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        <title>ClassZZ</title>
        <link>https://paragraph.com/@classzz</link>
        <description>CZZ is the first public chain to realize decentralized cross-chain transaction, supported by native token cross-chain protocol Te Waka.</description>
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            <title>ClassZZ</title>
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            <link>https://paragraph.com/@classzz</link>
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            <title><![CDATA[ClassZZ: Enhancing Access to DeFi]]></title>
            <link>https://paragraph.com/@classzz/classzz-enhancing-access-to-defi</link>
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            <pubDate>Wed, 22 Jun 2022 09:51:09 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[Decentralized finance is also known as DeFi for short, DeFi may completely change the way we see traditional financial services. DeFi is a movement that aims at making a new financial system that is open to everyone. Through DeFi many of the traditional centralized financial services that we have grown accustomed to, are available in a completely trustless, transparent, and efficient manner that does not require a central intermediary. In the past, we have always used centralized finance. Whi...]]></description>
            <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Decentralized finance is also known as DeFi for short, DeFi may completely change the way we see traditional financial services. DeFi is a movement that aims at making a new financial system that is open to everyone. Through DeFi many of the traditional centralized financial services that we have grown accustomed to, are available in a completely trustless, transparent, and efficient manner that does not require a central intermediary.</p><p>In the past, we have always used centralized finance. While traditional financial transactions are controlled by middlemen, decentralized finance frees the system from these institutions’ constraints. With drastically lower costs decentralized finance has great investment potential and its total value has grown. Decentralized Finance represents the alternative to traditional financial services. </p><p>There are no banks instead there are pieces of code that run and act as a bank. They are open to anyone. They do not require you to trust them because they are a piece of code. If you wanted to, you could read through them and verify that it is not going to scam you. There is also censorship resistance and cheaper than traditional centralized finance.</p><p>Decentralized finance represents an aspect of the crypto sphere which centralizes peer-to-peer (P2P) transactions and digital finance. It taps into the advantages of smart contracts and the efficiency and power of digital contracts that live on the blockchain, to provide platforms for lending, borrowing, trading, saving, and earning interest that do not require all of the usual bureaucracy and paperwork.</p><p>Our economy is becoming increasingly digital, but it may still be difficult to visualize this transformation action that DeFi represents. To understand how it works, let’s think of the lending process. </p><p>For one to be able to take out a loan through a bank, they have to fill out some documents, there are some credit scores to be checked, representatives to speak to, and time to be spent discussing your options and waiting for approvals. In the world of DeFi, you have the option to store your collateral in the system to obtain a loan within minutes and, once your loan is paid off, your collateral is returned to you. </p><p>In the same way, DeFi is designed to improve upon the process of holding savings on a decentralized platform because your assets can earn significant interest with higher rates. This kind of passive income is incompatible with the current banking system, which provides minimal interest to investors and doesn’t allow for the same level of financial growth over time. </p><p>It offers a financial revolution that helps eliminate economic gaps and creates attainable financial solutions through the use of crypto. DeFi is offering a more financially soluble future, empowering to build wealth independent of institutions and powered by blockchain and mathematics.</p><p>Why Decentralized Finance?</p><p>The primary goal of DeFi is to give everyone access to traditional financial services by providing a borderless, permissionless, and uncensored financial service ecosystem based on blockchain and smart contract technologies. With DeFi, people have full access to financial services and complete control of their assets and the decisions over them. This is the role decentralization plays. </p><p>Use cases for DeFi are users deposit their crypto into a smart contract, and when someone else borrows the money, they earn interest. Smart contracts connect borrowers and lenders and also distribute the interest. They give their account holders a certain level of control and access over what they do. Token holders are able to determine what they do with their tokens like vote on a variety of risk parameters, such as what collateral can be used, how much debt can be issued, and the fees charged.</p><p>DeFi democratizes access to financial services. DeFi offers decentralized financial services, censorship resistance, and worldwide participation regardless of social or financial status.</p><p>How can access to DeFi be enabled?</p><p>Most of DeFi services are web-based interfaces that interact with Ethereum blockchain on the backend through smart contracts.</p><p>Decentralized finance is built on three main things: cryptography, blockchain technology, and smart contracts. These are the same things upon which the ClassZZ main net is hinged.</p><p>What ClassZZ main net is doing with their blockchain is to have a blockchain that is fitted for the regulation and meeting the regulator’s demand. Our innovative cross-chain technology has enabled us to take a unique position in our approach to the market. Since Te Waka protocol is trustless, decentralized, and universal, our community operates on a basis of project neutrality. </p><p>The sole purpose of ClassZZ main net is to empower other DeFi projects to attain a further reach, through the integration of Te Waka protocol. In the back of the mind of the developers, they want to be complementary, and not be a competition to the vast majority of projects in the DeFi space.</p><p>Access to decentralized finance is enhanced through the use of stable coins, smart contracts, decentralized exchanges, and insurance. Evolution is the answer to everything that exists, and finance is no exception. </p><p>Through ClassZZ main net and the protocol it uses - Te Waka protocol, native tokens are exchanged. Mapped tokens are unable to participate in the DeFi activities, making them less attractive to users. Thus, native tokens are needed to participate and trade. Exchanges using native tokens are straightforward rather than indirect through centralized exchange services. </p><p>From anywhere you have an internet connection, you can lend, trade, and borrow using ClassZZ main net that records and verifies financial actions in distributed financial databases. A distributed database is accessible across various locations; it collects and aggregates data from all users and uses a consensus mechanism to verify it. </p><p>In conclusion, imagine an ecosystem or a system where you have control over your finances with transparent, trustless, permissionless, interoperable, and decentralized features. This is what ClassZZ main net developers seek to give account holders. This is still at its progressing stages. Something magical is happening in the open financial system. Crypto is bringing money online, and there is a quantum leap in what is possible when it comes to the functionality of money. This is a rare opportunity to see an entirely new industry blossom from scratch. The DeFi space will at first play catch up with today’s financial services industry. But with time, it is hard to even fathom what innovations will come about when the power to build financial services is democratized to anyone who can write code.</p>]]></content:encoded>
            <author>classzz@newsletter.paragraph.com (ClassZZ)</author>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[The Decentralization of Cross Chain Transactions]]></title>
            <link>https://paragraph.com/@classzz/the-decentralization-of-cross-chain-transactions</link>
            <guid>FrsFUwCmqP6YqNIXvlld</guid>
            <pubDate>Mon, 06 Jun 2022 09:13:38 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[A major challenge faced by blockchain technology is an issue of interdependence and interoperability of blockchains; it had become tough for asset exchange to be complete between different blockchains. Thus, different blockchain main nets could not leverage the advantages or benefits of another blockchain. For this to be mitigated, it has become necessary to introduce the concept of cross-chain technology. Through cross-chain technology, transactions between blockchain main nets take place se...]]></description>
            <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>A major challenge faced by blockchain technology is an issue of interdependence and interoperability of blockchains; it had become tough for asset exchange to be complete between different blockchains. Thus, different blockchain main nets could not leverage the advantages or benefits of another blockchain. For this to be mitigated, it has become necessary to introduce the concept of cross-chain technology. Through cross-chain technology, transactions between blockchain main nets take place securely.</p><p>The central focus of our post today is on the decentralized nature of these cross chain transactions. What do we mean by decentralization?</p><p>To answer that, imagine when you were in a controlled monitored situation where everything you ever want to do had to be vetted, observed, and accessed by someone else other than you. That is what decentralization is NOT. </p><p>Decentralization is not a new concept. It has roots in different parlance and now in technology.</p><p>Decentralization refers to the transfer of control, access, and decision-making from a centralized or third-party authority or entity to a distributed network. Decentralization implies that power is not concentrated in the power of one but of many and no one in particular. For blockchain technology, decentralization implies that every transaction or transfer of the asset is verified on a permissionless public chain.</p><p>In cross-chain transactions, multiple parties exchange assets across multiple blockchains. It facilitates an easy swap or exchange of tokens between two unique blockchain networks. The users can easily swap tokens directly without the use of a centralized medium facilitated by a smart contract. With cross-chain transactions, there is an assurance of improved privacy, reduction in trading fees, and reduction in time spent in transactions.