While Native Restaking provides an effective security solution for SPNs within the Pharos ecosystem, integrating with external restaking protocols brings substantial synergistic and strategic benefits:

• Tapping into Massive Economic Security Pools:

  • EigenLayer: Allows Pharos (or SPNs on Pharos) to potentially "rent" economic security from the Ethereum network – the network with the largest staked value today. Instead of relying solely on P Tokens staked on Pharos, services could be secured by billions of dollars worth of ETH and ETH Liquid Staking Tokens (LSTs) restaked via EigenLayer.

  • Babylon: Unlocks the potential to leverage the robust and time-tested security of Bitcoin for Proof-of-Stake (PoS) systems like Pharos. Babylon enables Bitcoin holders to securely "stake" their BTC to secure PoS chains in return for rewards. Pharos's potential integration with Babylon means a portion of its security could be fortified by "digital gold" itself.

• Enhancing Liquidity and Capital Flow:

  • Pharos's documentation mentions the circulation of assets like stBTC (staked Bitcoin, possibly via Babylon) and stETH (staked ETH, via EigenLayer or other LSTs) within Pharos's DeFi ecosystem. This not only brings high-quality, liquid collateral to DeFi applications on Pharos but also creates new use cases for these restaked assets.

  • This integration could attract users and capital from the Ethereum and Bitcoin ecosystems to Pharos, fostering development and growth.

• Diversifying Security Sources: Instead of relying entirely on the intrinsic security from P Tokens, adding security layers from ETH and BTC makes the system more resilient to potential risks.

• Boosting Credibility and Adoption: Successfully integrating and interoperating with reputable and large-scale protocols like EigenLayer and Babylon can significantly enhance Pharos Network's standing and trustworthiness within the broader crypto community.

Connecting Restaking: How Pharos's Special Protocol Works as a Bridge

To realize this integration, Pharos refers to an "Adaptive Restaking Interaction Protocol." While the documentation doesn't provide deep technical details of this protocol, we can infer some aspects:

• Standard Compatibility: This protocol is likely designed to adhere to the standards and interfaces required by EigenLayer (for Actively Validated Services - AVSs) and Babylon (for PoS chains consuming its security).

• Verification and Reporting Mechanisms: There must be mechanisms for validators or services on Pharos to prove their honest behavior to the external restaking protocols, as well as mechanisms for these external protocols to enforce slashing in case of violations.

• Reward and Risk Management: The protocol must handle the distribution of rewards from external restaking sources to participating components on Pharos, while also clarifying the associated slashing risks.

• "Adaptiveness": The term "Adaptive" might suggest that the protocol is flexible enough to interact with various types of restaking mechanisms, not just limited to EigenLayer and Babylon, and can adapt to future upgrades or changes in these protocols.

Potential Integration

The combination of Pharos's Native Restaking and extended restaking could create sophisticated security and incentive models:

• Multi-Layered Security for SPNs: An SPN on Pharos could be simultaneously secured by:

  1. Native Restaking from P Tokens (via stP).

  2. Restaked ETH from EigenLayer (if the SPN operates as an AVS).

  3. Restaked BTC from Babylon (if the SPN is designed to consume Bitcoin security).
     This combination would create an incredibly robust economic security layer.

• Pharos L1-Core Security Enhancement: The Pharos L1-Core itself could potentially benefit from Babylon integration to add an extra layer of security from Bitcoin, alongside its P Token-based PoS mechanism.

• Cross-Ecosystem Liquidity: stETH and stBTC not only circulate on Pharos as collateral but could also participate in Pharos's internal restaking mechanisms, creating complex and potentially powerful capital efficiency loops.

Conclusion

Pharos Network's plan to integrate with leading restaking protocols like EigenLayer and Babylon is a testament to the project's strategic thinking and ambition. This goes beyond optimizing internal factors, actively connecting with and harnessing the power of larger ecosystems. The "Adaptive Restaking Interaction Protocol" promises to be a crucial bridge, not only bringing stronger economic security layers from Ethereum and Bitcoin but also fostering liquidity flows, creating a vibrant and diverse Pharos DeFi ecosystem.

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The most crucial and exciting aspect of this new compute model is the Pharos blockchain's ability to natively interact with diverse compute units and external co-processors.

Imagine a blockchain virtual machine that can:

• Communicate directly with GPUs (Graphics Processing Units): Unlocking the ability to perform high-intensity AI/Machine Learning tasks directly on-chain, from image recognition to complex data analysis, or accelerating graphics for GameFi.

• Leverage zkVMs (Zero-Knowledge Virtual Machines): Enabling efficient execution of zero-knowledge proofs, enhancing privacy and scalability for applications.

• Integrate with SIMD (Single Instruction, Multiple Data) units: For high-performance parallel computing tasks in fields like scientific simulation or signal processing.

• Utilize TEEs (Trusted Execution Environments): Providing a secure, isolated execution environment for sensitive operations, key management, or transactions requiring high confidentiality.

• Harness FHE Accelerators (Fully Homomorphic Encryption): Allowing computation on encrypted data without decryption, unlocking potential for privacy-preserving applications at the highest level.

• Interact with Smart Network Cards: Optimizing network processing and offloading tasks from the main CPU.

The Significance of this Breakthrough:

• Smarter and More Powerful dApps: Developers are no longer confined to the computational limits of the blockchain VM itself. They can "delegate" heavy tasks to specialized co-processors, creating dApps with richer functionality and superior processing capabilities than previously possible. For example, a DeFi dApp could use AI for real-time credit risk analysis, or an NFT game could run complex physics algorithms on-chain.

• Expanding On-Chain Capabilities: Tasks traditionally considered "off-chain" due to high computational requirements can now be brought "on-chain" feasibly, while still maintaining the core security and transparency of the blockchain.

• Attracting Experts from Other Fields: This capability will draw specialists from AI, high-performance computing, and hardware security into the blockchain space, contributing to the development of upstream libraries and tools, and liberating these capabilities from being confined to specific blockchain platforms.

Pharos refers to this as bringing a "generic Co-processor design into the World Computer model," a genuine step towards making blockchain a more comprehensive computing platform.

