<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<rss version="2.0" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:content="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/content/">
    <channel>
        <title>Untitled</title>
        <link>https://paragraph.com/@0x25dfd4cbd2c6e49aa16c861150fed2829a42f53e</link>
        <description>undefined</description>
        <lastBuildDate>Wed, 05 Aug 2026 15:43:26 GMT</lastBuildDate>
        <docs>https://validator.w3.org/feed/docs/rss2.html</docs>
        <generator>https://github.com/jpmonette/feed</generator>
        <language>en</language>
        <copyright>All rights reserved</copyright>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Understanding Cryptocurrency: A Beginner's Guide
Introduction to digital currencies, their basic principles, and functionalities.

The History and Evolution of Cryptocurrency
A timeline from Bitcoin's creation to the diverse crypto ecosystem of today.

Bitcoin vs. Altcoins: Exploring the Key Differences
Comparing Bitcoin, the original cryptocurrency, with other alternative coins.

How to Buy Your First Cryptocurrency: Step-by-Step Guide
A tutorial on acquiring your first digital coin through exchanges, wallets, and safe storage.

The Role of Blockchain Technology in Cryptocurrency
Unraveling the importance of decentralized ledger systems in underpinning digital currencies.]]></title>
            <link>https://paragraph.com/@0x25dfd4cbd2c6e49aa16c861150fed2829a42f53e/understanding-cryptocurrency-a-beginner-s-guide-introduction-to-digital-currencies-their-basic-principles-and-functionalities-the-history-and-evolution-of-cryptocurrency-a-timeline-from-bitcoin-s-creation-to-the-diverse-crypto-ecosystem-of-today-bitcoin-vs</link>
            <guid>kSukMkY33sJ9NFXNiS2K</guid>
            <pubDate>Thu, 26 Oct 2023 07:59:59 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[UndersThe History and Evolution of CryptocurrencyA timeline from Bitcoin&apos;s creation to the diversHow to Buy Your First Cryptocurrency: Step-by-Step GuideA tutorial on acquiring your first digital coin through exchanges, wallets, and safe storage.The Role of Blockchain Technology in CryptocurrencyUnraveling the importance of decentralized ledger systems in underpinning digital currencies.]]></description>
            <content:encoded><![CDATA[<ol><li><p><strong>Unders</strong></p></li><li><p><strong>The History and Evolution of Cryptocurrency</strong>A timeline from Bitcoin&apos;s creation to the divers</p></li><li><p><strong>How to Buy Your First Cryptocurrency: Step-by-Step Guide</strong>A tutorial on acquiring your first digital coin through exchanges, wallets, and safe storage.</p></li><li><p><strong>The Role of Blockchain Technology in Cryptocurrency</strong>Unraveling the importance of decentralized ledger systems in underpinning digital currencies.</p></li></ol>]]></content:encoded>
            <author>0x25dfd4cbd2c6e49aa16c861150fed2829a42f53e@newsletter.paragraph.com (Untitled)</author>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Cryptocurrency Exchanges: Where to Trade Your Digital Assets

]]></title>
            <link>https://paragraph.com/@0x25dfd4cbd2c6e49aa16c861150fed2829a42f53e/cryptocurrency-exchanges-where-to-trade-your-digital-assets</link>
            <guid>S9DfPJShZEyzQydJkXQk</guid>
            <pubDate>Thu, 28 Sep 2023 13:23:44 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[An overview of cryptocurrency exchanges, platforms where users can trade various digital assets.]]></description>
            <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>An overview of cryptocurrency exchanges, platforms where users can trade various digital assets.</p>]]></content:encoded>
            <author>0x25dfd4cbd2c6e49aa16c861150fed2829a42f53e@newsletter.paragraph.com (Untitled)</author>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[The game of wealth transfer]]></title>
            <link>https://paragraph.com/@0x25dfd4cbd2c6e49aa16c861150fed2829a42f53e/the-game-of-wealth-transfer</link>
            <guid>JJ6LBBywx92vgL5gbYF3</guid>
            <pubDate>Thu, 24 Aug 2023 08:51:23 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[Within markets, there is often a game that investors from institutions such as banks and hedge funds play with amateur (retail) investors. The aim is to transfer retail investors’ wealth to these institutions. This is particularly easy in an unregulated market like bitcoin, because it is easier for institutions to manipulate prices. They can also talk up (or talk down) prices to stir up retail investors’ emotions, and get them to buy at the top and sell at the bottom. This “traps” the irratio...]]></description>
            <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Within markets, there is often a game that investors from institutions such as banks and hedge funds play with amateur (retail) investors. The aim is to transfer retail investors’ wealth to these institutions.</p><p>This is particularly easy in an unregulated market like bitcoin, because it is easier for institutions to manipulate prices. They can also talk up (or talk down) prices to stir up retail investors’ emotions, and get them to buy at the top and sell at the bottom. This “traps” the irrational investors who buy at higher prices, transferring wealth by giving the institutions an opportunity to convert their holdings into cash.</p><p>It therefore makes sense to compare how the retail and institutional investors have been behaving lately. The following charts compare those crypto wallet addresses that hold 1 BTC or more (mostly retail investors) with those holding upwards of 1,000 BTC (institutional investors). In all three charts, the black line is the bitcoin price and the orange line is the number of wallets in that category.</p><p><strong>Retail investor behaviour</strong></p><p><strong>Institutional investor behaviour pt 1</strong></p><p>This chart shows all wallets that hold at least 1,000 BTC. <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out" href="https://glassnode.com/">Glassnode</a></p><p><strong>Institutional investor behaviour pt 2</strong></p><p>This chart shows all wallets that hold at least 10,000 BTC. <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out" href="https://glassnode.com/">Glassnode</a></p><p>This shows that since the <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out" href="https://theconversation.com/i-thought-crypto-exchanges-were-safe-the-lesson-in-ftxs-collapse-195800">FTX scandal</a> back in November, which led to the world’s second-largest crypto exchange collapse, retail investors have been buying bitcoin aggressively, resulting in the highest number of addresses holding at least one BTC ever. On the other hand, the biggest institutional investors have been offloading.</p>]]></content:encoded>
