# 使用Hardhat與Infura部署合約 

By [weippig](https://paragraph.com/@weippig) · 2022-05-08

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原文發佈在[個人網站](https://weippig.com/2022/05/07/hardhat-infura.html)

小試身手
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1.Retrieve the Current Block Number

    curl [https://mainnet.infura.io/v3/](https://mainnet.infura.io/v3/YOUR-PROJECT-ID)YOUR_PROJECT_ID \
    -X POST \
    -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
    -d '{"jsonrpc":"2.0","method":"eth_blockNumber","params": [],"id":1}'
    

回傳了以十六進制表示的block number：`{"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":1,"result":"0xdf9bca"}`

2.Check the Ether Balance For a Given Contract

    curl [https://rinkeby.infura.io/v3/](https://mainnet.infura.io/v3/YOUR-PROJECT-ID)YOUR_PROJECT_ID \
    -X POST \
    -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
    -d '{"jsonrpc":"2.0","method":"eth_getBalance","params": ["0xBf4eD7b27F1d666546E30D74d50d173d20bca754", "latest"],"id":1}'
    

回傳`{"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":1,"result":"0x159fa21f4e8b7e715de0"}` ，result中的字串代表合約的balance，單位是_wei_，一個_Ether_約等於10¹⁸ _wei_。

* * *

建立交易看看吧
-------

1.建立Ethereum帳號(可使用例如metamask) 2.建資料夾立然後進入

    mkdir sendTransaction
    cd sendTransaction
    

3.安裝需要的packages

    npm install web3
    npm install dotenv --save
    

_💡 \`dotenv\` package用來讓使用者建立.env檔案、安全地存放本地環境變數。_

4.建立`.env`檔案，內容：

    ETHEREUM_NETWORK = "rinkeby"
    INFURA_PROJECT_ID = "<Project-ID>"
    SIGNER_PRIVATE_KEY = "<Private-Key>"
    

*   `<Project-ID>` 在infura dashboard→setting 內可以找到
    
*   `<Private-Key>` 以太坊帳號私鑰，導出metamask私鑰可看[這篇](https://metamask.zendesk.com/hc/en-us/articles/360015289632-How-to-Export-an-Account-Private-Key)
    
*   ETHEREUM\_NETWORK 因自己在哪個網路而異，不一定是rinkeby
    

5.建立`send.js`檔案，內容：

    const Web3 = require("web3");
    
    async function main() {
      // Configuring the connection to an Ethereum node
      const network = process.env.ETHEREUM_NETWORK;
      const web3 = new Web3(
        new Web3.providers.HttpProvider(
          `https://${network}.infura.io/v3/${process.env.INFURA_PROJECT_ID}`
        )
      );
      // Creating a signing account from a private key
      const signer = web3.eth.accounts.privateKeyToAccount(
        process.env.SIGNER_PRIVATE_KEY
      );
      web3.eth.accounts.wallet.add(signer);
      // Creating the transaction object
      const tx = {
        from: signer.address,
        to: "0xAED01C776d98303eE080D25A21f0a42D94a86D9c",
        value: web3.utils.toWei("0.001"),
      };
      // Assigning the right amount of gas
      tx.gas = await web3.eth.estimateGas(tx);
    
      // Sending the transaction to the network
      const receipt = await web3.eth
        .sendTransaction(tx)
        .once("transactionHash", (txhash) => {
          console.log(`Mining transaction ...`);
          console.log(`https://${network}.etherscan.io/tx/${txhash}`);
        });
      // The transaction is now on chain!
      console.log(`Mined in block ${receipt.blockNumber}`);
    }
    
    require("dotenv").config();
    main();
    

6.執行

7.可到輸出結果第二行的網址查看細節

![](https://storage.googleapis.com/papyrus_images/8f3ab889bc03dcecfa5eada3a3e3973ce0104335229fc87a4cde0dde74a8517e.png)

* * *

結合Hardhat部署合約到測試鏈上吧
-------------------

* * *

### 前置作業

1.安裝Hardhat

    npm install --save-dev hardhat
    

2.建立資料夾並進入

    mkdir infura_project
    cd infura_project
    

3.建立Hardhat project，選擇第一個 _Create a basic sample project_

![](https://storage.googleapis.com/papyrus_images/ce93d988de238c2237dc8daba1979da4cdd91312fb36e8f649dffd55afa6cde3.png)