Easier dApp Development: Friendly Tools and Multi-Language Support from Pharos

For the vision of powerful dApps to become a reality, developers must be empowered with robust, intuitive tools and the freedom of language choice. Pharos's compute model emphasizes this:

• Comprehensive Tooling (SDKs, Tools): Pharos is committed to providing a comprehensive suite of tools, SDKs, and support for a wide range of programming languages. The goal is to create an environment where developers of all skill levels and language expertise can seamlessly build, test, and deploy their ideas.

• Breaking Down Language Barriers: By supporting multiple languages (via WasmVM and potentially other integration mechanisms), Pharos prevents the fragmentation often seen when developers are restricted to a single language or toolset. This not only broadens the potential developer community but also fosters a truly diverse and inclusive ecosystem.

• Seamless Multi-Language Interaction: The model also aims to enable smart contracts written in different languages to easily call and interact with each other without added complexity, creating liquidity and seamless composability within the ecosystem.

Pharos Puts Security and Privacy First

While expanding computational capabilities, Pharos does not neglect the core elements of security and privacy:

• Simplified Security Management: The model simplifies security management across various smart contracts through unified, automated security auditing and formal verification tools.

• Integration of ZKP and Advanced Encryption: By integrating Zero-Knowledge Proofs (ZKP) and advanced encryption technologies, the model protects user privacy while ensuring transaction authenticity. These technologies not only strengthen the security of blockchain applications but also enhance the overall trustworthiness and sustainability of the ecosystem.

Conclusion

Pharos Network's New Compute Model is a powerful statement about the future of decentralized applications. It's not just about speeding up transactions; it's about fundamentally expanding what a blockchain can achieve. By enabling dApps to natively interact with the power of co-processors and freeing developers from language barriers, Pharos is creating a playground where innovation is no longer limited by traditional on-chain computational capabilities.

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The first standout feature of the Pharos VM is its ability to simultaneously support both EVM and WasmVM environments on the same Layer 1. This is a significant strategic advantage:

• EVM Compatibility (Ethereum Virtual Machine):

  • Attracting the Existing Ecosystem: Allows Solidity developers and existing dApps on Ethereum (and other EVM-compatible chains) to easily migrate or deploy their applications on Pharos without extensive code rewriting. This opens the door to a vast pool of projects and potential liquidity.

  • Leveraging Familiar Tooling: Developers can continue to use the familiar toolchains, libraries, and frameworks of the EVM ecosystem.

• The Power of WasmVM (WebAssembly):

  • Superior Performance: Wasm is often known for its near-native execution performance, significantly faster than EVM in many cases, especially for computationally intensive tasks.

  • Multi-Language Support: Wasm allows developers to write smart contracts in various popular programming languages like Rust, C++, Go, AssemblyScript, etc., instead of being limited primarily to Solidity. This greatly expands the potential developer community.

  • Future Potential: Wasm is considered a core web standard and has strong potential for future growth, supporting advanced features and performance optimizations.

Parallel Execution Engine: "Speed ​​Up" For Both EVM and WasmVM

Simply supporting multiple VMs isn't enough if they still have to run sequentially. The real power of Pharos's execution layer lies in its Parallel Execution Engine, designed to maximize throughput, regardless of whether contracts are written for EVM or WasmVM.

This architecture comprises two key components:

• The Scheduler:

  • The Intelligent Coordinator: The scheduler acts as a smart "traffic controller" for transactions. It analyzes pending transactions to determine which can be executed in parallel without causing conflicts (e.g., transactions that don't interact with the same state or contract data).

  • Parallel Hint Generation: It may use static analysis or even speculative execution of smart contracts to generate "hints" about each transaction's read/write sets. These hints help the scheduler make more accurate decisions about grouping transactions.

  • Transaction Dependency Analysis: Based on these hints and other factors, the scheduler constructs "parallelizable transaction groups," often using algorithms like union-find.

• The Executor:

  • Multiple "Workers" Operating Concurrently: Instead of a single "worker" (execution thread), Pharos's engine features multiple executors operating simultaneously, each processing a group of transactions prepared by the scheduler.

  • Parallel State Data Loading: To further accelerate execution, the state data required for each transaction group (e.g., MPT nodes, JMT data from Pharos Store) can be preloaded into memory in parallel.

  • Optimistic Execution & Pipeline Finality: Pharos employs optimistic execution, meaning it executes transactions and only checks for conflicts afterward. Combined with a "Pipeline Finality" algorithm, this allows for rapid convergence of execution results and efficient determination of the final state.

  • Efficient Resource Management: Validators balance tasks like speculative execution, fully utilizing multi-core CPUs and I/O resources, while also allowing executors to participate in scheduling work, optimizing overall resource use.

  • Conflict Detection & Minimal Re-execution: Through fine-grained control, Pharos achieves faster conflict detection and minimal-cost re-execution, delivering optimal parallel performance.

The Benefits of This Dual Power

The combination of the flexible Pharos VM and the robust Parallel Execution Engine offers significant advantages:

• Outstanding Performance: The ability to execute transactions in parallel across both EVM and WasmVM dramatically increases throughput (TPS) and reduces latency compared to sequential execution systems.

• Optimal Choices for Developers: Developers can choose the best VM for their application (e.g., Wasm for compute-heavy tasks, EVM for compatibility) and still benefit from parallel execution.

• Richer Ecosystem: Supporting both major VM standards helps attract a larger pool of developers and projects, fostering a more diverse and vibrant dApp ecosystem.

• Future-Proofing: This architecture not only addresses current issues but is also designed to be extensible and integrate new VM technologies or execution optimizations in the future.

Conclusion

The Pharos VM and its Parallel Execution Engine are not just separate technical components; they are a tightly integrated system, engineered to shatter the performance and flexibility barriers that blockchain developers frequently encounter.

By offering the dual power of EVM and WasmVM, and supercharging them with an advanced parallel execution mechanism, Pharos is creating a potent platform, ready for developers to build the next generation of dApps – applications that are faster, more complex, and more accessible than ever before.

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Before diving into Native Restaking, let's understand the context. When a blockchain ecosystem aims to expand by allowing the creation of child chains, sidechains, or specialized networks (like SPNs), securing these new entities becomes a critical concern:

• High Initialization Costs: Attracting sufficient validators and the necessary stake to secure a new network is a major hurdle, costly in both time and resources.

• Lower "51% Attack" Threshold: Newer, smaller networks often have a lower economic security threshold, making them easier targets for attack compared to an established mainnet.