            <author>0x25dfd4cbd2c6e49aa16c861150fed2829a42f53e@newsletter.paragraph.com (Untitled)</author>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[KJ-52 chronology]]></title>
            <link>https://paragraph.com/@0x25dfd4cbd2c6e49aa16c861150fed2829a42f53e/kj-52-chronology</link>
            <guid>FXLl3kMnm1YoT6QuxF5p</guid>
            <pubDate>Fri, 14 Apr 2023 11:37:57 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[Mental marks the ninth album from KJ-52. The Paradigm Collective released the project on October 21, 2014. He produced the album with Solomon Olds. Mental is KJ-52&apos;s ninth album and the follow-up to 2012&apos;s Dangerous.MusicCCM Magazine, "Backed by killer beats, fashionable electronics and in-vogue vocals, KJ pits his sophisticated wordplay against current cultural issues to press out a perseverant scriptural message for all people."[1] Jesus Freak Hideout, "Mental does not really soun...]]></description>
            <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><strong><em>Mental</em></strong> marks the ninth album from <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KJ-52">KJ-52</a>. The Paradigm Collective released the project on October 21, 2014. He produced the album with Solomon Olds. <em>Mental</em> is KJ-52&apos;s ninth album and the follow-up to 2012&apos;s <em>Dangerous</em>.</p><h2 id="h-music" class="text-3xl font-header !mt-8 !mb-4 first:!mt-0 first:!mb-0">Music</h2><p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CCM_Magazine"><em>CCM Magazine</em></a>, &quot;Backed by killer beats, fashionable electronics and in-vogue vocals, KJ pits his sophisticated wordplay against current cultural issues to press out a perseverant scriptural message for all people.&quot;<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mental_(album)#cite_note-CCM-1">[1]</a> Jesus Freak Hideout, &quot;<em>Mental</em> does not really sound like something I would have expected KJ to make, and it is way too easy to pin him as simply trying to morph his sound into a mold that sells better, but it would be unfair to the quality of <em>Mental</em> to do so.&quot;<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mental_(album)#cite_note-JFH-2">[2]</a> New Release Tuesday, &quot;This new KJ is no less about fun, but he has added an aggressive maturity to his music.&quot;<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mental_(album)#cite_note-NRT-3">[3]</a> Indie Vision Music, &quot;With Lecrae (by way of remix), Tedashii, KB, Propaganda, and Flame all showing up, <em>Mental</em> feels as much like a Reach Records or 116 clique album as it does a new KJ-52 joint. But, add in gratuitous use of former Family Force 5-er Soul Glo Activatur, as well as guys like Social Club and SPZRKT and a bold new experience takes shape.&quot;<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mental_(album)#cite_note-IVM-4">[4]</a></p><h2 id="h-reception" class="text-3xl font-header !mt-8 !mb-4 first:!mt-0 first:!mb-0">Reception</h2><p>Professional ratingsReview scoresSourceRating*<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CCM_Magazine">CCM Magazine</a>*<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mental_(album)#cite_note-CCM-1">[1]</a>Christian Music Review4.2/5<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mental_(album)#cite_note-CMR-5">[5]</a>Christian Review Magazine<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mental_(album)#cite_note-CRM-6">[6]</a>Indie Vision Music<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mental_(album)#cite_note-IVM-4">[4]</a>Jesus Freak Hideout<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mental_(album)#cite_note-JFH-2">[2]</a> <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mental_(album)#cite_note-JFH_Second-7">[7]</a>Jesus Wired<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mental_(album)#cite_note-JW-8">[8]</a>New Release Tuesday<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mental_(album)#cite_note-NRT-3">[3]</a></p><p>Specifying in a four star out of five review by <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CCM_Magazine"><em>CCM Magazine</em></a>, Andrew Greer recognizes, &quot;the multi-Dove Award-winning wordsmith poises his ninth recording for the ultimate spiritual confrontation.&quot;<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mental_(album)#cite_note-CCM-1">[1]</a> Mark Rice, agrees it is a four-star album for Jesus Freak Hideout, responds, &quot;it is safe to call <em>Mental</em> one more step in the evolution of Mister Five-Tweezey, and a good step at that.&quot;<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mental_(album)#cite_note-JFH-2">[2]</a> Signaling in another four star review from New Release Tuesday, Mark Ryan realizes, &quot;Call it Spiritual or artistic maturity if you like, I will just call it a new attitude and a new passion ignited.&quot;<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mental_(album)#cite_note-NRT-3">[3]</a> Lee Brown, indicating it is a four star project from Indie Vision Music, replies, &quot;<em>Mental</em> brings five absolutely amazing tracks to the table, along with a couple remixes and one track that is ok, but doesn&apos;t hold its own against the weight of the rest.&quot;<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mental_(album)#cite_note-IVM-4">[4]</a> Rating the album a 4.2 out of five for Christian Music Review, Jay Heilman says, &quot;<em>Mental</em> is a great album and gives us another reason to get behind today&apos;s Christian hip-hop, which continues to pick up momentum while putting Christ atop their messages.&quot;<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mental_(album)#cite_note-CMR-5">[5]</a> Maddy Agers, awarding the album ten stars at Jesus Wired, writes, &quot;It&apos;s new, it&apos;s real, and it&apos;s amazing.&quot;<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mental_(album)#cite_note-JW-8">[8]</a> Rating the album four stars for Christian Review Magazine, Leah St. John states, the album is a progression of his &quot;sound&quot;.<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mental_(album)#cite_note-CRM-6">[6]</a></p>]]></content:encoded>