4.MacOS的環境下，可以使用 `tree -L 1` 指令印出第一層資料夾樹狀結構，沒有安裝過`tree`的話，可透過 `brew install tree` 安裝

![](https://storage.googleapis.com/papyrus_images/c706864565a2945c678d50ea25031bc3b486b811c8bf0b768b4424aeddc41130.png)

* * *

### 撰寫合約與測試

1.將contract資料夾底下的`Greeter.sol`改名為`Demo.sol`，替換程式碼內容為：

    //SPDX-License-Identifier: Unlicense
    pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
    
    import "@openzeppelin/contracts/access/Ownable.sol";
    
    contract Demo is Ownable{
        uint256 private _value = 0;
        event ValueChanged(uint256 value);
    
        function store(uint256 value) public onlyOwner {
            _value = value;
            emit ValueChanged(value);
        }
    
        function retrieve() public view returns (uint256) {
            return _value;
        }
    }
    

2.合約需要用到openzepplin的Ownable.sol，使用指令安裝@openzeppelin/contracts

    npm install @openzeppelin/contracts
    

3.編譯合約看看

會列印出 _Compiled 3 Solidity files successfully_，資料夾目錄底下多出`artifacts`和`cache`兩個資料夾

4.將test資料夾底下的`sample-test.js` 改名為`Demo.test.ts`，內容為：

    import { expect } from 'chai'
    import { ethers } from 'hardhat'
    
    // Start test block
    describe('Demo', function () {
      before(async function () {
        this.Demo = await ethers.getContractFactory('Demo')
      })
    
      beforeEach(async function () {
        this.demo = await this.Demo.deploy()
        await this.demo.deployed()
      })
    
      // Test case
      it('retrieve returns a value previously stored', async function () {
        // Store a value
        await this.demo.store(42)
    
        // Test if the returned value is the same one
        // Note that we need to use strings to compare the 256 bit integers
        expect((await this.demo.retrieve()).toString()).to.equal('42')
      })
    })
    

這時候會報錯，這是因為我們接下來會用typescript進行開發，需要更改package.json內容：

    {
      "name": "hardhat-project",
      "devDependencies": {
        "@nomiclabs/hardhat-ethers": "^2.0.5",
        "@nomiclabs/hardhat-waffle": "^2.0.3",
        "@types/chai": "^4.3.1",
        "@types/mocha": "^9.1.1",
        "@types/node": "^17.0.27",
        "chai": "^4.3.6",
        "dotenv": "^16.0.0",
        "ethereum-waffle": "^3.4.4",
        "ethers": "^5.6.4",
        "hardhat": "^2.9.3",
        "mocha": "^9.2.2",
        "solc": "^0.8.13",
        "ts-node": "^10.7.0",
        "typescript": "^4.6.3",
        "web3": "^1.7.3"
      },
      "dependencies": {
        "@openzeppelin/contracts": "^4.5.0",
        "@typechain/hardhat": "^6.0.0"
      }
    }
    

再執行一次 `npm install` ，回到`Demo.test.ts`就看不到紅字了！

5.更改`hardhat.config.js`成`.ts`，檔頭`require("@nomiclabs/hardhat-waffle");` 改為

    import { task } from "hardhat/config";
    import "@nomiclabs/hardhat-waffle";
    import "@nomiclabs/hardhat-ethers";
    

6.添加`tsconfig.json`檔案

    {
      "compilerOptions": {
        "target": "ES2017",
        "module": "commonjs",
        "declaration": true,
        "declarationMap": true,
        "sourceMap": true,
        "outDir": "./dist",
        "strict": true,
        "rootDirs": ["./src", "./scripts", "./test"],
        "esModuleInterop": true
      },
      "exclude": ["dist", "node_modules"],
      "include": ["./test", "./src", "./scripts"],
      "files": ["./hardhat.config.ts"]
    }
    

7.使用 `npx hardhat test` 指令進行測試，順利的話，最後會出現 1 passing

* * *

### 撰寫腳本進行部署

1.將scripts資料夾下的`sample-scripts.js`更改為`deploy.ts`，內容為：

    import { ethers } from "hardhat";
    
    async function main() {
      const [deployer] = await ethers.getSigners(); //get the account to deploy the contract
    
      console.log("Deploying contracts with the account:", deployer.address); 
    
      const Demo = await ethers.getContractFactory("Demo"); // Getting the Contract
      const demo = await Demo.deploy(); //deploying the contract
    
      await demo.deployed(); // waiting for the contract to be deployed
    
      console.log("Demo deployed to:", demo.address); // Returning the contract address on the rinkeby
    }
    
    main()
      .then(() => process.exit(0))
      .catch((error) => {
        console.error(error);
        process.exit(1);
      }); // Calling the function to deploy the contract
    