• Validator Resource Fragmentation: If each SPN requires its own distinct set of validators, this can lead to the fragmentation of the ecosystem's overall validator resources, potentially weakening it as a whole.

Native Restaking: Pharos's "Shared Strength" Solution

Native Restaking on Pharos is designed to directly address these challenges. The core idea is to allow validators of the L1-Core mainnet to leverage their existing staked assets (P Tokens) to simultaneously secure one or more SPNs.

Here's how the basic mechanism works:

1. Staking on the Mainnet (L1-Core): Validators participate in securing the Pharos mainnet by staking a quantity of P Tokens (Pharos's native token).

2. Receiving "Stake Certificates" (stP Tokens): Upon staking P Tokens, validators can receive a derivative token representing their claim on the staked P Tokens and their right to L1-Core rewards. The documentation refers to this as a "token certificate," which can be envisioned as a form of internal Liquid Staking Token (LST), for example, "stP" (staked P).

3. Restaking into SPNs: With this "stake certificate" (stP), validators can choose to "restake" it into one or more SPNs they wish to support and secure.

4. Securing SPNs and Earning Additional Rewards: By restaking stP, validators commit to upholding the rules of that SPN. In return, they not only continue to earn rewards from L1-Core (via their original stP) but also have the opportunity to earn additional rewards from the SPNs they secure.

5. Expanded Slashing Risk: With great power (and reward) comes great responsibility. If a validator restakes into an SPN and violates its rules (e.g., signs a fraudulent transaction, excessive downtime), their restaked stP (and indirectly, their underlying P Tokens) can be slashed (penalized). This ensures validators have a genuine incentive to maintain honesty and performance on both the mainnet and the SPNs they participate in.

The Multi-Faceted Benefits of Native Restaking

The Native Restaking model offers advantages for all stakeholders within the Pharos ecosystem:

• For SPNs:

  • Security from Day One: New SPNs can quickly achieve a high level of economic security by "borrowing" strength from the L1-Core's established validators, instead of struggling to build security from zero.

  • Lowered Deployment Barriers: Reduced concern about attracting initial validators allows projects to focus more on developing their SPN's core product and technology.

• For L1-Core Validators:

  • Maximized Yield: An additional income stream from securing SPNs increases the capital efficiency of their staked P Tokens.

  • Diversified Risk/Reward (Conditional): They can select promising SPNs to support, based on their assessment of the project and associated slashing risks.

• For the Overall Pharos Ecosystem:

  • Enhanced Aggregate Security: By enabling shared security, Native Restaking helps raise the overall safety threshold of the entire network of sub-chains.

  • Catalyst for Ecosystem Growth: It facilitates the emergence and development of a diverse range of SPNs, enriching the applications and use cases on Pharos.

  • Increased Attractiveness of the P Token: The ability for P Tokens (via stP) to generate yield from multiple sources enhances the utility and appeal of the native token.

A Brief Comparison with Other Models

Pharos's Native Restaking shares similarities with, yet also differs from:

• Cosmos's Shared Security (Interchain Security): Both aim to allow child chains to inherit security from a parent chain. However, the specific mechanics of "restaking" and the role of derivative tokens might differ.

• Avalanche's Subnet Model: Subnets also allow for custom networks, but their security model often requires subnet validators to stake the native Avalanche token (AVAX) directly for that subnet. Pharos's Native Restaking seems more focused on "repurposing" existing L1 stake.

• EigenLayer on Ethereum: EigenLayer pioneers the concept of restaking ETH (and ETH LSTs) to secure other services (AVSs). Pharos's Native Restaking can be seen as an "internal" form of restaking within the same L1 ecosystem, focused on securing its own SPNs. Interestingly, the Pharos documentation also mentions integration with EigenLayer, suggesting potential interoperability between restaking layers.

Conclusion

Native Restaking is more than just a technical gimmick on Pharos Network; it's a foundational techno-economic mechanism crucial for realizing the vision of a diverse, secure, and vibrant SPN ecosystem. By enabling flexible security sharing and creating compelling incentive streams, Native Restaking acts as the "glue" binding the L1-Core to its specialized networks, and the "shield" protecting them. It's a clear demonstration of Pharos's "full-stack" and "modular" approach, where every component is designed to interoperate and collectively drive the network's growth.

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Imagine the Pharos L1-Core as a primary "superhighway" – powerful and secure. SPNs are like dedicated express lanes, specialized industrial parks, or even satellite cities built alongside or connected to this superhighway. More specifically:

• Custom Blockchain Environments: SPNs are specialized blockchain (or even non-blockchain) networks that can be deeply customized in terms of protocol, virtual machine, consensus mechanism (within permissible limits), and other parameters to optimally serve a specific type of application or use case.

• Deployment on L1-Extension: SPNs operate on Pharos's L1-Extension layer, leveraging security and liquidity from the L1-Core mainnet via the Native Restaking mechanism.

• Not Just Traditional Layer 2s: While sharing similarities with Layer 2 solutions or sidechains, SPNs on Pharos boast deeper integration with the L1 through Native Restaking and are designed with greater flexibility for customizing the execution environment and utilizing specialized hardware.

Why are SPNs such a big deal?

1. Optimized Performance for Specialized Applications: Applications like High-Frequency Trading (HFT), AI/Machine Learning models (ZKML), complex GameFi, or multi-party computation (MPC) often have very distinct requirements regarding speed, latency, or data processing capabilities. SPNs allow for the creation of environments "tailor-made" for these needs, instead of being constrained by the general limitations of the L1.

2. Support for Specific Hardware: Some applications need access to specialized hardware like Trusted Execution Environments (TEEs) for transaction confidentiality or MEV management, GPUs for AI computation, or even FHE (Fully Homomorphic Encryption) accelerators. SPNs can be designed to integrate and leverage these types of hardware effectively.

3. Reducing Load on the Mainnet: By offloading computationally intensive or uniquely demanding tasks to SPNs, the Pharos L1-Core mainnet can focus on maintaining core security and processing fundamental transactions, avoiding overload.

4. Fostering Innovation and Experimentation: SPNs create a safe and flexible "playground" for developers to test new ideas, different consensus protocols, or unique token economic models without impacting the stability of the mainnet.