            <author>0x25dfd4cbd2c6e49aa16c861150fed2829a42f53e@newsletter.paragraph.com (Untitled)</author>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[psychological-action]]></title>
            <link>https://paragraph.com/@0x25dfd4cbd2c6e49aa16c861150fed2829a42f53e/psychological-action</link>
            <guid>aubirtvRELSRv9IRrQFe</guid>
            <pubDate>Fri, 14 Apr 2023 11:35:02 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[Mental known as Rana Pagla: The Mental, is a 2016 Bangladeshi psychological-action thriller film featuring Shakib Khan, Nusrat Imrose Tisha with Achol, Misha Sawdagor, Shiba Shanu, Don and Shimul Khan in supporting roles.[1] The film is directed by debutant Shamim Ahamed Roni with a screenplay written by Abdullah Zahir and Daud Hussein. The film is produced by Saiful Alam Chowdhury( Parvez) under the banner of Banglaxpress Films.[2] The first theatrical look of the film was revealed on 1 Febr...]]></description>
            <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><strong><em>Mental</em></strong> known as <strong><em>Rana Pagla: The Mental</em></strong>, is a 2016 Bangladeshi psychological-action thriller film featuring <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shakib_Khan">Shakib Khan</a>, <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nusrat_Imrose_Tisha">Nusrat Imrose Tisha</a> with <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Achol">Achol</a>, <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Misha_Sawdagor">Misha Sawdagor</a>, <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shiba_Shanu">Shiba Shanu</a>, Don and <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shimul_Khan&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1">Shimul Khan</a> in supporting roles.<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mental_(2016_film)#cite_note-1">[1]</a> The film is directed by debutant <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shamim_Ahamed_Roni">Shamim Ahamed Roni</a> with a screenplay written by Abdullah Zahir and Daud Hussein. The film is produced by Saiful Alam Chowdhury( Parvez) under the banner of Banglaxpress Films.<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mental_(2016_film)#cite_note-2">[2]</a></p><p>The first theatrical look of the film was revealed on 1 February 2015. The core plot of the movie was partially based on the 2013 Kannada movie <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bachchan_(2013_film)"><em>Bachchan</em></a> with coffee shop comedy sequences borrowed from 2013 Telugu movie <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balupu"><em>Balupu</em></a>. The film was released on <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eid_al-Fitr">Eid al-Fitr</a> of 7 July 2016.</p><h2 id="h-plot" class="text-3xl font-header !mt-8 !mb-4 first:!mt-0 first:!mb-0">Plot</h2><p>An underworld mafia steals valuable mineral resources and sell them over to international crime organization . Simi (<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nusrat_Imrose_Tisha">Nusrat Imrose Tisha</a>); a news reporter finds out and exposes the whole criminal chain to the media, despite all threats from them. An unknown, mysterious but affectionate and intimidating man comes up to help, The story revolves around revealing the true identity of him and his link to the Underworld.<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mental_(2016_film)#cite_note-3">[3]</a></p><p>Khan portrays the role of a generous businessman. Simi, portrayed by Tisha, is his love interest, and a crime news reporter. who is working on exposing corruptions of influential people of the society. Simi takes steps to fight the corrupt people, but soon realizes the influence of those men. Khan changes after a violent encounter in which his love interest, Simi was killed. The plot builds up around his quest to avenge the killing with aid of her research, in which she documents her encounter with her killers, who she planned to expose of corruption</p><h2 id="h-cast" class="text-3xl font-header !mt-8 !mb-4 first:!mt-0 first:!mb-0">Cast</h2><ul><li><p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shakib_Khan">Shakib Khan</a> as Shahriar Tanvir Rana</p></li><li><p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nusrat_Imrose_Tisha">Nusrat Imrose Tisha</a> as Simi, an news reporter</p></li><li><p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Achol">Achol</a> as Achol/Mehruba Siddiqui</p></li><li><p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Misha_Sawdagor">Misha Sawdagor</a></p></li><li><p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siraj_Haider">Siraj Haider</a></p></li><li><p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Amir_Siraji&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1">Amir Siraji</a></p></li><li><p>Don</p></li><li><p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shiba_Shanu">Shiba Shanu</a></p></li><li><p>Pervez Chowdhury</p></li><li><p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sanko_Panja&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1">Sanko Panja</a></p></li><li><p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=DJ_Shohel&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1">DJ Shohel</a></p></li><li><p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shimul_Khan&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1">Shimul