</p><p>Cross-chain transactions ensure that cross-chain swaps are possible and it is easy to transfer assets that are already owned across several blockchains. Therefore, cross-chain transactions are facilitated by the interoperability of blockchains. The asset transferred must be under the same ownership as the individual who initiated the transaction but in general, a cross chain transaction includes a sequence of exchanges at each blockchain.</p><p>Are there advantages to cross-chain transactions? Have you ever stopped to think about what those advantages could be?</p><p>Apparently, with cross-chain transactions, there is an assurance of improved privacy, reduction in trading fees, and reduction in time spent in a transaction. Technically speaking, the emergence of cross chains was an improvement in themselves to blockchain technologies. With continuous use, it has been said to be more efficient in its use, thus owning to its improved efficiencies. </p><p>Cross-chain transactions enable two or more blockchain main nets to trade off their efficiencies, decentralization, features set, and security. </p><p>As we can see, decentralization is a major advantage of cross-chain transactions. For cross-chain transactions, this holds a major stake in establishing the authenticity of the blockchain main nets for users.</p><p>Indeed if decentralization is not important, centralized exchanges have allowed users to send tokens cross chain since a decade ago. Decentralization of cross-chain transactions shows that transactions can be made across chains without interference from intermediaries or third-party authorities. </p><p>A major benefit is that it promotes trust among users of the blockchain’s main net platform. It facilitates a decentralized transaction and exchange in a completely trustless way, thus, integrating existing systems, initiating transactions on other networks, conducting transactions with other chains, transacting between deployments on the same chain by integrating apps, and making it easy to switch one underlying platform for another. </p><p>A key feature of ClassZZ main net inter blockchain interactions is that the connected blockchains do not need to communicate with each other directly. Instead, they are able to send packets of information from dedicated channels, which use smart contract modules that include a light client for trustlessly verifying that the state sent by the other blockchain is valid. The trustless and permissionless nature of ClassZZ main net inter blockchain interactions means that any party can operate a relayer and the participating blockchains do not need to trust the parties that transfer the information.</p><p>Why is it important to establish trust and credibility in data and transactions? </p><p>Let us look at the real world- our traditional financial institutions, the credibility of an entity is typically determined by its power and scale. Entities deemed as “credit-worthy”, such as governments, banks, and large corporations receive credit at a much lower interest rate than small businesses and individuals.</p><p>Decentralization is, therefore, a new type of authenticity, credibility, and trust. Users trust that the transactions they make are secure and the address the transaction is being sent to is not monitored and is immutable. They trust that their activities online cannot be hacked into by third parties and that other users’ credibility and activities are verified. With this in mind, we see that it is the trustless, permissionless, and decentralization nature of blockchains that is truly revolutionary and the central idea behind which ClassZZ main net seeks to carry out which is why you would always be made to understand that the entire value proposition of the Class ZZ network, and the associated Te Waka protocol is in its ability to conduct cross chain transactions in a completely trustless, permissionless and decentralized manner.</p><p>ClassZZ main net adopts the characteristics of decentralization on a broader scale to ensure the security and authenticity of cross chain transactions performed across it. A major way to achieve this is through the use of a standard protocol. People on different blockchains cannot achieve optimal decentralization without the use of an optimal and standard protocol which in the ClassZZ main net case is the use of the Te Waka Protocol.</p><p>The decentralized nature of cross chain transactions creates the possibility of reducing transaction fees, faster transaction processes, and greater ease in transfers and transactions. However, one cannot argue that the major remarkable achievement of ClassZZ main net decentralization of cross chain transactions is the element of greater security in their functioning.</p><p>Cross-chain transactions are being decentralized on blockchain technology as the norm behind data sharing, asset exchange, or token exchange security. </p>]]></content:encoded>
            <author>classzz@newsletter.paragraph.com (ClassZZ)</author>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[ClassZZ: Enhancing Inter-blockchain Interactions]]></title>
            <link>https://paragraph.com/@classzz/classzz-enhancing-inter-blockchain-interactions</link>
            <guid>5zsbWJNfl883QNMTLlmB</guid>
            <pubDate>Sun, 22 May 2022 13:41:06 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[The rapid emergence and growth of blockchain technology have created a huge number of decentralized applications and platforms. However, the majority of these networks are operating in a separate environment, which limits the scalability and connectivity of the networks. Due to the limited connectivity of blockchain networks, the current state of the blockchain industry is characterized by the lack of trust between its various members. Researchers and developers are now focusing on developing...]]></description>
            <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>The rapid emergence and growth of blockchain technology have created a huge number of decentralized applications and platforms. However, the majority of these networks are operating in a separate environment, which limits the scalability and connectivity of the networks.</p><p>Due to the limited connectivity of blockchain networks, the current state of the blockchain industry is characterized by the lack of trust between its various members. Researchers and developers are now focusing on developing a strategy to improve the interoperability of blockchain platforms.</p><p>Interoperability is a process that enables various blockchain networks to communicate with each other, which significantly increases the connectivity of the networks. Many researchers, creators and developers are working on developing a cross-chain communication solution that can solve these issues.</p><p>Advancements in blockchain technology keep getting better with time and applications. The blockchain technology industry is experiencing a revolution of developments and community engagements. Interoperability of blockchains has been understood to make it easy for blockchain main nets to communicate with each other without interferences from third parties. This has led to the concept known as Inter Blockchain Interactions. </p><p>Inter blockchain interactions are an open‐source protocol necessary for relaying messages between independently distributed ledgers. It was created to connect independent blockchains to one another.</p><p>Given the potential of blockchain interoperability and cross blockchain communication and interactions, many researchers, creators and developers in the blockchain technology field are working on finding the optimal cross blockchain communication solution.</p><p>One thing to note when it comes to blockchain technology is that the ability of blockchains to interact, communicate and talk to each other is very important. With the aid of the protocol the different blockchain main nets are able to exchange digital assets and leverage their data packets.</p><p>The creators and developers of the ClassZZ main nets are saddled with the vision to take blockchain technology to the top by eliminating the different barriers users of the technology experience. Thus, this has necessitated a need to enhance inter blockchain interactions. </p><p>With ClassZZ, connected blockchains do not only need to communicate with each other directly. They rather are able to send packets of information through dedicated channels using smart contracts to connect to the chains. </p><p>By seeking to enhance inter blockchain interactions, ClassZZ permits different and heterogeneous chains to trustlessly communicate with each other and exchange value, particularly tokens, which makes them interoperable. For independent blockchains to communicate with each other trustlessly, a protocol is necessary for the main net to work. </p><p><strong>ClassZZ and how it enhances inter blockchain interactions</strong></p><p>ClassZZ main net aims to usher in a new era of blockchain globalization. When it comes to blockchains, there has been the existing challenge of blockchains to interact and exchange tokens with each other. This is where the creators of ClassZZ main net stepped in to create a solution where blockchains can exchange data in a secure manner with each other. </p><p>It is what enables different chains to communicate with each other. To achieve this, there is a need for a blockchain protocol to come into existence. This is where the Te Waka protocol because more useful. The need to closely knit blockchains together as a growing community and not allow them stand individually, it is necessary for inter blockchain interactions to take place.</p><p>Users of the blockchain main net can take data from one chain and use it on the other. For ClassZZ, users are able to transfer native tokens from one address to another without having to deposit it to a published address in exchange for a mapped token of another blockchain. Under the Te Waka protocol, inter blockchain transactions inputs are already settled on another blockchain. Hence, the transaction themselves can be settled in a highly parallel manner. Through a clever use of sharding and the Te Waka protocol, we present the capsule protocol which would allow the Class ZZ main net to achieve unbounded scalability. This will enable Te Waka to process cross chain transaction between high throughput networks like Ethereum layer 2 with plenty of room for redundancy.</p><p>The Te Waka protocol, in this case, would be described as an inter-blockchain interaction protocol. It is a reliable and secure inter module communication protocol, which is deterministic and runs on independent machines including replicated state machines. It will serve as a standard for interactions between blockchains.