How SPNs Work: Architecture and Mechanisms

Creating and operating SPNs on Pharos isn't an isolated process. It's supported by a carefully designed architecture and protocols:

1. SPN Initialization: Users or projects can initiate an SPN by selecting a set of validators from the Pharos L1-Core mainnet to participate in securing and operating that SPN.

2. Native Restaking – The Security Heart of SPNs: This is the pivotal mechanism. Validators on the Pharos L1-Core stake native tokens (referred to as P Tokens) to secure the mainnet. In doing so, they receive a type of "certificate" (a derivative token, possibly stP tokens as described). Validators can then restake these "certificates" into one or more SPNs.

   • Benefit for SPNs: They immediately inherit a degree of economic security from the mainnet without needing to bootstrap their own validator community from scratch.

   • Benefit for Validators: They gain an additional income stream (rewards from the SPN) on top of their mainnet rewards.

   • Associated Risk: Restaking also comes with increased slashing risk – if a validator misbehaves on an SPN, they can be penalized on their restaked amount.

3. SPN Management Architecture:

   • SPN Manager (on L1-Core): Responsible for managing the lifecycle of SPNs: creation, destruction, message communication management, and asset transfers. All SPN management-related transactions are immutably recorded on the mainnet.

   • SPN Network Hub (on L1-Extension): Acts as a coordination center, facilitating message and event communication between different SPNs, and between SPNs and the mainnet.

   • SPN Adapter (within each SPN): Handles incoming messages and events from the mainnet, ensuring accurate processing and execution within the specific environment of each SPN.

4. Cross-SPN Interoperability Protocol:
   To avoid data and liquidity "silos," Pharos provides a protocol that allows SPNs to communicate and transfer assets/data seamlessly with each other and with the L1-Core. This ensures liquidity and composability throughout the ecosystem.

Use Cases for SPNs

The customizability of SPNs opens up a vast array of exciting use cases:

• High-Speed Decentralized Finance (DeFi): SPNs optimized for decentralized exchanges (DEXs) requiring ultra-low latency, complex lending protocols, or derivatives products.

• Next-Generation GameFi: SPNs capable of handling complex game logic, managing NFTs with high throughput, and integrating in-game physics without slowing down the mainnet.

• Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Secure Computation: SPNs dedicated to on-chain AI model training and execution (e.g., ZKML), or applications requiring multi-party computation (MPC), leveraging TEEs or FHE.

• Decentralized IoT Networks: SPNs can be designed to process large volumes of data from IoT devices, with private protocols and specific hardware requirements.

• New Protocol Experimentation: Research teams can deploy and test new consensus mechanisms or economic models on an SPN before considering wider adoption.

Conclusion

Special Processing Networks (SPNs) are one of the most critical pillars in Pharos Network's vision of a modular, high-performance, and infinitely scalable blockchain ecosystem. By enabling the creation of specialized execution environments, secured via Native Restaking and connected by intelligent interoperability protocols, SPNs not only solve the "one-size-fits-all" problem but also pave the way for a wave of innovation where Web3 applications can reach their full potential without being constrained by infrastructure.

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State bloat and prevailing storage architectures introduce several technical problems:

1. Retrieval Performance Degradation: As state balloons into the hundreds‑of‑gigabytes (or worse, terabytes), the cache runs out of magic and every lookup tumbles down to slow disk reads. With RAM‑to‑disk speed measured in orders of magnitude, TPS nosedives and latency shoots up—the whole chain starts to feel like it’s wading through molasses.

2. Increased Node Synchronization Costs and Time: New nodes joining the network must download and process the massive historical state dataset, a process that can take days or weeks. This increases hardware and operational costs, creating barriers to participation and impacting network decentralization and scalability.

3. Resource-Intensive Background Operations: LSM-tree based key-value stores require background operations like compaction to maintain read performance. However, these operations consume significant CPU and I/O resources and can cause substantial write amplification, increasing disk wear and bandwidth consumption.

4. Long I/O Paths: The separation between the logical layer of the ADS (e.g., MPT) and the physical storage layer (KV store) necessitates multiple disk accesses to traverse the Merkle tree and retrieve the actual data at the leaf nodes, adding latency to each read/write operation.

5. Limitations of Hash-Based Addressing: Using the hash of child nodes as pointers within Merkle Tree structures, while essential for verification, is inefficient for range queries or sequential data access. It also increases random read operations and complicates advanced data management techniques like efficient pruning or versioning.

Key Optimization Techniques within Pharos Store

To realize this design principle and address specific challenges, Pharos Store implements three main groups of techniques:

1. ADS Integration: The foundation enabling deeper I/O optimizations.

Pharos Store's central innovation is the tight integration of the Authenticated Data Structure (ADS) logic directly into the core storage engine. Instead of maintaining two separate layers (ADS logic and physical storage), Pharos Store merges them into a single, unified system.

By managing both the Merkle tree structure and the actual data within the same engine, data access becomes more direct, significantly reducing the number of physical I/O operations required per query or state update. This integration justifies the positioning of Pharos Store as a "Blockchain Native ADS Store."

2. Version-Based Addressing: Replacing Hash-Based Mechanisms.

Pharos Store employs an addressing scheme based on Version (typically corresponding to block number) combined with a Node Index to locate nodes within its tree structure (DMM-Tree - Delta-encoded Multi-version Merkle Tree).

Technical Advantages:

• Eliminates Need for LSM-tree Compaction: Data is physically organized according to version order, obviating the costly background compaction operations associated with managing multiple data versions in traditional LSM-trees.

• Improves Sequential Access: More effectively supports range queries or accessing data in tree-structure or chronological order.

• Significantly Reduces Read/Write Amplification: Decreases the number of I/O operations compared to resolving hash-based pointers.

3. State Bloat Mitigation Techniques.

Pharos Store applies a trio of techniques to directly control state storage size:

• Internal Structural Compactions: Algorithms that optimize the internal structure of the DMM-Tree to reduce tree depth and average node access path length.

• Page Storage: Node data is grouped and persisted to disk in fixed-size "pages." This serves as the minimum I/O unit, optimizing batched read/write efficiency and buffer management.

• Delta Encoding: Instead of storing the complete copy of a node each time it changes, this highly effective technique stores only the difference (delta) between the new version and the previous version of the node. This dramatically reduces the required storage space and I/O bandwidth, especially beneficial for the frequent, small state updates common in blockchains.

