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            <title><![CDATA[The open-source stack about StarkNet]]></title>
            <link>https://paragraph.com/@cryptonerdcn/the-open-source-stack-about-starknet</link>
            <guid>n9eOxAMAmN5GKdvQtbtV</guid>
            <pubDate>Wed, 08 Feb 2023 08:53:29 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[Following our last mention of StarkNet releasing an open-source Sequencer, StarkWare has made another big news: the StarkNet Prover is soon to be open-sourced! Now, all components of StarkNet have been rewritten and open-sourced in three months, after the open-source of the  Cairo language  in No...]]></description>
            <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Following our last mention of StarkNet releasing an open-source Sequencer, StarkWare has made another big news: the StarkNet Prover is soon to be open-sourced!</p><p>Now, all components of StarkNet have been rewritten and open-sourced in three months, after the open-source of the <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out dont-break-out" href="https://medium.com/starkware/open-sourcing-cairo-1-0-b3100a664bb0">Cairo language</a> in November last year. Here, we will review the open-source stack of StarkNet.</p><p><em>This is an English version of </em><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out dont-break-out" href="https://paragraph.xyz/@cryptonerdcn/web3%E9%99%8D%E6%99%BA%E7%B3%BB%E5%88%97%E4%B8%80%E6%96%87%E8%AF%BB%E6%87%82starknet%E7%9A%84%E5%BC%80%E6%BA%90%E5%A0%86%E6%A0%88">this article</a><em>, written by </em><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out dont-break-out" href="https://twitter.com/cryptonerdcn"><em>cryptonerdcn</em></a><em> </em><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out dont-break-out" href="https://twitter.com/StarknetAstro"><em>@StarknetAstro</em></a><em>.</em></p><h3>Overall architecture</h3><p>First, let&apos;s review the StarkNet architecture mentioned in <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out dont-break-out" href="https://david-barreto.com/starknets-architecture-review/">this article.</a></p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/papyrus_images/6163de8718fbe6f2fb555d7b8f0cd98d.jpg" alt="StarkNet&apos;s current architecture" title="StarkNet&apos;s current architecture" blurDataURL="data:image/jpeg;base64,/9j/2wBDAAYEBQYFBAYGBQYHBwYIChAKCgkJChQODwwQFxQYGBcUFhYaHSUfGhsjHBYWICwgIyYnKSopGR8tMC0oMCUoKSj/2wBDAQcHBwoIChMKChMoGhYaKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCj/wAARCAADAAQDASIAAhEBAxEB/8QAFQABAQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAb/xAAgEAACAgIABwAAAAAAAAAAAAACAwAFAREEBgcSFEGB/8QAFAEBAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAP/EABQRAQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAD/2gAMAwEAAhEDEQA/AKbo1yrUW1BaN49D2muyasc+U0dD2AWtYLHsiz9iIgf/2Q==" class="image-node embed"><p></p><blockquote><p>A <strong>Sequencer</strong> is an off-chain server that receives all the transactions, orders, validates, and bundles them into blocks. At the moment there is a single Sequencer in the system and it is controlled by StarkWare. For a Sequencer to validate transactions it has to execute them using the Cairo OS, an alternative to the Ethereum Virtual Machine (VM) for smart contracts written in Cairo.</p><p>A <strong>Prover</strong> is responsible for generating encrypted proof of the validity of the Sequence execution trace. Currently, this work is performed by a single Prover, the &quot;Share Prover&quot; or &quot;SHARP.