc378daa952ba7f163c4a11628f55a4df523b3ef 0x00000000000000000000000028c6c06298d514db089934071355e5743bf21d60 0x000000000000000000000000c1af05a7a4f27cd1b61de823ea31ab5049b38ea8 ] transactionHash: 0x225853c513c75a4276979841a480ad1856bc649c496c16765107cb5d62d1def7 transactionIndex: 21 ] ### 解码事件签名哈希 # cast 4byte-event cast 4byte-event 0xddf252ad1be2c89b69c2b068fc378daa952ba7f163c4a11628f55a4df523b3ef Transfer(address,address,uint256) ### **调试/模拟执行**交易 # Run 调用栈 blocksec tenderly cast run 0x225853c513c75a4276979841a480ad1856bc649c496c16765107cb5d62d1def7 Executing previous transactions from the block. Traces: [40652] 0xA0b86991c6218b36c1d19D4a2e9Eb0cE3606eB48::transfer(0xc1AF05a7A4F27Cd1b61De823EA31aB5049b38eA8, 59691936965 [5.969e10]) ├─ [33363] 0x43506849D7C04F9138D1A2050bbF3A0c054402dd::transfer(0xc1AF05a7A4F27Cd1b61De823EA31aB5049b38eA8, 59691936965 [5.969e10]) [delegatecall] │ ├─ emit Transfer(param0: 0x28C6c06298d514Db089934071355E5743bf21d60, param1: 0xc1AF05a7A4F27Cd1b61De823EA31aB5049b38eA8, param2: 59691936965 [5.969e10]) │ └─ ← [Return] 0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001 └─ ← [Return] 0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001 Transaction successfully executed. Gas used: 62272 总结 -- Foundry 的 cast 命令为 Web3 开发者提供了从查询到调试的全面工具支持，显著提升了以太坊区块链开发的效率。本文通过实战案例展示了其在区块查询、交易分析和事件日志解析中的实用功能，为开发者深入理解智能合约提供了清晰指引。在 Web3 开发的大潮中，掌握 Foundry 将助你事半功倍。快来结合参考资源动手实践，开启你的 Web3 开发新篇章！ 参考 -- * * [https://soliditylang.org/](https://soliditylang.org/) * [https://solidity-by-example.org/](https://solidity-by-example.org/) * [https://docs.soliditylang.org/en/latest/](https://docs.soliditylang.org/en/latest/) * [https://book.getfoundry.sh/](https://book.getfoundry.sh/) --- *Originally published on [Paxon](https://paragraph.com/@paxon-2/web3-foundry)*