Khan</a></p></li><li><p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kamal_Patekar&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1">Kamal Patekar</a></p></li><li><p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jadu_Azad&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1">Jadu Azad</a></p></li><li><p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afzal_Sharif">Afzal Sharif</a></p></li><li><p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subrata_(actor)">Subrata</a></p></li><li><p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rebeka_Rouf&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1">Rebeka Rouf</a></p></li><li><p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabila_(actor)">Kabila</a></p></li><li><p>Ratan Khan</p></li><li><p>Roman</p></li><li><p>Shiuly</p></li><li><p>Foysal</p></li><li><p>Pritha</p></li><li><p>Mahi</p></li><li><p>SA Haque Alik</p></li><li><p>Amir Fakir</p></li><li><p>Pavel</p></li><li><p>Rifat</p></li><li><p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Debashish_Biswas&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1">Debashish Biswas</a> as Special Appearance</p></li><li><p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moushumi_Hamid">Moushumi Hamid</a> as Special Appearance in the song <em>Khaina Jonab</em></p></li><li><p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sabrina_Porshi">Sabrina Porshi</a> as Special Appearance in the song <em>Mon Najehal</em></p></li></ul><h2 id="h-production" class="text-3xl font-header !mt-8 !mb-4 first:!mt-0 first:!mb-0">Production</h2><p>By early 2014, Bangladesh Express Films announced its production and were preparing for the shooting for the film. <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Abhi_Pictures&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1">The Abhi Pictures</a> picked up the distribution rights of the film. The shooting officially started in <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sylhet">Sylhet</a>, <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a> in September 2014.<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mental_(2016_film)#cite_note-4">[4]</a></p><h3 id="h-casting" class="text-2xl font-header !mt-6 !mb-4 first:!mt-0 first:!mb-0">Casting</h3><p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shakib_Khan">Shakib Khan</a> was the first to be roped for the film by director Shamim Ahamed Roni. However, the director has considered many actresses for the lead role but later finalized Tisha, Achol and Porshi for lead female roles.<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mental_(2016_film)#cite_note-5">[5]</a> The studio approached Porshi for the film to play the role of a musician while Tisha and Achol were roped to play news reporters.<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mental_(2016_film)#cite_note-6">[6]</a></p><h3 id="h-filming" class="text-2xl font-header !mt-6 !mb-4 first:!mt-0 first:!mb-0">Filming</h3><p>The official filming of <em>Mental</em> began in November 2014 in <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dhaka,_Bangladesh">Dhaka</a>. Scenes were filmed in Dhaka, and Sylhet while several scenes were filmed abroad.</p>]]></content:encoded>
            <author>0x25dfd4cbd2c6e49aa16c861150fed2829a42f53e@newsletter.paragraph.com (Untitled)</author>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Jai Ho]]></title>
            <link>https://paragraph.com/@0x25dfd4cbd2c6e49aa16c861150fed2829a42f53e/jai-ho</link>
            <guid>Ub0BBuSqsy9Z4CioBOF7</guid>
            <pubDate>Fri, 14 Apr 2023 11:33:39 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[Jai Ho (transl. Let there be Victory) is a 2014 Indian Hindi-language action drama directed by Sohail Khan, who also produced the film under the banner Sohail Khan Productions, and co-produced by Sunil Lulla of Eros International, which distributed the film. It stars Salman Khan, Tabu, Daisy Shah, Danny Denzongpa and Ali . It also features Sunil Shetty and Yogi babu in cameo appearances. The film is an official remake of the Telugu film Stalin (2006), directed by A. R. Murugadoss, which is al...]]></description>
            <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><strong><em>Jai Ho</em></strong> (transl. Let there be Victory) is a 2014 Indian <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindi">Hindi</a>-language <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_fiction">action drama</a> directed by <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sohail_Khan">Sohail Khan</a>, who also produced the film under the banner <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sohail_Khan">Sohail Khan Productions</a>, and co-produced by <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sunil_Lulla&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1">Sunil Lulla</a> of <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eros_International">Eros International</a>, which distributed the film. It stars <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salman_Khan">Salman Khan</a>, <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabu_(actress)">Tabu</a>, <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daisy_Shah">Daisy Shah</a>, <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danny_Denzongpa">Danny Denzongpa</a> and <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aditya_Pancholi">Ali</a> . It also features <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunil_Shetty">Sunil Shetty</a> and Yogi babu in cameo appearances.</p><p>The film is an official remake of the <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telugu_cinema">Telugu</a> film <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stalin_(2006_film)"><em>Stalin</em></a> (2006), directed by <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A._R._Murugadoss">A. R. Murugadoss</a>, which is also inspired from the <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theater_in_the_United_States">American-drama</a> film <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pay_It_Forward_(film)"><em>Pay It Forward</em></a>.</p><p><em>Jai Ho</em> was released on 24 January 2014, during the Republic Day weekend.