&quot;</p><p>A <strong>Verifier</strong> is on L1 and used to verify the smart contracts generated by Starknet Prover. It will update the state on Ethereum L1 to record if successful.</p></blockquote><p>In the previous article, we mentioned the above three components, this time, in addition to Sequencer and Prover, we will also explain FullNode (Verifier and StarkNet Core are smart contracts on Ethereum so they are not within the scope of discussion).</p><h3>Sequencer - Blockifier</h3><p>StarkNet&apos;s new Sequencer, <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out dont-break-out" href="https://github.com/starkware-libs/blockifier">Blockifier</a>, was released on January 26, with its node part based on Papyrus and its CairoOS part based on Cairo-rs, both of which will be mentioned below. The previous Sequencer was a closed-source client written in python and controlled only by StarkNet itself. The Python client was slow and had no <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out dont-break-out" href="https://medium.com/starkware/starknet-performance-roadmap-bb7aae14c7de">parallelism in transaction execution</a>, both of which seriously impacted StarkNet&apos;s TPS and broke the principle of decentralization.</p><p>With the Rust-written Sequencer open-sourced, the most basic benefit is that anyone can compile and run their own Sequencer client. At the same time, according to StarkNet&apos;s official data, the performance of the new Sequencer has increased by several times compared to the previous version.  Here is <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out dont-break-out" href="https://github.com/starkware-libs/blockifier/blob/main/README.md#roadmap">the roadmap</a> of Blockifier</p><ul><li><p>Integrate with the existing StarkNet Sequencer by replacing its current transaction-blockifying component, which is written in Python. </p></li><li><p>Implement optimistic concurrency of transaction execution. </p></li><li><p>Extend the Blockifier into a full StarkNet sequencer, written in Rust, replacing the one currently in use.</p></li></ul><h4>FullNode — Papyrus</h4><p>Full Nodes are machines that run the Pathfinder client to keep a record of all the transactions performed in the rollup and to track the current global state of the system. Full Nodes receive this information through a p2p network where changes in the global state and the validity proofs associated with it are shared every time a new block is created. When a new Full Node is set up it is able to reconstruct the history of the roll-up by connecting to an Ethereum node and processing all the L1 transactions associated with StarkNet.</p><p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out dont-break-out" href="https://github.com/starkware-libs/papyrus">Papyrus</a>, a Rust implementation of a StarkNet full node, was released on January 16th. It will be a part of the new StarkNet Sequencer, greatly improving the TPS of StarkNet. Open-sourcing Papyrus will contribute to the improvement of StarkNet&apos;s performance and decentralization.</p><h4>Cairo OS — Cairo-rs</h4><p>Cairo OS is a virtual machine (VM) in the Sequencer that executes contracts written in the Cairo language. <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out dont-break-out" href="https://github.com/lambdaclass/cairo-rs">Cairo-rs</a> is a new open-source Cairo VM developed by the third-party developer team <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out dont-break-out" href="https://github.com/lambdaclass">Lambdaclass</a>, which will replace the old CairoVM developed in Python.