Quantitative Performance Evaluation

The application of these techniques within Pharos Store yields significant improvements over traditional blockchain storage solutions:

• Up to 15.8x higher throughput.

• Up to 80.3% reduction in storage costs.

• Reduction of ADS storage space to less than 20% compared to traditional models.

These results indicate Pharos Store's substantial potential for enhancing efficiency and reducing node operational costs.

Conclusion

Pharos Store represents an advanced storage architecture specifically engineered for the demands of modern blockchains. By tightly integrating the ADS into the storage engine, implementing version-based addressing, and applying effective state bloat mitigation techniques like delta encoding and page storage, Pharos Store aims to resolve inherent performance and scalability bottlenecks related to state management.

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Consensus is the process by which nodes in a distributed network reach agreement on the system's state, particularly the order and validity of recorded transactions. Modern Byzantine Fault-Tolerant (BFT) protocols provide high levels of security and consistency, but often encounter limitations regarding throughput (transactions per second - TPS) and latency (time to final transaction confirmation) due to inherent design factors.

Two common design elements frequently contribute to these limitations:

• Fixed Timing Assumptions: Many protocols operate based on rounds or time slots of fixed duration. For example, a new block might only be proposed every T seconds. This mechanism simplifies coordination but imposes a hard upper bound on system throughput, regardless of the network's actual processing capacity or the computational efficiency of the nodes. It also lacks flexibility in adapting to the fluctuating real-world network latency among globally distributed nodes.

• Centralized Block Proposal Model: A prevalent structure involves electing a single node (leader/proposer) for each round or block height. This node is responsible for gathering unconfirmed transactions, forming a proposed block, and broadcasting it to other validators. This "proposer-voter" model, while logical, creates distinct bottlenecks:

  • Proposer Overload: The proposing node bears a significant computational and network communication load.

  • Bandwidth Limitation: Overall throughput becomes constrained by the processing capacity and bandwidth of that single proposing node.

  • Inefficient Network Resource Utilization: The bandwidth of the majority of other validators (voters) is not effectively utilized for contributing to block creation. As the network scales with more validators, this bottleneck becomes increasingly pronounced.

Core Innovations of Pharos Consensus: Towards Dynamic Efficiency

Pharos Consensus is engineered to directly address the aforementioned limitations through two foundational principles:

Dynamically Adapting to Network Reality

Instead of imposing a fixed rhythm, Pharos Consensus operates based on the actual speed of the network:

• Elimination of Artificial Timing Constraints: The progress of the consensus process is not bound by predetermined timeouts or fixed time slots. Instead, the pace is determined by the real-world message propagation latency among participating validators.

• Dynamic Adaptation Mechanism: When network conditions are favorable (low latency, good connectivity), consensus steps complete faster, leading to higher block creation and finalization rates. Conversely, if network latency increases (due to congestion, geographic distance, or network issues), the protocol automatically adjusts its pace to allow sufficient time for messages to propagate and be processed, maintaining consistency and safety.

• Maximizing Potential Throughput: By removing unnecessary waiting periods, this design allows the network to operate closer to its physical throughput limits under varying network conditions, rather than being perpetually constrained by a predefined cycle time.

Parallel and Distributed Block Proposal Architecture

This represents a fundamental paradigm shift from the centralized proposal structure:

• Removal of Exclusive "Leader" Role: Pharos Consensus abandons the designation of a single block proposer per round. Instead, it implements a mechanism allowing multiple validators, potentially all participants, to engage in proposing new candidate blocks simultaneously or near-simultaneously.

• Distributed Proposal Workload: The responsibility of creating and broadcasting candidate blocks is distributed across a larger set of validators. This significantly reduces the load on any single node and avoids the overload conditions often seen with leader nodes.

• Leveraging Aggregate Network Bandwidth: More importantly, this architecture enables the utilization of the aggregate network bandwidth of many validators concurrently for block proposal. Instead of most validators passively listening and voting, they can actively contribute to generating block "candidates," substantially increasing the network's potential transaction processing capacity.

• Foundation for Superior Scalability: As the number of validators increases, the total aggregate bandwidth and processing power available for block proposal also increases proportionally. This creates a consensus model with significantly better scalability potential compared to systems where performance is ultimately capped by the capabilities of a single proposing node.

Synergistic Effects and System Impact

These two core innovations do not operate in isolation but create powerful synergistic effects:

• The parallel proposal architecture maximizes the use of validator bandwidth and computational capacity to generate potential blocks, while responsiveness ensures that the voting and agreement process on those blocks happens as quickly as network conditions realistically allow.

• This combination enables the system to simultaneously increase transaction processing speed (TPS) and reduce final confirmation latency, while also improving the efficiency of network and computational resource utilization across the system. It tackles both throughput and latency challenges concurrently.

Reported experimental results (exceeding 130,000 TPS on a 100-node testbed) serve as empirical validation of this approach's potential, although real-world mainnet performance will naturally depend on various other factors.

Role of Pharos Consensus within the Overall Architecture

Pharos Consensus is not an isolated component. It is designed to integrate seamlessly with and contribute to the overall performance strategy of the Pharos Network, particularly the "parallelize everything" philosophy. A fast and efficient consensus mechanism is a prerequisite for other parallel processing layers (like Pharos Execution) to realize their full potential without being throttled by the speed at which transaction ordering can be agreed upon.

Conclusion

By introducing responsiveness to real-world network conditions and implementing a parallel, distributed block proposal architecture, Pharos has created a consensus mechanism with the potential for higher throughput, lower latency, and enhanced scalability. It stands as a critical foundational component, embodying Pharos Network's commitment to building a high-performance Layer 1 infrastructure capable of supporting the demanding, large-scale decentralized applications of the Web3 future.