</p><p>The developers of ClassZZ main net have been able to build the technology to introduce inter blockchain interactions over a period of time to demonstrate its correctness, ensure its security and immutability. </p><p>A key feature of ClassZZ main net inter blockchain interactions is that the connected blockchains do not need to communicate with each other directly. Instead, they are able to send packets of information from dedicated channels, which use smart contract modules that include a light client for trustlessly verifying that the state sent by the other blockchain is valid. The trustless and permissionless nature of ClassZZ main net inter blockchain interactions means that any party can operate a relayer and the participating blockchains do not need to trust the parties that transfer the information.</p><p>Once blockchains interact with each other, series of transactions take place where each transaction contains information and proofs of the state of the other chain. This interaction serves to allow the different blockchains to authenticate each other, ensure they are using the correct identifiers, and prepare to send and receive packets safely. </p><p>Once the interaction occurs, data packets can be relayed between the chains through transactions packets which contain serialized data. The data could be anything from a smart contract function execution to a token transfer. </p><p>This opens up a wide range of usage and functions for the future of blockchains. With inter blockchain interactions, ClassZZ main net developers have built a wide range of cross chain applications which includes native token transfers, atomic swaps, multi-chain smart contracts and data and code sharding of various kinds.</p><p>To conclude, inter blockchain interactions holds so many benefits for the blockchain technology world. ClassZZ is an interoperable blockchain which has unbounded scalability and operates using the Te Waka protocol which is a cross chain protocol for native tokens. The features and qualities of this protocol gives a boost in enhancing inter blockchain interactions in a completely trustless, permissionless and decentralized manner.</p>]]></content:encoded>
            <author>classzz@newsletter.paragraph.com (ClassZZ)</author>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[ClassZZ: Connecting Smart Contract Enabled Blockchains]]></title>
            <link>https://paragraph.com/@classzz/classzz-connecting-smart-contract-enabled-blockchains</link>
            <guid>2zrqstdUQkfHz8LGzqky</guid>
            <pubDate>Sun, 22 May 2022 13:35:12 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[In recent times, the development of blockchain technology has been introduced to different sectors of the economy, especially the financial sector. This has introduced a crypto economy. This technology was further developed and taken to the next level where a decentralized and trustless ecosystem is created to remove the involvement of third-party authorities in transactions. This development was made possible due to the appearance of a smart contract. Blockchain-enabled smart contracts hold ...]]></description>
            <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>In recent times, the development of blockchain technology has been introduced to different sectors of the economy, especially the financial sector. This has introduced a crypto economy. This technology was further developed and taken to the next level where a decentralized and trustless ecosystem is created to remove the involvement of third-party authorities in transactions. This development was made possible due to the appearance of a smart contract.</p><p>Blockchain-enabled smart contracts hold a lot of advantages and this article seeks to discuss everything about connecting smart contract-enabled blockchains. Ethereum is the world’s first smart contract platform, which remains the most popular choice among developers to this day. The challenges relating to the scalability problems of Ethereum gave its competitors a window of opportunity to secure a market share in the world of smart contract platforms, and they are here to stay. Smart contracts were made popular by the rise of bitcoin and blockchain technology but some were of the opinion that it had been around for a while. </p><p><strong>What then are smart contracts?</strong></p><p>Smart contracts are like contracts in the real world. The only difference is that they are digital. It is a computer program that is stored inside a blockchain. </p><p>Smart contracts are referred to as digital contracts that are stored on a blockchain and that are automatically executed when predetermined terms and conditions are met.</p><p>Smart contracts are simply programs stored on a blockchain that function when the prior set conditions for it to function are met. They are used to typically automate how an agreement is carried out so that all participants or users can be immediately certain of the outcome, without any third-party or intermediary’s involvement or time loss. They can also automate a workflow, triggering the next action when conditions are met.</p><p>Therefore, a smart contract-enabled blockchain is a self-executing computer program that utilizes blockchain to store the contract’s terms. When the conditions embedded in the contract are met, the program executes itself, which effectively eliminates intermediaries. Moreover, with smart contracts in place, transaction costs are significantly decreased, while the transaction speed is dramatically increased.</p><p>Smart contracts can call functions of other contracts and can create and deploy other contracts.</p><p><strong>What are the benefits of Smart Contracts?</strong></p><p>Smart contract execution can result in the exchange of money, delivery of services, unlocking of content protected by digital rights management, or other types of data manipulation such as changing the name on a land title. Smart contracts can also be used to enforce privacy protection by, for example, facilitating the selective release of privacy-protected data to meet a specific request.</p><p>Smart contracts enabled blockchain comes with ease and swiftness in technology. they make massive improvements to normal contracts in several areas including speed of execution, cost surrounding the agreements, and security.</p><p>Blockchain enabled smart contracts to handle challenges that involve extreme centrality, contract conflict of interest, enforcement, and transparency. The smart contract enables blockchains to solve these challenges by being decentralized, fully transparent, and auto executing pieces of code that do not need to rely on a third-party intermediary. Because smart contracts are stored on a blockchain, they are immutable and distributed.</p><p>ClassZZ&apos;s main net connects all smart contract-enabled blockchains in a way that will define how humans interact in the future. With a smart contract on the ClassZZ main net, an ecosystem is built that does not require a third party or a centralized authority. With the universality feature of the Te Waka protocol for the ClassZZ main net, one protocol connects all smart contract enabled blockchain, unlike the bridge protocols that only connect two chains at a time. </p><p>In other for this to be successful and all smart contracts enabled blockchains are connected, ClassZZ main net makes use of the cross chain technology where different blockchains are able to interact and communicate with each other. For this to be achieved, the blockchains involved must be smart contract enabled. </p><p>As mentioned earlier, the protocol on which the ClassZZ network is launched is the Te Waka protocol. The Te Waka protocol is designed in such a way that cross-chain smart contract is deployed on other networks. The cross-chain smart contract has three main functions which include mint, burning, and calling a decentralized exchange such as Uniswap. When it comes to minting, main net CZZ tokens are sent to the NUMS address, the corresponding smart contract will execute mint. When the user burn mapped tokens via the cross-chain smart contract, it will result in a negative block reward to the corresponding NUMS address, administrated by PoW miners. When the user burns mapped tokens via the cross-chain smart contract and indicates that she wants to receive mapped tokens of another blockchain, it will result in a negative block reward to the starting NUMS address, and a positive block reward to the destination NUMS address, administrated by PoW miners.</p><p><strong>Summary</strong></p><p>In other words, ClassZZ main net will successfully connect smart contract-enabled blockchain through the application of cross-chain technology. The data written on each blockchain cannot be changed. It self-executes itself depending on the program written on it. This provides the ClassZZ users with trust in the system. </p><p>It is worth noting that ClassZZ was created to promote trust and one way it can achieve this is through the employability of smart contracts. By connecting all smart contracts enabled blockchain, ClassZZ main net strives to resolve the issues of trust. </p><p>The integral component of this main net or ecosystem is the Te Waka protocol, which is responsible for network interoperability through cross-chain technology, a trustless, permissionless, and decentralized system. They make ClassZZ main net attractive as they allow their developers and designers to create their own blockchains with custom native tokens. </p><p>ClassZZ smart contracts are considered among the most secure ones in the industry because the platform supports transparency, decentralization, data security, and trust, which guarantees that smart contracts will execute exactly what it is intended to achieve. Every smart contract on the platform is audited before deployment. </p>]]></content:encoded>
            <author>classzz@newsletter.paragraph.com (ClassZZ)</author>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[ClassZZ: Universal Cross Chain Compatibility]]></title>
            <link>https://paragraph.com/@classzz/classzz-universal-cross-chain-compatibility</link>
            <guid>zlLJXlECUFY6wBEbxm5a</guid>
            <pubDate>Fri, 13 May 2022 16:00:19 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[Due to the independence between blockchains, it is tough for asset exchange to be complete between different blockchains. This implied that different blockchain main nets could not leverage the advantages or benefits of another blockchain. The different blockchain main nets are unable to communicate with each other. For this challenge to be combated, the concept of cross chain technology as well as multi cross chain technology was developed. This concept led to concepts like cross-chain trans...]]></description>