</p><h3>Prover — ???(Unnamed)</h3><p>What does the open-source Prover mean for StarkNet&apos;s architecture? Firstly, it prepares for the decentralization of Prover, and secondly, it improves the TPS of StarkNet. Currently, StarkNet only has an official single Prover called &quot;Share Prover&quot; (SHARP). The reason for the name &quot;Share&quot; is because this Prover is not only responsible for generating proofs for StarkNet, but also for generating proofs for StarkEX (what is <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out dont-break-out" href="https://twitter.com/StarkNetAstroCN/status/1621834936230752257?s=20&amp;t=7WTQTat09VZ9DWo6djVf8g">StarkEX</a>). This severely affects the TPS of StarkNet and goes against the decentralization principle again.</p><p>With the <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out dont-break-out" href="https://github.com/lambdaclass/starknet_prover">open-source Prover</a>, anyone can compile and run their own Prover. Still, the Prover is still only announced as open-source, and the Git Repo has not yet been released. Due to the characteristics of ZK, the calculations required to generate proofs by the Prover are far more than those executed by the Sequencer. Therefore, according to the official old documents, the Prover may need extremely high configurations (as shown in the picture, a 4-core CPU and 16GB memory can only handle 100 hashes per second).</p><p></p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/papyrus_images/11e12d8e6cd751837a0a785f22f265d4.png" alt="" blurDataURL="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAQAAAACCAIAAADwyuo0AAAACXBIWXMAAAsTAAALEwEAmpwYAAAAIElEQVR4nGMQAIOAgICZM2cynDhxIi4ububMmb9+/QIAZboLR9qhmaIAAAAASUVORK5CYII=" class="image-node embed"><h3>Cairo Language</h3><p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out dont-break-out" href="https://github.com/starkware-libs/cairo/">Cairo 1.0</a> has also been open-sourced last year. Due to the fact that Cairo Language was written in Rust, the entire official ecosystem of StarkNet can be said to have become a Rust family. Still, Cairo 1.0 is not yet supported by StarkNet, so it can not be used to write smart contracts yet. But according to official news, support for Cairo 1.0 will be implemented within Q1 of 2023.</p><hr><p>My Twitter：</p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/papyrus_images/edac387efb253ef8121439f2ea9cce4a.jpg" alt="" title="" blurDataURL="data:image/jpeg;base64,/9j/2wBDAAYEBQYFBAYGBQYHBwYIChAKCgkJChQODwwQFxQYGBcUFhYaHSUfGhsjHBYWICwgIyYnKSopGR8tMC0oMCUoKSj/2wBDAQcHBwoIChMKChMoGhYaKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCj/wAARCAACAAQDASIAAhEBAxEB/8QAFQABAQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAj/xAAdEAACAgIDAQAAAAAAAAAAAAABAgAFAwQGETFR/8QAFQEBAQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAwT/xAAVEQEBAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAf/aAAwDAQACEQMRAD8Ani05RftZbTNeWhZshJJ28nZP32IiMlj/2Q==" class="image-node embed"><p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out dont-break-out" href="https://twitter.com/cryptonerdcn">https://twitter.com/cryptonerdcn</a></p>]]></content:encoded>
            <author>cryptonerdcn@newsletter.paragraph.com (cryptonerdcn)</author>
            <category>web3</category>
            <category>web3降智系列</category>
            <category>blockchain</category>
            <category>starknet</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[(web3降智系列)一文读懂StarkNet的开源堆栈]]></title>
            <link>https://paragraph.com/@cryptonerdcn/web3降智系列一文读懂starknet的开源堆栈</link>