Follow Pharos

• Website: https://pharosnetwork.xyz/

• Twitter: https://x.com/pharos_network

• Discord: https://discord.gg/QRsy5aag

• Telegram: https://t.me/PharosNetworkOfficial

• Telegram VN: https://t.me/PharosVN

Hãy tưởng tượng một mùa giải sóng đường đơn thành đường cao tốc nhiều sóng. Đó là ý tưởng cơ bản đằng sau quá trình xử lý bài hát. Thầy dạy mọi nhiệm vụ phải diễn ra lần này, Pharos được thiết kế để thực hiện nhiều nhiệm vụ cùng lúc ở mọi cấp độ có thể:

• Đồng tình ca khúc: Đây là một điều đặc biệt quan trọng. Hệ thống truyền thông khối thường dựa vào một "người sản xuất" duy nhất cho mỗi khối, tạo ra một nút thắt cổ chai cố hữu. Đồng ý rằng Pharos được thiết kế để cho phép nhiều trình xác thực xuất ra các khối đồng thời . Tốc độ điều chỉnh này không tăng lên trong quá trình tạo khối mà vẫn tận dụng tối đa băng thông có sẵn cho tất cả các thông số xác thực. Cơ chế này là một yếu tố quan trọng sau khả năng được tuyên bố là xử lý hơn 130.000 giao dịch mỗi giây (TPS) được quan sát trong môi trường thử nghiệm.

• Thực thi bài hát: Khi các giao dịch cần xử lý, Pharos không bắt chúng phải chờ trong một hàng duy nhất được chờ đợi. Công cụ thực thi của nó (hỗ trợ cả EVM và WasmVM) sử dụng các cài đặt lịch thông minh và nhiều bài hát hoạt động thực thi. Các kỹ thuật như tạo mũi ý bài hát và phân tích phụ thuộc giao dịch giúp xác định giao dịch có thể chạy bài hát an toàn mà không gây trở ngại cho nhau. Pharos thậm chí còn sử dụng thực thi lạc quan , xử lý giao dịch trước đó và chỉ kiểm tra lại nếu có xung đột phát sinh, giúp tăng tốc độ hơn nữa.

• Lưu trữ bài hát: Ngay cả quá trình đọc và ghi dữ liệu vào chuỗi trạng thái (thông qua Pharos Store) cũng được tối ưu hóa để truy cập bài hát, tốc độ I/O giảm thường là rào cản hiệu suất lớn.

Pharos định nghĩa bài hát cấp độ này bằng khái niệm "Bài hát cấp độ (DP)", hướng tới khả năng cực cao (DP4/DP5), có thể hiện thị khả năng xử lý tối đa hóa tối đa trên toàn hệ thống.

Chuỗi lắp ráp nhanh chóng: Kết quả thông qua đường ống

Nếu bài hát giống như việc mở rộng đường tốc độ cao thì đường ống giống như việc biến đổi quy trình sản xuất thành một kết quả dây xích nhanh . Thay vì chờ đợi một chiếc xe được lắp ráp hoàn chỉnh trước khi bắt đầu Chiếc xe tiếp theo, mỗi giai đoạn (lắp nhanh khung, sơn, gắn động cơ...) hoạt động liên tục trên các xe khác nhau cùng một lúc.

Pharos áp dụng nguyên tắc tương tự này cho toàn bộ vòng đời của giao dịch thông qua cái mà nó gọi là "Đường ống bất đồng bộ toàn bộ vòng đời" :

• Quy trình phân tích:Tor QU Khách hàng Khách hàng QUY Khách hàng QUY Khách hàng QUY QUY TRÌNH H quy trình quy trình quy tr là quy trình quy trình quy trình quy trình quy trình quy trình quy trình quy khách quy khách quy quy quy khách quy trình quy khách quy khách quy khách quy quy khách quy khách khách quy khách quy quy quy khách quy quy khách khách quy khách quy quy quy quy quy quy khách khách quy khách quy quy quy quy quy quy khách yêu khách khách quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy trình quy trình quy trình quy trình quy trình quy trình quy trình quy trình khách quy trình quy trình quy trình quy trình quy khách quy khách quy quy quy quy quy trình quy khách quy trình quy trình quy quy quy trình quy trình quy trình quy trình quy trình quy trình quy trình quy trình quy khách quy khách quy khách quy trình quy khách quy quy quy quy khách quy khách quy khách quy quy quy quy quy quy quy trình quy khách quy khách quy khách quy quy quy trình quy trình quy khách khách quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy trình quy khách khách khách khách khách quy quy quy quy trình quy trình quy trình quy khách quy khách quy trình quy trình quy khách khách quy quy quy trình quy trình quy khách khách quy khách khách khách khách quy khách khách quy khách quy khách khách quy khách quy khách quy khách khách sạn quy khách khách quy khách quy khách quy khách quy trình khách quy khách quy khách quy khách quy trình quy khách quy quy khách quy khách quy trình quy trình quy quy quy khách yêu khách quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy khách hàng quy quy khách quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy khách quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy khách khách khách sạn khách sạn quy quy quy quy quy quy khách khách khách sạn quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy khách quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy khách khách quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quy quyquy quy quy quy mô

• Hoạt động chồng chéo: Điều quan trọng là các giai đoạn này có thể hoạt động đồng thời trên các lô giao dịch khác nhau . Ví dụ: trong khi lô A đang được thực thi, lô B có thể trải qua sự đồng ý và lô C có thể được ghi vào cơ sở dữ liệu.

• Ưu tiên sử dụng tài nguyên: Mục tiêu của đường ống là điều khiển tất cả tài nguyên hệ thống (CPU, mạng, ổ đĩa) luôn bận rộn và có thể hoạt động hiệu quả nhất. Bằng cách chồng chéo các tác vụ, pipe giúp ẩn tốc độ của từng giai đoạn và độ đáng kể của hệ thống.

• Ưu tiên trải nghiệm Người dùng: Pipeline cũng cho phép Pharos tinh chỉnh các loại "thuộc tính cuối cùng" khác nhau. Pharos tính ưu tiên cuối cùng của giao dịch (xác định kết quả của giao dịch nhanh), cung cấp phản hồi gần như ngay lập tức cho người dùng. Các giai đoạn sau tính chất cuối cùng của Khối (được hoàn thiện tuyệt đối) có thể xảy ra hiếm hơn một chút mà không ảnh hưởng đến trải nghiệm của người dùng ngay lập tức.

Song & Đường ống: Hiệu suất vượt trội của Pharos

Sức mạnh thực sự xuất hiện từ sự kết hợp hài hòa của cả hai cách tiếp cận:

• Xử lý bài hát tối ưu hóa hiệu suất trong từng giai đoạn của quy trình (ví dụ: thực hiện nhiều giao dịch cùng lúc trong giai đoạn Thực hiện).