            <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Due to the independence between blockchains, it is tough for asset exchange to be complete between different blockchains. This implied that different blockchain main nets could not leverage the advantages or benefits of another blockchain. The different blockchain main nets are unable to communicate with each other. For this challenge to be combated, the concept of cross chain technology as well as multi cross chain technology was developed. This concept led to concepts like cross-chain transactions and blockchain interoperability.</p><p>From this point, different blockchain main nets could interact with each other and exchanges could be made on them. Digital assets and tokens could be exchanged between the blockchain main nets in a decentralized ecosystem and without centralized authorities. This encouraged trust and data immutability.</p><p>ClassZZ blockchain main net presents to you a platform that ensures cross-chain transactions. ClassZZ is an excellent example of a blockchain project trying to explore cross-chain transactions. The aim is to make it possible for individuals to exchange native tokens and digital assets freely across different blockchains. The individual who makes the transaction to send out an asset to a particular must have the asset under his ownership before initiating the transaction. This forms the foundation of ClassZZ cross-chain transactions.</p><p>By using the Te Waka protocol that supports cross-chain transactions, ClassZZ is able to support message and transaction transmission between chains to ensure a free flow of communication. The Te Waka protocol is designed and presented as the first decentralized cross chain protocol for native tokens.</p><p>When we talk of cross-chain compatibility, we imply that clients can make transactions on any kind of blockchain to exchange tokens. With ClassZZ main net, universal cross chain compatibility is made possible. Several blockchains for different purposes exist and despite the huge potentials of these blockchains, their optimal leveraging power cannot be fully explored when cross-chain compatibility is not supported.</p><p>Generally, it has been proven that cross-chain compatibility can be achieved when it comes to blockchain technology. Once this potential is harnessed, cross-chain transactions become easier. The aim is to make it possible for blockchains to interact and share communication, information, and transactions between each other freely in a trustless, permissionless, and decentralized manner.</p><p>ClassZZ main net was designed with the principle of blockchain interoperability in mind. Native tokens are made possible to be exchanged and transacted upon on the main net. With this in mind, the design of ClassZZ was set up to accommodate other chains. Test linkages will be effected as a chain gets signed up to ensure that cross-chain transactions are properly safeguarded and traceable on the ClassZZ blockchain.</p><p>Optimization of each blockchain will be enhanced when integrated into ClassZZ so that other chains can enjoy the full complement of cross-chain functionalities.</p><p>This is what Universal cross chain compatibility means.</p><p>ClassZZ main net is designed to recognize the ability of multiple cross-chain transactions to share existing capacities and resources. Improvement to the efficiency of the cross-chain transactions for the ClassZZ main net comes from the acknowledgment of the low throughput of the PoW main net. The type of transactions processed by the Te Waka protocol and the validity of input is confirmed on other blockchains ensuring that the validity of a cross-chain transaction does not depend on the finality of past transactions on the CZZ main net.</p><p>Further improvement is reflected in creating a special sharded blockchain for unbounded scalability with the process of cross-chain transactions. The parallel nature of cross-chain transactions means that the ClassZZ main net can simply increase the number of shards to provide for better throughput. This makes ClassZZ to be the first blockchain network to have unbounded scalability.</p><p>Universal cross chain compatibility cannot be fully said of the ClassZZ main net without making reference to the universality of the Te Waka Protocol which is designed to be able to connect all smart contracts enabled blockchains, unlike bridge protocols that only connect two chains at a time. ClassZZ is able to connect several other blockchains at a time so long as they have compatible features.</p><p>The capabilities designed into ClassZZ make room for the ability of native tokens to be exchanged without users depositing their native tokens to a published address, in exchange for mapped tokens of another blockchain. With ClassZZ, direct exchanges of native tokens can be made across multiple chains directly without using a published address.</p><p><strong>ClassZZ</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Universal Cross Chain Compatibility</strong></p><p>ClassZZ is built to enable one blockchain to communicate with another one regardless of their description as private or public. Private to private blockchains or public to public blockchains would be able to interact with each other as well as private to public blockchains.</p><p>This shows no restrictions with the blockchains interacting. It ensures that the different blockchain enjoys a seamless interaction.</p><p>The ClassZZ main net according to achieving universal cross chain compatibility ensures that the transactions and exchanges of digital assets and native tokens are complete. Irrespective of the different chains involved, the order of transactions remains the same without disrupting protocols. When a transaction originates within a chain, the support system for validating the transaction exists as an internal process. When a third-party chain is involved, the process is extended to ensure that the destination chain’s checks and approvals are provided and authenticated.</p><p>What is most important in every transaction is to ensure that the pathway is clearly defined, the authorization is clear cut, and the outcome is traceable according to pre-defined parameters.</p><p>In conclusion, to make it possible for native tokens to be transacted across different chains to properly enable blockchain interoperability, the design of ClassZZ was made such that blockchains can communicate seamlessly.</p><p>The advantage for the creators of the ClassZZ main net and the users is reflected in the use cases of the ClassZZ main net. Enabling universal cross-chain compatibility on the ClassZZ main net will broaden the use case and the reach irrespective of what blockchain they are based on.</p><p>The advantages of this aspect of the blockchain technology that seemed farfetched but are now achievable are vast and ClassZZ seeks to incorporate it to ensure seamless cross-chain transactions between blockchains.</p>]]></content:encoded>
            <author>classzz@newsletter.paragraph.com (ClassZZ)</author>
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            <title><![CDATA[CLASSZZ: SECURE MULTI-TOKEN TRANSACTIONS]]></title>
            <link>https://paragraph.com/@classzz/classzz-secure-multi-token-transactions</link>
            <guid>Y4YE4SDlLdG7E0LV3BSA</guid>
            <pubDate>Tue, 26 Apr 2022 13:34:17 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[We have discussed in detail the ClassZZ main net and the protocol it uses, as well as the advantage of the main net built to achieve unbounded scalability. In discussing tokens, we understood that the ClassZZ main net facilitates the transfers and transactions of native tokens. This is what will be referred to in this discussion. It is imperative to understand that token transactions are done online via a blockchain network. For the ClassZZ main net, we understood previously that the main net...]]></description>
            <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>We have discussed in detail the ClassZZ main net and the protocol it uses, as well as the advantage of the main net built to achieve unbounded scalability. In discussing tokens, we understood that the ClassZZ main net facilitates the transfers and transactions of native tokens. This is what will be referred to in this discussion.</p><p>It is imperative to understand that token transactions are done online via a blockchain network. For the ClassZZ main net, we understood previously that the main net can ensure transactions and exchanges with native tokens under a decentralized and permissionless platform. ClassZZ makes use of the Te Waka protocol which is the world’s first decentralized cross-chain protocol for native tokens and is been proposed as the industry norm for cross-chain transactions.</p><p>The blockchain space as we know it has entered into a multi-chain era. A major advantage of blockchain technology is that it enables multi-token transactions. The compatibility between blockchains makes it easy for tokens to be transferred with ease across various blockchains. This recap is necessary for further discussions today.</p><p>We will look at tokens and the $CZZ Token.</p><p>Tokens are either native to a blockchain protocol or deployed on top of an existing blockchain protocol via user-generated logic at the smart contract layer.</p><p>A token is essentially a digital asset securely stored on the blockchain. Tokens are most often known to be cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin or Ether tokens. For ClassZZ main net, the token used is known as $CZZ Token. The $CZZ tokens are created as part of the ClassZZ main net platform that is built on an existing blockchain.</p><p>The $CZZ Token represents a tradable asset that resides on its blockchain.</p><p><strong>MAJOR POINTS TO NOTE ABOUT THE $CZZ TOKEN</strong></p><p>·         $CZZ Token is an asset used on the ClassZZ main net.</p><p>·         It can be used for transaction and investment purposes.</p><p>·         Consensus: Proof of work</p><p>·         Users would hold $CZZ Tokens on the main net as a store of value while making transactions using mainly mapped tokens.</p><p>Token transfers can be achieved without any permission being required or with protocol-defined rules and allowed lists that restrict the pool of eligible receiving addresses. For example, it can be possible to have third parties place transfer restrictions or hold. Sending fungible tokens to other blockchain addresses allows one-time payments or recurring payments. Manually transferring tokens to well-known burner addresses, which are computationally near impossible for anyone to own, is equivalent to renouncing or destroying the ownership of the tokens in a verifiable way as the transaction provides proof of ownership renunciation. Tokens can also be transferred to smart contracts for collateralization and staking with redemption value though the smart contracts may need to implement functions that allow the tokens to be transferred out or else they may be permanently locked up.</p><p>Let us discuss multi-token transactions a little deeper.</p><p>One of the interesting things about blockchain technology is its decentralized nature. This ensures the security and immutability of data, trust, and control by users of a blockchain main net. It is highly possible to perform multi-token transactions.