            <guid>fMPJRWtLqSpx1B16Y7Wx</guid>
            <pubDate>Tue, 07 Feb 2023 20:04:30 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[此文为向  @StarknetAstroCN  的投稿。 web3降智系列是我在2023年新开始的一个 以日常交流中web3er对一些知识和概念的误解为引子，以即使你在忙了一天后大脑停机的降智状态也能读懂为目的，通过讲述设计思想而不是外在表现，尽量不涉及具体公式和代码的 面向非技术人员的科普系列。 继上次我们提到StarkNet发布了开源的Sequencer（定序器）后，StarkWare又搞了一个大新闻：StarkNet的Prover（证明器）即将开源！ 不知不觉的，从去年11月 Cairo语言开源 之后，三个月的时间内，StarkNet的所有组件全部重写+开源。在这里，我们回顾一下S...]]></description>
            <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><em>此文为向 </em><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out dont-break-out" href="https://twitter.com/StarknetAstroCN"><em>@StarknetAstroCN</em></a><em> 的投稿。</em></p><p><em>web3降智系列是我在2023年新开始的一个 以日常交流中web3er对一些知识和概念的误解为引子，以即使你在忙了一天后大脑停机的降智状态也能读懂为目的，通过讲述设计思想而不是外在表现，尽量不涉及具体公式和代码的 面向非技术人员的科普系列。</em></p><p>继上次我们提到StarkNet发布了开源的Sequencer（定序器）后，StarkWare又搞了一个大新闻：StarkNet的Prover（证明器）即将开源！</p><p>不知不觉的，从去年11月<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out dont-break-out" href="https://medium.com/starkware/open-sourcing-cairo-1-0-b3100a664bb0">Cairo语言开源</a>之后，三个月的时间内，StarkNet的所有组件全部重写+开源。在这里，我们回顾一下StarkNet的开源堆栈吧。</p><hr><h3>整体架构</h3><p>首先，我们先复习一下<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out dont-break-out" href="https://web3rover.substack.com/p/web3starknettpsgas">上次的文章</a>里提到的StarkNet架构</p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/papyrus_images/547691e85e654799cd76bc00b7b2c3d4.jpg" alt="StarkNet&apos;s current architecture" title="StarkNet&apos;s current architecture" blurDataURL="data:image/jpeg;base64,/9j/2wBDAAYEBQYFBAYGBQYHBwYIChAKCgkJChQODwwQFxQYGBcUFhYaHSUfGhsjHBYWICwgIyYnKSopGR8tMC0oMCUoKSj/2wBDAQcHBwoIChMKChMoGhYaKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCj/wAARCAADAAQDASIAAhEBAxEB/8QAFQABAQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAb/xAAgEAACAgIABwAAAAAAAAAAAAACAwAFAREEBgcSFEGB/8QAFAEBAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAP/EABQRAQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAD/2gAMAwEAAhEDEQA/AKbo1yrUW1BaN49D2muyasc+U0dD2AWtYLHsiz9iIgf/2Q==" class="image-node embed"><blockquote><ul><li><p><strong>Sequencer </strong>负责管理和协调交易的执行顺序。Sequencer 可以认为是一个交易队列，它确保在同一个区块内的所有交易按照指定的顺序执行，并且确保没有交易被重复执行。Sequencer 还负责验证交易的合法性，并将其写入区块链。</p></li><li><p><strong>Prover</strong>则负责生成关于 Sequence 执行轨迹有效性的加密证明。目前，这项工作是由单一的 Prover，即「Share Prover」或「SHARP」执行的。</p></li><li><p><strong>Verifier</strong>位于 L1 ，用于验证 Starknet Prover 产生证明的智能合约，如果运行成功，其将更新以太坊 L1 上的状态用于记录保存。</p></li></ul></blockquote><hr><p>在上一篇文章里我们提到了上述三个部件，这一次除了Sequencer和Prover，我们还将对FullNode进行说明（Verifier和StarkNet Core属于以太坊上的合约，不在讨论范围内）。</p><h3>Sequencer — Blockifier</h3><p>Starknet的新Sequencer <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out dont-break-out" href="https://github.com/starkware-libs/blockifier">Blockifier</a>已于1月26号发布，其节点部分和CairoOS部分分别基于将在下面提到的Papyrus和Cairo-rs。之前的Sequencer是一个闭源的由python编写客户端，且只由StarkNet自己控制。而这个Python客户端是连官方也承认的慢，而且也没实现<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out dont-break-out" href="https://medium.com/starkware/starknet-performance-roadmap-bb7aae14c7de">交易执行的并行性</a>，这严重影响了StarkNet的TPS，且不符合去中心化思想。</p><p>这个由Rust编写的Sequencer开源后，最基础的，是可以让任何人都可以自行编译和运行自己的Sequencer客户端。同时根据官方自己的信息，这个客户端大幅度的提高了执行速度。而官方的<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out dont-break-out" href="https://github.com/starkware-libs/blockifier/blob/main/README.md#roadmap">后继计划</a>也在路上：</p><ul><li><p>整合现有的StarkNet Sequencer，通过替换其当前用Python编写的事务块化组件。</p></li><li><p>实现交易执行的乐观并发。</p></li><li><p>将Blockifier扩展成一个完整的StarkNet Squencer，替换当前使用的sequencer。