• Kỹ thuật thiết lập đường ống tối ưu hóa quy trình làm việc giữa các giai đoạn khác nhau (ví dụ: chồng giai đoạn Thực hiện một giai đoạn với giai đoạn Đồng thuận của giai đoạn tiếp theo).

Điều này cho phép Pharos vượt qua hệ thống truyền tải nút thắt cổ chai, công việc tối đa hóa công việc sử dụng phần cứng tài nguyên và mạng, và cuối cùng mang lại tốc độ xử lý và khả năng phản xạ hoàng gia hồi phục để kiến ​​trúc tuần tự.

Phần kết luận

Hiệu suất của Pharos Network không phải là ngẫu nhiên. Đó là kết quả của một thiết kế chiến lược có mục tiêu chính là tập trung vào công việc phá vỡ giới hạn chế độ của quy trình xử lý hàng tuần bằng cách áp dụng chặt các bài hát xử lý nguyên tắc và đường ống . Bằng cách cho phép hệ thống thực hiện nhiều công việc cùng lúc và tối ưu hóa quy trình làm việc như một dây leo hiệu ứng nhanh, Pharos đang xây dựng một nền tảng không chỉ nhanh hơn mà còn được trang web tốt hơn để xử lý các nhu cầu ngày càng tăng của các ứng dụng Web3 tổng hợp, mang lại trải nghiệm mượt mà hơn, hiện tại hơn cho người dùng cuối cùng.

Theo dõi Pharos

• Trang web: https://pharosnetwork.xyz/

• Twitter: https://x.com/pharos_network

• Bất hòa: https://discord.gg/QRsy5aag

• Điện tín: https://t.me/PharosNetworkOfficial

• Telegram VN: https://t.me/PharosVN

Why a Modular Architecture?

Before peeling back the layers, it’s worth asking why Pharos chose modularity. It’s a strategic move offering several key advantages:

• Unleashing Diverse Computing Power: This design makes the most of different hardware resources (CPUs, GPUs, TEEs, ZK accelerators...), which is especially vital for the specialized applications running on SPNs.

• Harnessing Community Strength: Separating components like consensus, the VM, and storage invites specialized contributions from the wider community and partners, accelerating innovation and strengthening the entire infrastructure.

• Maximum Deployment Agility: Much like powerful frameworks like the Cosmos SDK or Substrate, this approach simplifies building custom L1s and L2s, encouraging a richer, more diverse ecosystem.

This choice clearly shows Pharos isn't just chasing speed; it's aiming for a level of flexibility and openness beyond traditional monolithic designs.

L1-Base: The Unshakeable Bedrock for Data and Speed

L1-Base acts as the essential ground floor, focusing on two basic, yet absolutely critical, elements:

• Data Availability (DA) – The Lifeblood of Layered Systems: As Layer 2 solutions and Pharos's own SPNs (more on those soon) become central, guaranteeing that original transaction data is always there for verification is non-negotiable. Without solid DA, the security of everything built on top crumbles. Pharos's L1-Base is engineered for "industry-leading" DA, tackling data integrity head-on – essential preparation for a thriving ecosystem of L2s and specialized networks.

• Hardware Acceleration – Optimization from the Start: Building hardware acceleration right into the Base layer shows a commitment to squeezing out performance from the very beginning. This not only speeds up basic operations but also frees up resources for the more complex tasks happening higher up, boosting the entire network's efficiency.

L1-Base isn't just background infrastructure. It's the guarantee of data integrity and the first crucial step-up in performance, setting the stage for L1-Core and L1-Extension to function securely and effectively.

L1-Core: The Powerful Heartbeat – Speed, Security, and Core Consensus

L1-Core is where Pharos unleashes its main processing might. It's far more than just a fast chain:

• High-Octane Execution & Consensus Engine: This layer powers mainnet transactions and locks down network-wide agreement. The focus isn't just on "high-throughput," but crucially on "sub-second finality." Getting transactions confirmed permanently, almost instantly, is a game-changer. It eliminates the lag common on many chains and delivers the kind of smooth, real-time user experience Pharos is striving for – much closer to what people expect from Web2.

• The Shared Security Anchor: L1-Core secures more than just itself. It acts as the security foundation for the entire expanding ecosystem through Native Restaking (explained in L1-Extension). The collective economic power and decentralization of L1-Core validators form the protective shield for specialized networks.

L1-Core stands as the network's pillar of security and its performance engine. Its speed and trustworthiness are vital for attracting users and applications, while providing the unshakeable security needed for the diverse layers built above it.

L1-Extension: The Infinite Playground for Innovation and Specialization

This is where Pharos truly flexes its innovative muscle and adaptability:

• SPNs – Shattering the "One-Size-Fits-All" Mold: The standout feature here is the ability to launch Special Processing Networks (SPNs). Instead of forcing every application onto the main L1 highway with its potential traffic jams, SPNs allow developers to create optimized environments for specific jobs. Need blistering speed for high-frequency trading? Require unique hardware for AI or zero-knowledge proofs? SPNs offer a tailored solution. This tackles the "bottleneck effect" directly by enabling focused optimization without bogging down or altering the mainnet.

• Native Restaking – A Smart Economic & Security Dance: Securing potentially hundreds of SPNs without demanding each build its own validator army sounds tricky, but Native Restaking provides an elegant answer. It allows L1-Core validators to leverage their existing stake to secure SPNs, creating an efficient shared security model. This gives SPNs immediate, robust security, offers validators extra earning potential, and makes the most of existing network resources – a truly clever blend of economics and technology.

• Bridging the Gaps with Cross-SPN Interop: While empowering specialization, Pharos also planned for connectivity. The risk of creating isolated SPN "islands" is mitigated by integrating a Cross-SPN Interoperability Protocol directly within the Extension layer. This ensures seamless communication and value transfer between SPNs and the mainnet, keeping the ecosystem cohesive.

L1-Extension is Pharos's engine for growth and its sandbox for innovation. It empowers the network to scale both outwards and upwards, catering to a vast array of market needs without sacrificing the core network's performance or integrity. This is how Pharos plans to host the "SuperApps" and complex Web3 experiences of the future.

