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The galaxy of gases outside the galaxies and the detailed process of forming the stars are hot spots for astrophysics studies. In order to understand the issue, the international team led by Professor Sakamoto, using the world’s largest optical telescope, “Keck”, observed a huge gaseous cloud over 110 billion years. Using advanced imaging spectrometers, the “Cosmos Web Imager”, the team successfully detected hydrogen elements and multiple elemental radiation of gases around galaxies and further estimated the large-scale spatial distribution of heavy elements. This also means that, in the early days of the universe, gases around galaxies are already rich in heavy elements.

This discovery provides a clear picture of how galaxies can exchange materially with a large-scale environment. Demonstrating “recycling inflow” is an important mechanism that drives early cosmic mass galaxies. The discovery was a key step towards understanding the galaxy ecosystems, galaxation formation and evolution. In the future, it is possible to reveal the full picture of galaxy formations in the galaxies, in conjunction with a larger calibre, a larger spectral telescope.

The work was supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology’s focused research and development programme, the National Fund for Nature Science and the University of Chianghua. These include the University of Rice, Japan, the Max-Planck Institute, California, the University of Jiang, Princeton University, the University of Judea, the University of Beijing, the University of Hiroshima, the University of Cambridge, the University of Google, the University of Deep Technology, the University of Arizona, the National Astronomical Observatory of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Shanghai Observatory.