<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jai_Ho_(film)#cite_note-4">[4]</a> It received mixed reviews from critics.<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jai_Ho_(film)#cite_note-5">[5]</a> However, the film grossed ₹195.04 crore (US$24 million) at the box office, becoming the <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Bollywood_films_of_2014">sixth highest grossing bollywood film of 2014</a></p><h2 id="h-plot" class="text-3xl font-header !mt-8 !mb-4 first:!mt-0 first:!mb-0">Plot</h2><p>Jai Agnihotri is an ex-army officer who is short-tempered and passionate about helping citizens and fighting criminals. He was a major in the <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Army">Indian Army</a>, but was suspended after he ignored orders from his superiors by rescuing a group of children from terrorists. After this incident, Jai moved in with his mother and sister Geeta.</p><p>One day, Jai is unable to help Suman, a physically disabled girl, take an examination while her brother was stuck in a traffic jam. A depressed Suman commits suicide. Jai is greatly disturbed by this incident. With Suman&apos;s death fresh in his mind, Jai creates a system that would encourage citizens to help each other. Each day, citizens are to help three people. These three people would in turn help three more people, and so on. Jai believes that this network would foster kindness and a sense of community among the citizens. His system, however, faces challenges.</p><p>On one occasion, for one of his daily good deeds, Jai loses his temper and beats a rich man who had injured a child beggar. In an act of revenge, the rich man calls some men to kidnap Geeta and her friend Rinky. Jai is able to save Geeta and Rinky, but injures one of the captors in the process, who happens to be the henchman of a member of the Legislative Assembly named Patil, the son-in-law of the Home Minister Dashrath Singh.</p><p>Dashrath is not happy that Jai has injured one of Patil&apos;s henchmen. He attempts to avenge this injury by kidnapping Jai&apos;s nephew Kabir. Dashrath, however, loses Patil out of Jai&apos;s rage in the process. Chief Minister Ashok Pradhan meanwhile finds out about Jai&apos;s system after his own life is saved by a schoolgirl performing her good deeds for the day. He decides to intervene in the dispute between Dashrath and Jai in an attempt to put an end to their fight. Dashrath, who does not appreciate this intervention, attempts to kill Ashok and frame Jai. However, Jai is able to save Ashok.</p><p>Dashrath spreads rumours that Jai had attempted to assassinate Ashok. Meanwhile, Dashrath&apos;s son and his hired men attack Jai, who kills Dashrath&apos;s son, but not before the latter is severely injured after getting stabbed by his sister and Patil&apos;s widow, Kavita and she gets stabbed and dies. A rickshaw driver and Jai&apos;s former colleague, Army Officer Arjun Kaul, together help Jai get to the hospital. While Jai is at the hospital, Ashok recovers and reveals that it was Dashrath and not Jai who was behind the attempted murder. An enraged crowd beats Dashrath to near death after hearing the truth.</p><p>Doctors are able to save Jai, who has survived, thanks to his own help-three-people concept. When Jai emerges from the hospital, he finds thousands of people waiting for him. Jai thanks them all for making his concept a success.</p><p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out" href="https://opensea.io/assets/0x82d6b59A7d8cA5523E4165a12018F1780984066d/2">https://opensea.io/assets/0x82d6b59A7d8cA5523E4165a12018F1780984066d/2</a></p>]]></content:encoded>
            <author>0x25dfd4cbd2c6e49aa16c861150fed2829a42f53e@newsletter.paragraph.com (Untitled)</author>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Mental breakdown ]]></title>
            <link>https://paragraph.com/@0x25dfd4cbd2c6e49aa16c861150fed2829a42f53e/mental-breakdown</link>
            <guid>m0hC2aD5EjB51d5ca7Wk</guid>
            <pubDate>Fri, 14 Apr 2023 11:27:10 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[Mental breakdown (also known as a nervous breakdown) is a non-medical term used to describe an acute, temporary, short phase of a disorder with features of depression or anxiety.[1]DefinitionThe terms &apos;nervous breakdown&apos; and &apos;mental breakdown&apos; are not formally defined in a diagnostic system such as the DSM-IV or ICD-10. The terms are not often used in the scientific literature on mental illness.[1][2] Specific cases are sometimes described as a &apos;breakdown&apos; only a...]]></description>
            <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><strong>Mental breakdown</strong> (also known as a <strong>nervous breakdown</strong>) is a non-<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out" href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical">medical</a> term used to describe an acute, temporary, short phase of a disorder with features of <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out" href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clinical_depression">depression</a> or <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out" href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anxiety">anxiety</a>.<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out" href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mental_breakdown#cite_note-Rapport-1">[1]</a></p><h2 id="h-definition" class="text-3xl font-header !mt-8 !mb-4 first:!mt-0 first:!mb-0">Definition</h2><p>The terms &apos;nervous breakdown&apos; and &apos;mental breakdown&apos; are not formally defined in a diagnostic system such as the <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out" href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=DSM-IV&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1">DSM-IV</a> or <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out" href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/ICD-10">ICD-10</a>. The terms are not often used in the scientific literature on mental illness.