The Sum of its Parts: A Unified System

The most crucial takeaway is the tight interplay and mutual support between the three layers:

• Base provides the foundation: DA and hardware acceleration from Base are prerequisites for Core and Extension.

• Core provides security and core speed: Security radiates from Core to Extension via restaking; Core's speed ensures the fundamental experience.

• Extension provides flexibility and specialization: Extension leverages Core's security and performance to create highly customized solutions.

Think of it like a building: L1-Base is the foundation and underground utilities; L1-Core is the strong structural frame and high-speed elevators; L1-Extension comprises the various floors, apartments, and specialized function rooms (gym, cinema, offices...) built upon that frame, all sharing the foundational infrastructure.

Conclusion

Pharos Network's three-layer architecture isn't just a technical choice; it's a strategic statement. It represents a comprehensive approach to solving the blockchain trilemma of performance, scalability, and flexibility. Through intelligent modularization, optimizing each layer, and creating powerful synergy between them, Pharos is building a Layer 1 platform that not only meets today's needs but is also poised to embrace the complex and diverse future of the Web3 world.

Follow Pharos

• Website: https://pharosnetwork.xyz/

• Twitter: https://x.com/pharos_network

• Discord: https://discord.gg/QRsy5aag

• Telegram: https://t.me/PharosNetworkOfficial

• Telegram VN: https://t.me/PharosVN

The Core Problems Pharos Addresses

So, what specific challenges is Pharos trying to fix? Even with all the progress in blockchain tech, some key headaches still get in the way of a truly smooth Web3 experience. Pharos is taking aim at these core issues:

• That Annoying Bottleneck Problem: Ever feel like speeding up one part of a system doesn't make the whole thing much faster? Blockchains often hit this wall. Tuning just consensus or execution runs into limits elsewhere, putting a cap on real-world speed (TPS).

• The Weight of 'State Bloat': Think of the blockchain's history like a constantly growing file. This 'state bloat' makes it sluggish and costly for new computers to join the network, demands better hardware, and generally slows things down.

• The Balancing Act: Scale vs. Decentralization: Sometimes, the powerful computers needed for top speed can make it harder for everyone to participate, potentially making the network less open and truly decentralized than we'd like.

• Layer 2's Own Hurdles: While Layer 2s help a lot with scaling, they bring their own set of challenges – like funds getting stuck on different L2s (fragmented liquidity), their own versions of state bloat, and annoying delays when you need to move things back to the main chain.

Pharos's Breakthrough Three-Layer Architecture

To overcome these challenges, Pharos introduces a unique three-layer architecture:

1. L1-Base: The solid foundation, focusing on industry-leading Data Availability (DA) and Hardware Acceleration. This layer ensures data is always ready and processed efficiently at the infrastructure level.

2. L1-Core: The heart of the network, providing an ultra-high-performance blockchain with massive throughput and sub-second finality. This layer delivers a smooth, real-time Web3 experience.

3. L1-Extension: The flexible expansion layer, enabling network growth through:

   • Heterogeneous Computation: Supporting the creation of Special Processing Networks (SPNs) – custom blockchain environments for specialized applications (AI, ZKML, HFT, GameFi...).

   • Native Restaking: An intrinsic restaking mechanism to secure SPNs and provide economic incentives for validators.

Key Technology

Pharos's strength lies in the deep integration of advanced technologies:

• Comprehensive Parallelism & Pipelining: Unlike sequential blockchains, Pharos thoroughly applies parallel processing at every level (consensus, execution, storage) and utilizes advanced pipelining techniques to maximize resource utilization and minimize latency. The unique Pharos Consensus allows multiple validators to propose blocks simultaneously, eliminating the classic single-proposer bottleneck.

• True Modular Architecture: The clear separation of functional layers makes Pharos flexible, easily upgradeable, customizable, and fosters collaboration from the community to build a robust Web3 ecosystem.

• Pharos Store – The Blockchain-Native Storage Solution: This is one of the most significant innovations, designed to combat state bloat by integrating Authenticated Data Structures (ADS) directly into the storage engine, using techniques like Version-Based Addressing and Delta Encoding. It promises substantial improvements in speed and reductions in storage costs.

• Special Processing Networks (SPNs) & Native Restaking: SPNs open the door for specialized, high-performance applications on Pharos. Native Restaking provides a flexible and economically efficient shared security model to protect these SPNs.

• Pharos VM & Diverse Support: The next-generation virtual machine supports both EVM and WASM, combined with native interoperability with co-processors (GPU, ZK, FHE, TEE...), significantly expanding the range of applications that can be built on-chain.

The Grand Vision: Building Web3 Infrastructure for Everyone

Pharos aims for more than just technological improvement. The project's vision is to create Web3 infrastructure capable of:

• Supporting global-scale payments with a Web2-like experience.

• Creating deep liquidity for both crypto assets and real-world assets (RWAs).

• Becoming the innovation platform for the next generations of dApps and SuperApps.

Road Map

• Devnet is living.

• Tesnet to launch in May 7, 2025.

• Mainnet expected in Q3.

Investor & Partners

Pharos Network successfully raised $8 million in a Seed round through a SAFE agreement with token warrants. Prominent investors include leading web3 funds such as Faction, HackVC, SNZ, Dispersion Capital, Hash Global, Generative Ventures, MH Ventures, Chorus One Ventures, LegendStar, and Zion.

Moreover, Pharos Network has established a strategic collaboration with Zan, a web3 company under Ant Digital Technologies (a subsidiary of Ant Group), to support the development of real-world asset (RWA) applications and enhance interoperability in the Web3 space. This partnership strengthens Pharos Network’s scalability, security, and flexibility for payment and DeFi applications.

Follow Pharos

• Website: https://pharosnetwork.xyz/

• Twitter: https://x.com/pharos_network

• Discord: https://discord.gg/QRsy5aag

• Telegram: https://t.me/PharosNetworkOfficial

• Telegram VN: https://t.me/PharosVN

Conclusion

Pharos Network is charting an ambitious course to reshape the future of Layer 1 blockchains. With its unique modular architecture, relentless focus on parallelism, and breakthrough technologies like Pharos Store and SPNs, Pharos has the potential to become a core infrastructure layer, solving long-standing problems and unlocking the true potential of Web3 for the next billion users.