</p><p>Multi token transactions simply describe exchanges of different tokens made over a blockchain main net. This ensures easy trading and transactions over different token types. Multi token transactions in the form of transfers can be done by doing all transfers in a contract function and then executing that function in a single transaction.</p><p>The secure multi-token transaction is a process of transferring, managing, and making payments using any combination of multiple token types at once without challenges of the security posed.</p><p>Multi token transactions are meant to be secure and done over a trustless, universal, permissionless, and decentralized network. The interface on which this transaction takes place should not be traced or hacked into. It should be a standard interface for contracts that can manage multiple token types. A single deployed contract may include any combination of fungible tokens, non-fungible tokens, or other configurations.</p><p>The idea of having a secure multi-token transaction cannot be achieved if the multi-token standard is not designed to be secured. The idea is simple and seeks to create a smart contract interface that can represent and control any number of fungible and non-fungible token types.</p><p><strong>Ways to ensure the security of multi-token transactions are multilevel:</strong></p><p>·         At the base layer, blockchain networks and consensus models have varying security, immutability, scalability, and functionality levels.</p><p>·         At the custody management level, users must hold and manage their private keys securely to avoid tokens being lost or stolen as well as carefully review transactions before signing them. Recoverability techniques must be assessed to meet individual needs.</p><p>·         At the smart contract layer, external data sources can be attacked or add inaccurate data to the blockchain. Smart contracts can also be subject to different types of security bugs and transaction-ordering attacks, which can lead to the loss of staked tokens, fraudulent transactions, manipulation of protocol governance, and freezing of some key protocol components. Security analysis, audits, and formal verification by reputable entities and public bug bounty programs can help identify and mitigate smart contract security risks.</p><p>·         Protocol governance itself also involves risks, such as those related to administrative privileges being stolen or misused or, more generally, those related to behaviors that undermine confidence and game-theoretic attacks. Multi-signature schemes and delays are often used as preventive measures.</p><p>Protocols that enable financial instruments have specific risks, such as liquidation risk and, more generally, collateral management risks. Re-collateralization schemes at the protocol level (e.g., protocol-native tokens serving as backstops), as well as hedging and mutualized insurance schemes at the user level, may help mitigate these risks.</p><p>The nature of the design of the ClassZZ main net ensures that the transactions done on it are secure. This includes the security of multi-token transactions. The emphasis is on the security of the transactions done using more than one token.</p><p>ClassZZ main net ensures that a multi-token transaction is secure when a consensus mechanism validates and agrees upon all token transactions within the blocks, ensuring that each transaction is true and correct. The ClassZZ main net offers an innovative approach to storing information, executing token transactions, performing functions, and establishing trust in an open environment.</p><p>Using the Te Waka protocol, a smart contract, and an unbounded scalability advantage, the security of the multi-token transactions on the ClassZZ main net platform is achievable.</p>]]></content:encoded>
            <author>classzz@newsletter.paragraph.com (ClassZZ)</author>
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            <title><![CDATA[CLASSZZ: CROSS-CHAIN INTEGRATION]]></title>
            <link>https://paragraph.com/@classzz/classzz-cross-chain-integration</link>
            <guid>kluFMPP1jIPPmWtg5VfI</guid>
            <pubDate>Sun, 17 Apr 2022 12:53:28 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[Different blockchains exist around the world with each of them having its role, mechanism, and transaction methods. They, however, find it difficult to share data between themselves. Taking some steps back, it would be beneficial to recap a little on the essence of blockchain technology. A blockchain is a sequential time-sensitive stream of data that is verifiable by a consensus of computers called nodes that make up its network. Each data record is called a block which is linked to each othe...]]></description>
            <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Different blockchains exist around the world with each of them having its role, mechanism, and transaction methods. They, however, find it difficult to share data between themselves. Taking some steps back, it would be beneficial to recap a little on the essence of blockchain technology.  </p><p>A blockchain is a sequential time-sensitive stream of data that is verifiable by a consensus of computers called nodes that make up its network. Each data record is called a block which is linked to each other and secured using cryptography. Cryptography ensures each new data record is unique and not tampered with.</p><p>Each coin has its blockchain like Bitcoin and Ethereum. What each blockchain network does is ensure that each transaction is secure and unique. Challenges come up with the exchange of currencies from one blockchain network to another making the process difficult and incurring extra charges when trying to convert assets from, for example, Ethereum for bitcoin. This process is not only tedious but also time-consuming and costly.</p><p>The cost of transactions and the time it takes to finish a single transaction, which goes up to several seconds in some blockchains itemizes some of the challenges facing blockchains. The complexity of this process increases when a transaction is made from one blockchain to another.</p><p>In the financial world, for cryptocurrency to survive, the issues of cross-chain transactions must be solved. When we talk about cross-chain transactions, we refer to transactions from a blockchain of one type of cryptocurrency to a blockchain of another type of cryptocurrency.</p><p>In cross-chain transactions, multiple parties exchange assets across multiple blockchains. It enables easy-swap or exchange of tokens between two unique blockchains networks. The users can easily swap tokens directly without the use of a centralized medium facilitated by a smart contract.</p><p>With cross-chain transactions, there is an assurance of improved privacy, reduction in trading fees, and reduction in time spent in a transaction.</p><p>Blockchain developers have for some time now been thinking of ways to resolve the situation. Atomic swaps were introduced, making it easy for transactions to be made in a trustless manner and it also ensures the outcome of the transaction is secured.</p><p>With the cross-chain communication technology between the two blockchains, an atomic swap is possible, making it easy to directly exchange Ethereum for bitcoin or tokens on one blockchain network for tokens on another blockchain network.</p><p>This illustration shows how different blockchains can communicate and transact with each other.</p><p>The issue of their inability to communicate with each other necessitates the need for inter-blockchain operation and communication, introducing the use of cross-chain technology.</p><p>Cross-chain technology is used to promote and facilitate communication between different blockchain networks. Different blockchain networks can communicate with each other and tap into the strength of other blockchain networks in a decentralized method. Several protocols have been created to meet this need but it has proven difficult due to their inability to exchange native tokens.</p><p> By standard, cross-chain technology facilitates blockchain interoperability, where data and transactions on each blockchain can communicate with one another. By so doing, the siloed nature of blockchains is disrupted to create an intertwined distributed ecosystem.</p><p>Individual blockchains are faced with problems of scalability and trying to solve them. It may take a while before it is fully resolved. The ClassZZ main net is hereby introduced to solve these issues.</p><p>In our previous article, we described the ClassZZ network as a blockchain main net that seeks to provide unbounded scalability using cross-chain transactions, where users can get native tokens from one blockchain to another.</p><p>The ClassZZ network and the Te Waka protocol promise to carry out cross-chain transactions in a total trustless, permissionless and decentralized manner. Our focus would be on describing how the ClassZZ intends to carry out secure cross-chain transactions.</p><p>ClassZZ solves issues relating to scalability, time, and cost by designing and activating a decentralized platform. By using the Te Waka protocol, all cross-chain transactions are settled already on another blockchain. Hence, the transaction themselves can be settled in a highly parallel manner.</p><p>The ClassZZ main net uses sharding and the Te Waka protocol to achieve unbounded scalability through the present capsule protocol. This will enable Te Waka to process cross-chain transactions between high throughput networks like Ethereum layer 2 with plenty of room for redundancy.</p><p>ClassZZ aims to easily facilitate the swap and exchange of native tokens on different blockchain networks. These exchanges are facilitated by smart contracts. The essence of the introduction of the ClassZZ blockchain main net is that the main use case is in the cross-chain protocol of native tokens. Users would hold CZZ tokens on the main net as a store of value while making transactions using mainly mapped tokens which will leverage on the throughput of other networks, and shards of the Class ZZ network.</p><p>The designers of ClassZZ main net are focused on building a universal platform that assures the provision of secure services that facilitates and enables easy interactions and transactions across multiple blockchain network platforms.</p><p>By encouraging cross-chain transactions, ClassZZ main net promotes blockchain interoperability, which allows different blockchains to speak and communicate with one another.</p><p>The benefit of this is that with ClassZZ, there is increased efficiency, reduced fragmentation, and users are allowed to transact between blockchains. The cross-chain technology enables blockchain interoperability, thus, making it possible for cross-chain transactions to take place.</p><p>For ClassZZ, the aim of using the cross-chain technology is to make provision for easy transfer of the same tokens across different blockchains. This is what the trustless and universality features of the Te Waka protocol represent. This is done in a decentralized manner on a permissionless public chain.  </p><p>To summarize, the cross-chain transaction is a great way to promote and make provision for blockchain interoperability where different blockchains can communicate and transactions can be done on and through them without a centralized platform. The use of blockchain technology is majorly based on the underlying advantages, capabilities, and functionalities embedded in it.</p><p>Blockchain developers continue to leverage the features of blockchain technology to come up with different blockchain projects that aim to solve the challenges associated with the technology. Newer protocols also exist to tackle the challenges of blockchain technology.</p><p>We know that with the increase in the use of blockchain technology, there are issues of transactions between blockchains and issues of scalability. With these issues, the full potentials of blockchains cannot be maximized and the benefits not harnessed.</p><p>A major way to tackle the challenges associated with blockchain technology is to allow interoperability between blockchains. Decentralization is also a key feature to introduce. This is what cross-chain technology aims to solve. The cross-chain protocols are to be compatible with other blockchains as they aim to augment connectivity. This means financial transactions can be enabled between different blockchain networks.</p><p>The ClassZZ main network seeks to leverage the foregoing discussion to ensure that users’ transactions are secured, save time and cost in a decentralized system. The main net uses the Te Waka protocol which is a decentralized cross-chain protocol for native tokens that facilitates cross-chain transactions.</p><p>With the Te Waka protocol, cross-chain transactions are made easy. Cross-chain inputs on other blockchains are settled already, making it easy for native tokens to be exchanged securely between blockchains, transaction fees will be reduced substantially through such an ecosystem, and downtime will become zero.</p>]]></content:encoded>
            <author>classzz@newsletter.paragraph.com (ClassZZ)</author>
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            <title><![CDATA[ClassZZ-Designing the ideal cross rollup protocol]]></title>
            <link>https://paragraph.com/@classzz/classzz-designing-the-ideal-cross-rollup-protocol</link>
            <guid>XwtRxqwBxX5DRV8lFhOq</guid>
            <pubDate>Sat, 16 Apr 2022 12:38:30 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[1, Background Vitalik Buterin recently wrote an article on Ethresear.ch on the idea of a cross roll-up dex, that would allow users to exchange tokens between two roll-ups in a decentralized manner. The purpose of this article is, in essence, a brief report on the progress we have made at the Class ZZ (CZZ) community on this topic. https://ethresear.ch/t/cross-rollup-dex-with-smart-contracts-only-on-the-destination-side/8778 Over the past two years, we have developed a decentralized cross chai...]]></description>
            <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>1, Background Vitalik Buterin recently wrote an article on <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out" href="http://Ethresear.ch">Ethresear.ch</a> on the idea of a cross roll-up dex, that would allow users to exchange tokens between two roll-ups in a decentralized manner. The purpose of this article is, in essence, a brief report on the progress we have made at the Class ZZ (CZZ) community on this topic.</p><p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out" href="https://ethresear.ch/t/cross-rollup-dex-with-smart-contracts-only-on-the-destination-side/8778">https://ethresear.ch/t/cross-rollup-dex-with-smart-contracts-only-on-the-destination-side/8778</a></p><p>Over the past two years, we have developed a decentralized cross chain transaction protocol called Te Waka. Te Waka is a kind of canoe that early Polynesian settlers used to travel between otherwise islands of the archipelago. This is very similar to the current state of the blockchain space.</p><p>Te Waka protocol has been running since April 2021, there’s already a fully developed application called czzswap that allow users to trade native tokens between Ethereum, BSC and Heco. Connect metamask wallet to your browser, and you can start swapping at <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out" href="https://classzz.com/swap">https://classzz.com/swap</a>. The same protocol would also enable users to engage in cross rollup transactions in an efficient and decentralized manner. Specifically, it will not require any intermediary, nor will it require any slow process to run on L1.</p><p>2, Basic protocol Here’s a very high-level description of how Te Waka works. For a detailed documentation, please see <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out" href="https://docs.classzz.com/czz.whitepaper.v4.pdf">https://docs.classzz.com/czz.whitepaper.v4.pdf</a> (Section 3).</p><p>First we describe the basic protocol, which allow for the cross chain transfer of CZZ tokens that exist on different blockchains. The Class ZZ network is a PoW main net with zero pre-mined tokens. It also recognizes a list of community addresses, there are addresses with extremely simple public keys such as 000…000101. We can assume extremely high confidence that nobody knows the private keys to these addresses.</p><p>For every CZZ token sitting on • 000…000101, one ECZZ token is issued on Ethereum; • 000…000102, one HCZZ token is issued on HECO; • 000…000103, one BCZZ token is issued on BSC • …</p><p>A multi-sig cross chain smart contract is also deployed on every main net, where it is responsible for mint / burn of *CZZ tokens. Custodian of these smart contracts must stake main net CZZ tokens, and their staking could be slashed by PoW miners in an event of misconduct.</p><p>When Alice wish to convert 1000 of her ECZZ to BCZZ for example, she would • send her 1000 ECZZ to the cross chain contract on Ethereum, where it will be burnt. • Alice then broadcast her Ethereum transaction hash to CZZ main net (in reality, this step is done by dapp developers) • PoW miners will give -1000 CZZ to 000…000101 and 999 CZZ to 000…000103 as mining reward in the following block (40s per block). 1 CZZ will be sent to 000…000000 to be destoyed permanently. • PoS custodians will vote in a BFT committee to mint 999 BCZZ on BSC, based on the fact that 000…000103 has just received 999 CZZ main net tokens. • 999 BCZZ is sent to Alice after its minted on BSC.</p><p>3, General protocol Next, we describe the general protocol, which will allow cross chain transaction of any native tokens between two smart contract enabled blockchains. The general protocol exist as a smart contract that calls a • dex contract, and • the basic cross chain contract.</p><p>Specifically, if Alice wish to purchase UNI (lives on Ethereum) using her BNB (lives on BSC). All she need to do is deposit her BNB to the general cross chain contract on BSC, wait, and receive UNI on Ethereum. Here’s what goes under the hood, • General contract (BSC) calls a dex, say Pancake swap, to convert BNB to BCZZ. • General contract (BSC) calls basic contract to burn BCZZ. • Class ZZ PoW miners operate on community addresses through mining reward • General contract (Ethereum) mint ECZZ • General contract (Ethereum) calls a dex (e.g. Uniswap) and buy UNI with ECZZ • General contract (Ethereum) send UNI to Alice.</p><p>4, Insurance Since the general protocol need to wait for CZZ miners to mine at least 1 block, many users in the community have asked for a tool to hedge against exchange rate fluctuation during that time. Here we briefly describe how the insurance contract works. Insurer: The community is encouraged to deposit ECZZ, HCZZ and BCZZ to an contract pool, those who deposit will receive a fraction of the insurance premium paid by the user.</p><p>Insurance contract: Since users are incentivized to deposit, we assume the insurance contract is pre-loaded with some *CZZ tokens on each blockchain. If Alice indicate her intent to use insurance on her BNB -&gt; UNI transaction, here’s what will happen: • Alice send her BNB to the general contract (BSC), indicating she want insurance • General contract (BSC) buy and burn BCZZ • Insurance contract (Ethereum) buy UNI with pre-loaded ECZZ ahead of time, but the UNI tokens are withheld. • PoW miners update community address through mining reward • General contract (Ethereum) mint ECZZ and send ECZZ to insurance contract (Etherem) • Insurance contract release UNI to Alice after receiving ECZZ.</p><p>This procedure will minimize exchange risk for the user, reduce market supply of CZZ through staking, and also provide the community participants an income stream.</p><p>Applications to Ethereum Layer 2 A key problem to Ethereum’s layer 2 rollup’s is the inability to cross communicate with one another without either • Going through layer 1 • Rely on a somewhat centralized intermediary We believe the Te Waka protocol can provide a cross rollup solution to Ethereum layer 2 networks with some additional modifications. This would completely eliminate the throughput problem that layer 1 is currently facing. Specifically, we require each rollup to have • Ability to issue ERC-20 tokens • Ability to host a dex • Even if VM’s of ZK-rollup is not Turing complete, but it’s command set is rich enough to host dex’s)</p><p>This will allow us to deploy Te Waka general contract to each roll-up, and users can directly purchase native tokens of any rollup from anywhere. We can deploy Te Waka on Plasma and Op-rollups quite quickly, while ZK-rollups may require some additional work.</p><p>Second order bridge problem Te Waka protocol does not require users to deposit native tokens to a bridge contract and trade with bridge tokens. This will vastly improve user experience, as users no longer have to juggle between mapped tokens of different networks. More fundamentally, Te Waka protocol solves the second order bridge problem, which is at the crux of why decentralization of cross rollup is so difficult. Here’s a brief description of the problem. Suppose you have a token ABC lives on Ethereum L1. OP1 and OP2 are two different L2 rollups, such that ABC1 lives on OP1 and ABC2 lives on OP2, and both are connected to ABC via a bridge contract on L1. If Alice wish to convert her ABC1 on OP1 to ABC2 on OP2, a naïve approach is to deploy a bridge contract on OP1, where if Alice deposit her ABC1 she will get ABC2 on OP2. The reason why this approach won’t work is that ABC2 tokens are backed on ABC tokens deposited in a bridge contract living on L1. Therefore, a deposit of ABC1 to a OP1/OP2 bridge, technically is not the same as a deposit of ABC to a L1/OP2 bridge. Alice would be getting something like ABC12, as opposed to ABC2. This is what we call the second order bridge problem.</p><p>In reality, equivalence is often drawn by a centralized intermediary, but it would be nice if Alice could receive ABC2 directly without having to resort to a potentially centralized third party. If Alice wish to strictly abide by decentralized route, she must first destroy her ABC1 and claim ABC on L1, and then re-deposit that to the L1/OP2 bridge to get ABC2.</p><p>This problem is completely resolved through the Te Waka protocol, as it offers direct exchange between native tokens of each rollup.</p><p>Why PoW? The Class ZZ community is devoted to the pursue of decentralization. We can roughly put all blockchain protocols to date into three catagories. • Proof of work • Decentralized Proof of Stake (e.g. Eth 2.0) • Quasi-decentralized Proof of Stake (e.g. DPoS blockchains where block producing nodes never change) Since our community is dedicated to focus on developing cross chain capabilities, we neither have the time or resources to innovate something like Eth 2.0 at the consensus level. On the other hand, we also don’t want to exist as a quasi-decentralized blockchain, like those DPoS networks where block producing nodes never seem to change. Therefore, we are currently left with little choice but to use proof of work. We are open to modifying our consensus in the direction of proof of stake, but not at the expense of decentralization.</p>]]></content:encoded>