<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out" href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mental_breakdown#cite_note-Rapport-1">[1]</a><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out" href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mental_breakdown#cite_note-Mayo-2">[2]</a></p><p>Specific cases are sometimes described as a &apos;breakdown&apos; only after a person cannot function in day-to-day life. It is a temporary condition. <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out" href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mental_breakdown#cite_note-3">[3]</a></p><h2 id="h-causes" class="text-3xl font-header !mt-8 !mb-4 first:!mt-0 first:!mb-0">Causes</h2><p>Different things can cause a mental breakdown. A study found that problems with intimate relationships, such as <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out" href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Divorce">divorce</a> or <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out" href="https://simple.wiktionary.org/wiki/separate">separation</a>, contributed to 24% of nervous breakdowns.<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out" href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mental_breakdown#cite_note-Swindle-4">[4]</a> Problems at work and school accounted for 17% of cases, and <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out" href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Financial">financial</a> problems for 11%. Surveys suggest that in the <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out" href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States">United States</a>, health problems have decreased in importance as a contributor to nervous breakdowns, as these accounted for 28% of nervous breakdowns in 1957, 12% in 1976, and only 5.6% in 1996.<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out" href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mental_breakdown#cite_note-Swindle-4">[4]</a></p><p>In themselves, nervous breakdowns are considered a &apos;health problem&apos; by most professionals.<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out" href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mental_breakdown#cite_note-5">[5]</a></p><p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out" href="https://opensea.io/assets/0x82d6b59A7d8cA5523E4165a12018F1780984066d/1">https://opensea.io/assets/0x82d6b59A7d8cA5523E4165a12018F1780984066d/1</a></p>]]></content:encoded>
            <author>0x25dfd4cbd2c6e49aa16c861150fed2829a42f53e@newsletter.paragraph.com (Untitled)</author>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Yin and yang]]></title>
            <link>https://paragraph.com/@0x25dfd4cbd2c6e49aa16c861150fed2829a42f53e/yin-and-yang</link>
            <guid>esEVDGU70S9isWOhpjJR</guid>
            <pubDate>Fri, 14 Apr 2023 11:17:09 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[Yin and yang (/jɪn/ and /jæŋ/) is a Chinese philosophical concept that describes opposite but interconnected forces. In Chinese cosmology, the universe creates itself out of a primary chaos of material energy, organized into the cycles of yin and yang and formed into objects and lives. Yin is the receptive and yang the active principle, seen in all forms of change and difference such as the annual cycle (winter and summer), the landscape (north-facing shade and south-facing brightness), sexua...]]></description>
            <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><strong>Yin and yang</strong> (<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA/English">/jɪn/</a> and <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA/English">/jæŋ/</a>) is a <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_philosophy">Chinese philosophical</a> concept that describes opposite but interconnected forces. In Chinese cosmology, the universe creates itself out of a primary chaos of material energy, organized into the cycles of yin and yang and formed into objects and lives. Yin is the receptive and yang the active principle, seen in all forms of change and difference such as the annual cycle (winter and summer), the landscape (north-facing shade and south-facing brightness), sexual coupling (female and male), the formation of both men and women as characters and sociopolitical history (disorder and order).<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yin_and_yang#cite_note-1">[1]</a></p><p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taiji_(philosophy)">Taiji</a> or tai chi (simplified Chinese: 太极; traditional Chinese: 太極; pinyin: <em>tàijí</em>; lit. &apos;great pole&apos;) is a Chinese cosmological term for the &quot;Supreme Ultimate&quot; state of undifferentiated absolute and infinite potential, the oneness before duality, from which yin and yang originate. It can be compared with the old <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wuji_(philosophy)"><em>wuji</em></a> (無極, &quot;without pole&quot;). In the cosmology pertaining to yin and yang, the material energy which this universe was created from is known as <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qi"><em>qi</em></a>. It is believed that the organization of qi in this cosmology of yin and yang has formed many things.<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yin_and_yang#cite_note-2">[2]</a> Included among these forms are humans. Many natural <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dualistic_cosmology">dualities</a> (such as <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light_and_dark">light and dark</a>, fire and water, expanding and contracting) are thought of as physical manifestations of the duality symbolized by yin and yang. This duality lies at the origins of many branches of classical <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_science_and_technology_in_China">Chinese science</a> and philosophy, as well as being a primary guideline of <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_medicine">traditional Chinese medicine</a>,<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yin_and_yang#cite_note-Porkert1974-3">[3]</a> and a central principle of different forms of <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_martial_arts">Chinese martial arts</a> and exercise, such as <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baguazhang">baguazhang</a>, <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taijiquan">taijiquan</a> (tʻai chi chʻüan) and <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qigong">qigong</a> (chʻi kung), as well as appearing in the pages of the <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I_Ching"><em>I Ching</em></a>.