# Solidity极简入门: 27. ABI编码解码

**Published by:** [0xAA](https://paragraph.com/@wtfacademy/)
**Published on:** 2022-05-20
**URL:** https://paragraph.com/@wtfacademy/solidity-27-abi

## Content

我最近在重新学solidity，巩固一下细节，也写一个“Solidity极简入门”，供小白们使用（编程大佬可以另找教程），每周更新1-3讲。 欢迎关注我的推特：@0xAA_Science WTF技术社群discord，内有加微信群方法：链接 所有代码和教程开源在github（1024个star发课程认证，2048个star发社群NFT）: github.com/AmazingAng/WTFSolidityABI (Application Binary Interface，应用二进制接口)是与以太坊智能合约交互的标准。数据基于他们的类型编码；并且由于编码后不包含类型信息，解码时需要注明它们的类型。 Solidity中，ABI编码有4个函数：abi.encode, abi.encodePacked, abi.encodeWithSignature, abi.encodeWithSelector。而ABI解码有1个函数：abi.decode，用于解码abi.encode的数据。这一讲，我们将学习如何使用这些函数。ABI编码我们将用编码4个变量，他们的类型分别是uint256, address, string, uint256[2]： uint x = 10; address addr = 0x7A58c0Be72BE218B41C608b7Fe7C5bB630736C71; string name = "0xAA"; uint[2] array = [5, 6]; abi.encode将给定参数利用ABI规则编码。ABI被设计出来跟智能合约交互，他将每个参数转填充为32字节的数据，并拼接在一起。如果你要和合约交互，你要用的就是abi.encode。 function encode() public view returns(bytes memory result) { result = abi.encode(x, addr, name, array); } 编码的结果为0x000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000a0000000000000000000000007a58c0be72be218b41c608b7fe7c5bb630736c7100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000a00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000005000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000600000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000043078414100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000，由于abi.encode将每个数据都填充为32字节，中间有很多0。abi.encodePacked将给定参数根据其所需最低空间编码。它类似 abi.encode，但是会把其中填充的很多0省略。比如，只用1字节来编码uint类型。当你想省空间，并且不与合约交互的时候，可以使用abi.encodePacked，例如算一些数据的hash时。 function encodePacked() public view returns(bytes memory result) { result = abi.encodePacked(x, addr, name, array); } 编码的结果为0x000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000a7a58c0be72be218b41c608b7fe7c5bb630736c713078414100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000050000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000006，由于abi.encodePacked对编码进行了压缩，长度比abi.encode短很多。abi.encodeWithSignature与abi.encode功能类似，只不过第一个参数为函数签名，比如"foo(uint256,address)"。当调用其他合约的时候可以使用。 function encodeWithSignature() public view returns(bytes memory result) { result = abi.encodeWithSignature("foo(uint256,address,string,uint256[2])", x, addr, name, array); } 编码的结果为0xe87082f1000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000a0000000000000000000000007a58c0be72be218b41c608b7fe7c5bb630736c7100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000a00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000005000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000600000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000043078414100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000，等同于在abi.encode编码结果前加上了4字节的函数选择器。abi.encodeWithSelector与abi.encodeWithSignature功能类似，只不过第一个参数为函数选择器，为函数签名Keccak哈希的前4个字节。 function encodeWithSelector() public view returns(bytes memory result) { result = abi.encodeWithSelector(bytes4(keccak256("foo(uint256,address,string,uint256[2])")), x, addr, name, array); } 编码的结果为0xe87082f1000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000a0000000000000000000000007a58c0be72be218b41c608b7fe7c5bb630736c7100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000a00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000005000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000600000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000043078414100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000，与abi.encodeWithSignature结果一样。ABI解码abi.decodeabi.decode用于解码abi.encode生成的二进制编码，将它还原成原本的参数。 function decode(bytes memory data) public pure returns(uint dx, address daddr, string memory dname, uint[2] memory darray) { (dx, daddr, dname, darray) = abi.decode(data, (uint, address, string, uint[2])); } 我们将abi.encode的二进制编码输入给decode，将解码出原来的参数：abi.decode解码字节码总结在以太坊中，数据必须编码成字节码才能和智能合约交互。这一讲，我们介绍了4种abi编码方法和1种abi解码方法。

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