            <author>classzz@newsletter.paragraph.com (ClassZZ)</author>
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            <title><![CDATA[ClassZZ: A TRAIN TO THE FUTURE OF TRANSACTIONS]]></title>
            <link>https://paragraph.com/@classzz/classzz-a-train-to-the-future-of-transactions</link>
            <guid>hFTwit5lIqM5siQYzAJz</guid>
            <pubDate>Sat, 16 Apr 2022 12:37:25 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[CRYPTOCURRENCY TRANSACTIONSCryptocurrency is a digital currency designed to work as a medium of exchange through a computer network that is not reliant on any central authority, such as a government or bank, to uphold or maintain it. Unlike the exchange of physical money in the reality of our world, cryptocurrency transfers exist purely as digital entries to an online database describing specific transactions. In the transfer of cryptocurrency, the transactions are recorded in a public ledger...]]></description>
            <content:encoded><![CDATA[<h2 id="h-cryptocurrency-transactions" class="text-3xl font-header !mt-8 !mb-4 first:!mt-0 first:!mb-0">CRYPTOCURRENCY TRANSACTIONS</h2><p>Cryptocurrency is a digital currency designed to work as a medium of exchange through a computer network that is not reliant on any central authority, such as a government or bank, to uphold or maintain it.</p><p>Unlike the exchange of physical money in the reality of our world, cryptocurrency transfers exist purely as digital entries to an online database describing specific transactions. In the transfer of cryptocurrency, the transactions are recorded in a public ledger. Cryptocurrencies are generally not issued by any central authority; they are decentralized networks based on blockchain technology. This decentralized structure allows them to exist outside the control of governments and central authorities. They enable secure online payments without the use of third-party intermediaries, they are a virtual currency that uses cryptography for security and because of this, it is difficult to counterfeit because of this security feature.</p><p>Cryptocurrencies operate on a blockchain that records all transactions updated and held by currency holders. Mining is a process through which units o cryptocurrencies are created, it is a distributed consensus system that is used to confirm pending transactions by including them in the blockchain. It enforces a chronological order in the blockchain, protects the neutrality of the network, and allows different computers to agree on the state of the system. To be confirmed, transactions must be packed in a block that fits very strict cryptographic rules that will be verified by the network. They can be stored and spent using cryptographic wallets.</p><p>A cryptocurrency transaction is a transfer of value between crypto wallets that gets included in the blockchain. The crypto wallets are known for a private key or seed which are peculiar to them, which is used to sign transactions, providing mathematical proof that they have come from the owner of the wallet. This seed also prevents the transaction from being altered by anybody once it has been issued. Cryptocurrency isn’t holding something tangible, but the ownership of a key that allows you to move a record or a unit of measure from one person to another. It is an electronic payment system based on cryptographic proof allowing any two willing parties to transact directly with each other without the need for a trusted third party. Transactions that are computationally impractical to reverse would protect sellers from fraud, and routine escrow mechanisms. implemented to protect buyers.</p><h2 id="h-evolution-of-transaction-and-the-traditional-banking-system" class="text-3xl font-header !mt-8 !mb-4 first:!mt-0 first:!mb-0">EVOLUTION OF TRANSACTION &amp; THE TRADITIONAL BANKING SYSTEM</h2><p>Transactions have evolved all through the history of man, several means and methods of transactions have been adopted at different times and stages of history till this very day; From the Barter system which dates back to the Neolithic age, it is the exchange of material goods or services for other goods or services. It evolved with the rise of agricultural/livestock farming. Then, Coins made their first appearance from 680 to 560 BC, in contemporary Turkey. The use of coins became the new means of a transaction as barter posed difficulties for transactions sometimes, with certain transactions that included perishable goods. This resulted in the emergence of coins which were made of precious metals with a circular shape and were adopted as being the most practical means of transaction.</p><p>Coins were replaced by Paper money and banknotes because it was uncomfortable to carry coins in large quantities. Banknotes were first used in China in the 7th century, it was paper and didn’t weigh anything close to the coins which seemed easier to carry and ensured easier transactions. Every banknote was issued by a country’s authorities and from the 1970s they had to be backed by a certain amount of gold. Paper money and banknotes were supplemented by Bills of exchange and cheques, a document that guaranteed that the debtor would pay the creditor, or another person authorized to receive the money in the commercial document. Transactions went digital with the use of Cards, banks started to offer cards as a payment solution in 1958, as cards could be used to buy, withdraw, sell and transfer money. The first card was known as Visa. More advanced technologies were adopted in transactions with the advent of digital payments. Goods and services began to be sold through this new communication channel with the arrival of the Internet and the World Wide Web system in 1990. This new means of transaction offered the possibility of buying groceries from the comfort of your home via a computer and with the introduction of new technologies, it became possible to pay by mobile phone or digital watch. Now payments can be made through any establishment that accepts contactless payments, anywhere in the world. This is all done digitally, so your payments are more secure and convenient.</p><p>Digital transactions have been improved with the introduction of Cryptocurrencies. Wei Dai proposed the idea of creating a decentralized type of currency in 1998, which would be based on cryptography as a means of control. This resulted in the concept of Cryptocurrency. There were initial attempts to create a currency, which includes David Chaum’s DigiCash and eCash, but in 2009 Satoshi Nakamoto created the first cryptocurrency, called bitcoin. This gave rise to so many cryptocurrencies. Ever since 2009, cryptocurrencies and applications of blockchain technology are still emerging in financial terms, and more uses are expected in the future. Transactions including bonds, stocks, and other financial assets could eventually be traded using the technology. The conception of cryptocurrencies provided a new system for the control of money and transactions.</p><p>Initially, transactions will go through the system provided by the banking institution and these transactions use the centralized management system that is provided by the banking institution, the security of this transaction is monitored and validated by the bank. The central bank reserves the monopoly right to issue coins and banknotes for its area of circulation (a country or group of countries); it regulates the production of currency by banks through monetary policy. In this transaction, the value of the currency is decided using the exchange rate value. An exchange rate is a price at which two currencies can be exchanged against each other. This is used for trade between the two currency zones.</p><p>With the change introduced by cryptocurrencies, the transaction now goes through a blockchain path. The blockchain ledger system is monitored and validated by the users involved and the ledger validation system uses a computer system. Cryptocurrencies make it easier to transfer funds between two parties in a transaction; these transfers are facilitated using public and private keys for security purposes. These fund transfers are done with minimal processing fees, allowing users to avoid the steep fees charged by most banks and financial institutions for wire transfers. There are no physical bitcoins; only balances kept on a public ledger in the cloud. All Bitcoin transactions are verified by a massive amount of computing power. Every day, approximately $12 billion are transferred across the Bitcoin, Ethereum, and Litecoin blockchains, with millions of people using cryptocurrency for payments daily.</p><h2 id="h-transactions-and-classzz-cross-chain-solutions" class="text-3xl font-header !mt-8 !mb-4 first:!mt-0 first:!mb-0">TRANSACTIONS &amp; CLASSZZ CROSS-CHAIN SOLUTIONS</h2><p>Cross-chain is an approach that facilitates blockchain interoperability building better scalability and inter-chain communications between different chains to exchange information and value. Also, it enhances blockchain intercommunication and enables asset swaps and transfers, which are essential to DeFi. The nature of transactions has further developed as the possibility of cross-chain transactions has been improved.</p><p><strong>ClassZZ</strong> network which is powered by <strong>Te Waka protocol</strong> has made a remarkable effort which has booked them a permanent slot in the market share. ClassZZ network has proven to be a viable solution to the interoperability of blockchains, as a decentralized Cross-chain protocol for native tokens, it enables the boundless transfer of assets data and NFTs and facilitates seamless Crosschain transactions. The ClassZZ network is the first-ever public chain that supports smart contracts.