</p><p>The notion of duality can be found in many areas, such as <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duality_(CoPs)">Communities of Practice</a>. The term &quot;dualistic-monism&quot; or <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dialectical_monism">dialectical monism</a> has been coined in an attempt to express this fruitful <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paradox">paradox</a> of simultaneous unity and duality. Yin and yang can be thought of as complementary (rather than opposing) forces that interact to form a dynamic system in which the whole is greater than the assembled parts.<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yin_and_yang#cite_note-4">[4]</a> According to this philosophy, everything has both yin and yang aspects (for instance, shadow cannot exist without light). Either of the two major aspects may manifest more strongly in a particular object, depending on the criterion of the observation. The yin yang (i.e. <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taijitu">taijitu</a> symbol) shows a balance between two opposites with a portion of the opposite element in each section.</p><p>In <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taoism">Taoist</a> metaphysics, distinctions between good and bad, along with other <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dichotomy">dichotomous</a> moral judgments, are perceptual, not real; so, the duality of yin and yang is an indivisible whole. In the ethics of <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confucianism">Confucianism</a> on the other hand, most notably in the philosophy of <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dong_Zhongshu">Dong Zhongshu</a> (c. 2nd century BC), a moral dimension is attached to the idea of yin and yang.<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yin_and_yang#cite_note-5">[5]</a></p><h2 id="h-linguistic-aspects" class="text-3xl font-header !mt-8 !mb-4 first:!mt-0 first:!mb-0">Linguistic aspects</h2><p>These <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_language">Chinese</a> terms <em>yīn</em> 陰 &quot;dark side&quot; and <em>yáng</em> 陽 &quot;white side&quot; are linguistically analyzable in terms of <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_characters">Chinese characters</a>, <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pronunciations">pronunciations</a> and <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etymology">etymology</a>, <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meaning_(linguistics)">meanings</a>, <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topography">topography</a>, and <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loanword">loanwords</a>.</p><h3 id="h-characters" class="text-2xl font-header !mt-6 !mb-4 first:!mt-0 first:!mb-0">Characters</h3><p>&quot;<em>Yin-yang</em>&quot; in <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seal_script">seal script</a> (top), Traditional Chinese characters (middle), and Simplified Chinese characters (bottom)</p><p>The <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters">Chinese characters</a> <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out" href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E9%99%B0#Traditional_Chinese">陰</a> and <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out" href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E9%99%BD#Traditional_Chinese">陽</a> for the words <em>yīn</em> and <em>yáng</em> are both classified as <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_character_classification#Phono-semantic_compound_characters">Phono-semantic characters</a>, combining the semantic component <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radical_170">&quot;mound; hill&quot; radical</a> <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out" href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E9%98%9D#Traditional_Chinese">阝</a>(graphical variant of <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out" href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E9%98%9C#Chinese">阜</a>) with the phonetic components <em>jīn</em> <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out" href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E4%BB%8A#Traditional_Chinese">今</a> (and the added semantic component <em>yún</em> <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out" href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E4%BA%91#Traditional_Chinese">云</a> &quot;pictographic: cloud&quot;) and <em>yáng</em> <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out" href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%98%9C#Traditional_Chinese">昜</a>. In the latter, <em>yáng</em> <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out" href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%98%9C#Traditional_Chinese">昜</a> &quot;bright&quot; features <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out" href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%97%A5#Traditional_Chinese">日</a> &quot;sun&quot; + <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out" href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E7%A4%BA#Traditional_Chinese">示</a> + <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out" href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%BD%A1#Traditional_Chinese">彡</a> &quot;The rays of the sun&quot;.</p><h3 id="h-pronunciations-and-etymologies" class="text-2xl font-header !mt-6 !mb-4 first:!mt-0 first:!mb-0">Pronunciations and etymologies</h3><p>The <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modern_Standard_Chinese">Modern Standard Chinese</a> pronunciation of 陰 is usually the level first <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four_tones">tone</a> <em>yīn</em> &quot;shady; cloudy&quot; or sometimes the falling fourth tone <em>yìn</em> &quot;to shelter; shade&quot; while 陽 &quot;sunny&quot; is always pronounced with rising second tone <em>yáng</em>.