</p><p></p></li></ul><h4>FullNode — Papyrus</h4><p>FullNode，即全节点，在Starknet中指的是一个PathFinder（寻径者）客户端或者运行这个客户端的机器。一个全节点会记录rollup中执行的所有交易，并跟踪系统的当前全局状态。它通过p2p网络接收此信息，每当创建一个新块时，都会共享全局状态和与其相关的有效性证明。</p><p>而<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out dont-break-out" href="https://github.com/starkware-libs/papyrus">Papyrus</a>，是一个StarkNet全节点的Rust实现，已经于1月16号发布。它将成为新的StarkNet Sequencer的基础的一部分，大大提高StarkNet的TPS。开源Papyrus，将有助于提高StarkNet性能和去中心化。</p><h4>Cairo OS — Cairo-rs</h4><p>Cairo OS是Sequencer中用来执行以Cairo语言编写的合约的虚拟机（VM）。而<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out dont-break-out" href="https://github.com/lambdaclass/cairo-rs">Cairo-rs</a>，是一个由第三方开发团队Lambdaclass开发的新的开源Cairo VM，用以替换老旧的由Python开发的CairoVM。</p><hr><h3><strong>Prover — ???(名称未定)</strong></h3><p>那么这次的开源Prover又对于StarkNet的架构有什么意义？第一是为Prover的去中心化做准备，第二则是为了提高StarkNet的TPS。目前StarkNet仅有官方运行的单一Prover，叫做即「Share Prover」（共享证明器，简称「SHARP」）。为什么它的名称里有个共享？是因为这个证明器不仅负责生产StarkNet的证明，还要负责生成StarkEX的证明（关于什么是StarkEX参考<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out dont-break-out" href="https://twitter.com/StarkNetAstroCN/status/1621834936230752257?s=20&amp;t=7WTQTat09VZ9DWo6djVf8g">此处</a>）。这严重影响了StarkNet的TPS，且不符合去中心化思想* agian。</p><p>有了开源的Prover之后，任何人都可以自行编译和运行自己的Prover。当然，Prover还仍然只是宣布开源，暂未放出Git Repo。而且因为ZK的特性，Prover为计算生成证明所需的计算远远多于Sequencer所执行的计算，所以根据官方的旧文档，Prover可能需要极高的配置，准入门槛非常高（如图所示， 4核CPU和16GB内存只能每秒处理100个哈希）。</p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/papyrus_images/03b9735e791e861d1791049e3f7ea55b.png" alt="" blurDataURL="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAQAAAACCAIAAADwyuo0AAAACXBIWXMAAAsTAAALEwEAmpwYAAAAIElEQVR4nGMQAIOAgICZM2cynDhxIi4ububMmb9+/QIAZboLR9qhmaIAAAAASUVORK5CYII=" class="image-node embed"><p></p><hr><h3>Cairo Language</h3><p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out dont-break-out" href="https://github.com/starkware-libs/cairo/">Cairo 1.0</a> 也已经在今年开源，由于Cairo Language是由Rust编写，StarkNet整个官方生态可以说已经变成了Rust全家桶。当然，Cairo 1.0还未被StarkNet所支持，因此还不能用来编写智能合约。根据官方消息，将在2023年Q1之内实现对Cairo 1.0支持。</p><hr><p>我的推特：</p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/papyrus_images/b635b3defe70e326bad195b875a18571.jpg" alt="" blurDataURL="data:image/jpeg;base64,/9j/2wBDAAYEBQYFBAYGBQYHBwYIChAKCgkJChQODwwQFxQYGBcUFhYaHSUfGhsjHBYWICwgIyYnKSopGR8tMC0oMCUoKSj/2wBDAQcHBwoIChMKChMoGhYaKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCj/wAARCAACAAQDASIAAhEBAxEB/8QAFQABAQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAj/xAAdEAACAgIDAQAAAAAAAAAAAAABAgAFAwQGETFR/8QAFQEBAQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAwT/xAAVEQEBAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAf/aAAwDAQACEQMRAD8Ani05RftZbTNeWhZshJJ28nZP32IiMlj/2Q==" class="image-node embed"><p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out dont-break-out" href="https://twitter.com/cryptonerdcn">https://twitter.com/cryptonerdcn</a></p>]]></content:encoded>
            <author>cryptonerdcn@newsletter.paragraph.com (cryptonerdcn)</author>
            <category>web3降智系列</category>
            <category>web3</category>
            <category>blockchain</category>
            <category>starknet</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[(web3降智系列)一条Starknet新消息引发的做题：提高TPS，会降低gas么？]]></title>
            <link>https://paragraph.com/@cryptonerdcn/web3降智系列一条starknet新消息引发的做题：提高tps，会降低gas么？</link>
            <guid>yGMfk4zpZZIKYSYMOBB9</guid>
            <pubDate>Fri, 03 Feb 2023 03:53:36 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[此文为向  @StarknetAstroCN  的投稿。 web3降智系列是我2023年新开始的一个 以日常交流中web3er对一些知识和概念的误解为引子，以即使你在忙了一天后大脑停机的降智状态也能读懂为目的，通过讲述设计思想而不是外在表现，尽量不涉及具体公式和代码的 面向非技术人员的科普系列。  上个月底， @Starknet  宣布了他们正在开发一个新的由Rust编写的开源Sequencer(定序器)— blockifier。  Open-Source: StarkNet’s New Sequencer 当看到这个消息时，蚌不住的 MAX 同学第一时间就在Astro群里激情转载，然后...]]></description>