</p><p>ClassZZ has made a major step into the future of Cross-chain and an improvement on the interoperability of blockchains, ClassZZ had provided a more Decentralized, Trustless, and Universal protocol, it is Trustless; as it enables native token to native token, no user deposits are needed, no mapped tokens involved. It is Universal; as just one protocol connects all smart contracts enabled blockchains, unlike Bridge protocols that connect only two blockchains at a time. It is Decentralized; as every part of the protocol is verified on a permissionless public chain, knowing that a network can be said to be permissionless if anyone can join and leave at any time.</p><p>ClassZZ has already supported cross-chain transactions of assets on ETH, HECO, BSC, OKChain, Gatechain, Polkadot, Solana, and other public chains. With our provision of seamless cross-chain transactions, decentralized exchanges (DEX) can now offer their users to trade tokens on other blockchains. ClassZZ network has also reduced the waiting time for withdrawals, as there is no more long withdrawal time when moving assets, it now takes only minutes for users to move assets in a quicker time as against the norm. It provides security facilitates the transfer of assets between blockchains as it is less vulnerable to attacks.</p><p>ClassZZ network have eradicated the challenges of interoperability, scalability, and inter-chain communications of blockchains and provided more secure and seamless Cross-chain transactions for users. Enhancing the interconnection of blockchain networks to enable the seamless transfer of assets, data, and even NFTs.</p><p><strong>$CZZ Token</strong></p><p>Max Supply: 1 Billion</p><p>Circulating Supply: 600 Million</p><p><strong>More about CZZ</strong></p><p>Website: classzz.com</p><p>Twitter: <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out" href="https://www.twitter.com/class_zz">https://www.twitter.com/class_zz</a></p><p>GitHub: <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out" href="https://github.com/classzz">https://github.com/classzz</a></p><p>Discord: <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out" href="https://discord.com/invite/classzz">https://discord.com/invite/classzz</a></p><p>CZZ Explorer: <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out" href="https://scan.classzz.com/">https://scan.classzz.com/</a></p>]]></content:encoded>
            <author>classzz@newsletter.paragraph.com (ClassZZ)</author>
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            <title><![CDATA[ClassZZ: Enabling Blockchain Compatibility]]></title>
            <link>https://paragraph.com/@classzz/classzz-enabling-blockchain-compatibility</link>
            <guid>vI6iDcYnUuinBRBgxgst</guid>
            <pubDate>Sat, 16 Apr 2022 12:36:49 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[Blockchain has become one of the most frequently discussed technologies for its ability to allow for peer-to-peer transactions without a centralized intermediary or a third party. It is no longer secret that blockchain technology has the potential to revolutionize the world. Already, its use and application has extended beyond to areas involving finance, identity management, governance, asset management and many more. Blockchain is a potentially disruptive technology that can be used to advan...]]></description>
            <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Blockchain has become one of the most frequently discussed technologies for its ability to allow for peer-to-peer transactions without a centralized intermediary or a third party. It is no longer secret that blockchain technology has the potential to revolutionize the world. Already, its use and application has extended beyond to areas involving finance, identity management, governance, asset management and many more.</p><p>Blockchain is a potentially disruptive technology that can be used to advance many fields like cryptocurrencies, supply chains, and the industrial Internet of Things. The next-generation blockchain ecosystem is expected to consist of various homogeneous and heterogeneous distributed ledgers. These ledger systems will inevitably require a certain level of proper cooperation of multiple blockchains to enrich advanced functionalities and enhance interoperable capabilities for future applications. The interoperability among blockchains will revolutionize current blockchain design principles.</p><p>The development of cross-blockchain applications involves much complexity regarding the variety of underlying cross-blockchain communication. The way to effectively enable interoperability across multiple blockchains is thus essential and expected to confront various unprecedented challenges.</p><p>We had previously discussed what blockchain interoperability is. Networks can communicate across different blockchain platforms. It is the ability to share information, data and metadata across blockchain networks while keeping state and uniqueness consistent. The basis by which blockchains would communicate is hinged upon their compatibility.</p><p><strong>Compatibility of Blockchains</strong></p><p>The big question to answer should be can blockchains be compatible?</p><p>For blockchain to be compatible, it implies that different blockchains can work together and exchange data without hindrances. The different main nets can interact with each other through the use of cross-chain technology.</p><p>A simple way to explain it is to think about communication between two people. They interact and give feedback which is made possible because they are of the same kind or they have certain features in common. The same goes for blockchains.</p><p>Blockchains sharing similar networks can transfer value and exchange data between each other.</p><p>Simply put, these blockchains should be able to interact together easily.</p><p>For this to happen, it is important to note here that there are common features that should be seen in each blockchain:</p><p>·         Similar networks: Blockchains with similar networks will be able to transfer value between each other.</p><p>·         Protocol: The use of a specific protocol complemented with the benefits of a public decentralized chain, should lay the foundation for blockchains interoperability.</p><p>·         Smart Contract: To show that different blockchains are compatible and can interact, the different blockchains must be smart contract enabled.</p><p>·         The blockchains must support the same address.</p><p>Blockchains solutions built on decentralized platforms with feature that ensures data security, immutability, trust; integrity and transparency are more than likely to be compatible. Blockchain compatibility is seen in the use, application, interaction and transaction between different blockchains.</p><p>Advantages of Blockchain Compatibility</p><p>The advantages of blockchain compatibility are:</p><p>·         In the business ecosystem, it is easier to transact with clients from compatible blockchains</p><p>·         There is an effective means of value transmission for blockchain networks.</p><p>·         Diverse functionalities: it becomes easier to make use of blockchains for various functions. An example includes ease of payments across multiple blockchains.</p><p>·         Multi token transactions: the compatibility between bock chains makes it easy for tokens to be transferred with ease across various blockchains.</p><p>How can ClassZZ ensure Blockchain compatibility?</p><p><strong>Ensuring Blockchain compatibility</strong></p><p>ClassZZ is an interoperable blockchain that seeks to take blockchain technology, cross-chain technology, blockchain interoperability and the use of protocols to another level.</p><p>Consisting of multiple chains, ClassZZ&apos;s main net seeks to leverage this opportunity that blockchain technology presents to ensure blockchain compatibility. </p><p>ClassZZ offers a blockchain that makes it possible for universal cross-chain compatibility. This is made possible through the Te Waka protocol. The Te Waka protocol connects all smart contract enabled blockchains.</p><p>With ClassZZ main net and its associated Te Waka protocol, the project seeks to ensure that a seamless connection between private chains and public networks exist. In addition, it also aims to ensure that the transfer of native tokens to native tokens are made possible with no user deposit or mapped tokens involved.</p><p>The fundamental tenets of the ClassZZ main net are unbounded scalability.</p><p>The developers of ClassZZ main net seek to achieve decentralization where every part of the protocol is verified on a permissionless public chain. This main net ensures cross-chain capabilities based on post-quantum cryptography. By leveraging on the TeWaka protocol, our post-quantum address system will help every mainstream blockchain such as Bitcoin, Ethereum etc., to make the post-quantum transition.</p><p>A major challenge that may likely face blockchain technology is that there are several blockchain main nets that do not speak the same language. Some of them could come with different smart contract levels.</p><p>Smart contracts allow users to specify conditions on the transfer of value based on the terms of the contract.</p><p>To fight against this challenge, the ClassZZ main net enables universal communication between various blockchains. It also seeks to make use of the Te Waka protocol as well as multi-chain frameworks to solve the challenges that may arise.</p><p>The Te Waka protocol allows value and information to move between different blockchains. It can settle transactions between different blockchains, using different consensus mechanisms while eliminating the need for third-party intervention. In this case, proof of work consensus is the only type of consensus that would suit the need.</p><p><strong>Concluding</strong> <strong>Remarks</strong></p><p>The ClassZZ main net intends to interlink blockchains through their common features which include having similar networks; the use of a specific protocol, smart contract enabled and supporting the same address.</p><p>Using the Te Waka protocol, it aims to allow independent blockchains to seamlessly transact and exchange information in a trust-free manner. The Te Waka protocol envisions itself as blockchain technology with three key components: it is trustless, universal and decentralized.</p><p>This implies that native tokens can be transferred, the protocol connects all smart contract enabled blockchains and it is verified on a permissionless public chain.</p><p>The ClassZZ main net is being designed with planned compatibility with Bitcoin, Ethereum and other blockchains.</p><p>The main net is designed with the properties that enable blockchain compatibility. For blockchains to be compatible is for blockchains to be interoperable. This is what the ClassZZ main net project seeks to achieve.</p><p>It seeks to ensure that different blockchains can work together, even with different consensus, to access each other in a trust-free manner.</p><p>One major path to an interoperable and scalable universe is blockchains and cross chains compatibility.</p>]]></content:encoded>
            <author>classzz@newsletter.paragraph.com (ClassZZ)</author>
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