2.在`hardhat.config.ts`中配置網路，添加在`solidity: "0.8.4"`後面

    export default {
      solidity: "0.8.4",
      defaultNetwork: "rinkeby",
      networks: {
        hardhat: {
        },
        rinkeby: {
          url: "https://rinkeby.infura.io/v3/YOUR_PROJECT_ID", //Infura url with projectId
          accounts: ["YOUR_ACCOUNT_PRIVATE_KEY"] // add the account that will deploy the contract (pay gas fee)
        }
      },
    

3.執行指令 `TS_NODE_FILES=true ts-node scripts/deploy.ts` ，如果是使用測試鏈，可能需要等待比較久的時間，成功後應該會看到結果：

![](https://storage.googleapis.com/papyrus_images/e1c2302f9db0b9fa72b96c995f4e523eb021e58ae9a51e7f194bbfe9711a5f55.png)

上面是部署合約、支付gas fee的帳號，下面是合約地址，把合約地址複製起來，去Etherscan看看：

![](https://storage.googleapis.com/papyrus_images/29e1bc72f8996a64ff9d2478692d61a233117cc3856870ba7910f2b25ba0a258.png)

4.在scrips資料夾底下建立叫做`storeAndRetrieve.ts`的新檔案，測試剛剛部署好的合約的兩個function，`store()`和`retrieve()`

    import { ethers } from "hardhat";
    
    async function main () {
        const accounts = await ethers.provider.listAccounts();
    
        const address = 'YOUR_CONTRACT_ADDRESS';
        const Demo = await ethers.getContractFactory('Demo');
        const demo = await Demo.attach(address);
    
        // Call the retrieve() function of the deployed Box contract
        let value = await demo.retrieve();
        console.log('demo value is', value.toString());
    }
      
    main()
      .then(() => process.exit(0))
      .catch(error => {
      console.error(error);
      process.exit(1);
      });
    

5.使用 `TS_NODE_FILES=true ts-node scripts/storeAndRetrieve.ts` 指令執行，會呼叫合約中的`retrieve()`，印出\_value原始的值0。

### 監聽合約事件

1.在主目錄底下建立src資料夾，裡面建立一個做`eventListener.ts`的檔案

    import { ethers } from 'hardhat'
    
    async function listenEvent () {
      const address = 'YOUR_CONTRACT_ADDRESS'
      const Demo = await ethers.getContractFactory('Demo')
      const demo = await Demo.attach(address)
    
      demo.on('ValueChanged', async (event: any) => {
        console.log(event)
      })
    }
    
    listenEvent()
    

2.修改storeAndRetrieve.ts，在`let value = await demo.retrieve();` 前面加上三行，代表呼叫合約中的`store(uint value)`，並變更`_value`的值成100

    // Send a transaction to store() a new value
        let storeValue = await demo.store(100);
        await storeValue.wait();
    

3.執行指令 `TS_NODE_FILES=true ts-node src/eventListener.ts` 持續監聽合約內的事件 `ValueChanged`

4.在新的terminal分頁執行 `TS_NODE_FILES=true ts-node scripts/storeAndRetrieve.ts`

5.過了一陣子，回到剛剛執行`eventListener.ts`的地方，因為呼叫store function來存入100，觸發了事件`ValueChanged`，合約監聽器會印出BigNumber { value: “100” }

6.可以回到Etherscan做確認，應該會看到兩筆交易，兩筆事件

![](https://storage.googleapis.com/papyrus_images/41e53e29bc9144b13f03e951e2fa08f8c68e976fcd72502848683c07b31a4cfb.png)

![](https://storage.googleapis.com/papyrus_images/6932045e2c3b158f52182f1f7c1655d2f3a0229d36c1c7159b1b9461c6c7f9ce.png)

資料來源：

*   [Getting Started With Infura](https://blog.infura.io/getting-started-with-infura-28e41844cc89/)
    
*   [Deploying and interacting with smart contracts](https://docs.openzeppelin.com/learn/deploying-and-interacting#calling-the-contract)
    
*   [Hardhat-typescript](https://hardhat.org/guides/typescript.html)

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*Originally published on [weippig](https://paragraph.com/@weippig/hardhat-infura)*