</p><p>Sinologists and historical linguists have reconstructed <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_Chinese">Middle Chinese</a> pronunciations from data in the (7th century CE) <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qieyun"><em>Qieyun</em></a> <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhyme_dictionary">rhyme dictionary</a> and later <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhyme_tables">rhyme tables</a>, which was subsequently used to reconstruct <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Chinese_phonology">Old Chinese phonology</a> from rhymes in the (11th–7th centuries BCE) <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shijing"><em>Shijing</em></a> and phonological components of Chinese characters. <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reconstructions_of_Old_Chinese">Reconstructions of Old Chinese</a> have illuminated the etymology of modern Chinese words.</p><p>Compare these Middle Chinese and Old Chinese (with asterisk) reconstructions of <em>yīn</em> 陰 and <em>yáng</em> 陽:</p><ul><li><p><em>ˑiəm</em> &lt; *<em>ˑiəm</em> and <em>iang</em> &lt; *<em>diang</em> (<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernhard_Karlgren">Bernhard Karlgren</a>)<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yin_and_yang#cite_note-6">[6]</a></p><ul><li><p><em>ʔjəm</em> and *<em>raŋ</em> (<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li_Fang-Kuei">Li Fang-Kuei</a>)<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yin_and_yang#cite_note-7">[7]</a></p></li></ul></li><li><p><em>ʔ(r)jum</em> and *<em>ljang</em> (<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_H._Baxter">William H. Baxter</a>)<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yin_and_yang#cite_note-8">[8]</a></p></li><li><p><em>ʔjəm</em> &lt; *<em>ʔəm</em> and <em>jiaŋ</em> &lt; *<em>laŋ</em> (Axel Schuessler)<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yin_and_yang#cite_note-9">[9]</a></p></li><li><p>&apos;<em>im</em> &lt; *<em>qrum</em> and <em>yang</em> &lt; *<em>laŋ</em> (<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_H._Baxter">William H. Baxter</a> and <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurent_Sagart">Laurent Sagart</a>)<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yin_and_yang#cite_note-10">[10]</a></p></li></ul><p>Schuessler gives probable <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sino-Tibetan_languages">Sino-Tibetan</a> etymologies for both Chinese words.</p><p><em>Yin</em> &lt; *<em>ʔəm</em> compares with <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burmese_language">Burmese</a> <em>ʔumC</em> &quot;overcast; cloudy&quot;, <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adi_language">Adi</a> <em>muk-jum</em> &quot;shade&quot;, and <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lepcha_language">Lepcha</a> <em>so&apos;yǔm</em> &quot;shade&quot;; and is probably cognate with Chinese <em>àn</em> &lt; *<em>ʔə̂mʔ</em> <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out" href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E9%BB%AF#Chinese">黯</a> &quot;dim; gloomy&quot; and <em>qīn</em> &lt; *<em>khəm</em> <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out" href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%A1%BE#Traditional_Chinese">衾</a> &quot;blanket&quot;.</p><p><em>Yang</em> &lt; *<em>laŋ</em> compares with Lepcha <em>a-lóŋ</em> &quot;reflecting light&quot;, Burmese <em>laŋB</em> &quot;be bright&quot; and <em>ə-laŋB</em> &quot;light&quot;; and is perhaps cognate with Chinese <em>chāng</em> &lt; *<em>k-hlaŋ</em> <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out" href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%98%8C#Chinese">昌</a> &quot;prosperous; bright&quot; (compare <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mainland_Southeast_Asia_linguistic_area">areal</a> words like <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tai_languages">Tai</a> <em>plaŋA1</em> &quot;bright&quot; &amp; Proto-<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietic_languages">Viet-Muong</a> <em>hlaŋB</em>). To this word-family, <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonathan_Unger">Unger</a> (Hao-ku, 1986:34) also includes <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out" href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E7%82%B3#Chinese">炳</a> <em>bǐng</em> &lt; <em>*pl(j)aŋʔ</em> &quot;bright&quot;; however Schuessler reconstructs 炳 *bǐng&apos;*s Old Chinese pronunciation as *<em>braŋʔ</em> and includes it in an <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austroasiatic_languages">Austroasiatic</a> word family, besides <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out" href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E4%BA%AE#Traditional_Chinese">亮</a> <em>liàng</em> &lt; *<em>raŋh</em> <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out" href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E7%88%BD#Chinese">爽</a> <em>shuǎng</em> &lt; *<em>sraŋʔ</em> &quot;twilight (of dawn)&quot;; <em>míng</em> &lt; *<em>mraŋ</em> <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out" href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%98%8E#Chinese">明</a> &quot;bright, become light, enlighten&quot;; owing to &quot;the different OC initial consonant which seems to have no recognizable OC morphological function&quot;.<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yin_and_yang#cite_note-11">[11]</a></p><p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out" href="https://opensea.io/assets/0x82d6b59A7d8cA5523E4165a12018F1780984066d/0">https://opensea.io/assets/0x82d6b59A7d8cA5523E4165a12018F1780984066d/0</a></p>]]></content:encoded>
            <author>0x25dfd4cbd2c6e49aa16c861150fed2829a42f53e@newsletter.paragraph.com (Untitled)</author>
        </item>
    </channel>
</rss>