            <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><em>此文为向 </em><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out dont-break-out" href="https://twitter.com/StarknetAstroCN"><em>@StarknetAstroCN</em></a><em> 的投稿。</em></p><p><em>web3降智系列是我2023年新开始的一个 以日常交流中web3er对一些知识和概念的误解为引子，以即使你在忙了一天后大脑停机的降智状态也能读懂为目的，通过讲述设计思想而不是外在表现，尽量不涉及具体公式和代码的 面向非技术人员的科普系列。</em></p><hr><p>上个月底，<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out dont-break-out" href="https://twitter.com/Starknet">@Starknet</a> 宣布了他们正在开发一个新的由Rust编写的开源Sequencer(定序器)— blockifier。</p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/papyrus_images/d91d3d7f0ea34817de32dea7227f2404.jpg" alt="" blurDataURL="data:image/jpeg;base64,/9j/2wBDAAYEBQYFBAYGBQYHBwYIChAKCgkJChQODwwQFxQYGBcUFhYaHSUfGhsjHBYWICwgIyYnKSopGR8tMC0oMCUoKSj/2wBDAQcHBwoIChMKChMoGhYaKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCj/wAARCAADAAQDASIAAhEBAxEB/8QAFQABAQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAb/xAAdEAABBAIDAAAAAAAAAAAAAAABAAIDBQQRBgci/8QAFQEBAQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAgP/xAAYEQADAQEAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAQIRMf/aAAwDAQACEQMRAD8Areva43lC/Ks7XkM04yJIw4XeYzyNaGmygIiK9U9CuH//2Q==" class="image-node embed"><p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out dont-break-out" href="https://starkware.medium.com/starknets-new-sequencer-339e63845003">Open-Source: StarkNet’s New Sequencer</a></p><p>当看到这个消息时，蚌不住的 MAX 同学第一时间就在Astro群里激情转载，然后就被我叫去做家庭作业了：</p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/papyrus_images/4ff06c625b461e8375788df7641e2294.jpg" alt="" blurDataURL="data:image/jpeg;base64,/9j/2wBDAAYEBQYFBAYGBQYHBwYIChAKCgkJChQODwwQFxQYGBcUFhYaHSUfGhsjHBYWICwgIyYnKSopGR8tMC0oMCUoKSj/2wBDAQcHBwoIChMKChMoGhYaKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCj/wAARCAAEAAIDASIAAhEBAxEB/8QAFQABAQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAX/xAAeEAACAQMFAAAAAAAAAAAAAAABBQADBBECFiEiYv/EABQBAQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAD/xAAUEQEAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA/9oADAMBAAIRAxEAPwCogul4RLht5KcW1Pk0NWT1HqIiB//Z" class="image-node embed"><p></p><p>所以，为什么新的定序器能降低gas这句话是错的呢？</p><p>我们先来简单的看一下StarkNet的架构和Sequencer(定序器)在架构中的位置和功能。</p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/papyrus_images/f9da7d497bb669e97373a1ae82504c21.jpg" alt="" blurDataURL="data:image/jpeg;base64,/9j/2wBDAAYEBQYFBAYGBQYHBwYIChAKCgkJChQODwwQFxQYGBcUFhYaHSUfGhsjHBYWICwgIyYnKSopGR8tMC0oMCUoKSj/2wBDAQcHBwoIChMKChMoGhYaKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCj/wAARCAACAAQDASIAAhEBAxEB/8QAFQABAQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAb/xAAeEAABBAIDAQAAAAAAAAAAAAABAAIDBAURBhMhUf/EABUBAQEAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAEC/8QAFBEBAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAP/aAAwDAQACEQMRAD8Ar8XfuVM1yerUt2IK0OVkbHFFI5rGDrjOmgHQGyT59KIiVP/Z" class="image-node embed"><blockquote><ul><li><p><strong>Sequencer </strong>负责管理和协调交易的执行顺序。Sequencer 可以认为是一个交易队列，它确保在同一个区块内的所有交易按照指定的顺序执行，并且确保没有交易被重复执行。Sequencer 还负责验证交易的合法性，并将其写入区块链。</p></li><li><p><strong>Prover</strong>则负责生成关于 Sequence 执行轨迹有效性的加密证明。目前，这项工作是由单一的 Prover，即「Share Prover」或「SHARP」执行的。</p></li><li><p><strong>Verifier</strong>位于 L1 ，用于验证 Starknet Prover 产生证明的智能合约，如果运行成功，其将更新以太坊 L1 上的状态用于记录保存。</p></li></ul></blockquote><p></p><p>如果你不太了解ZK相关知识，那么你可以像max同学一样，把定序器想像成以太坊客户端（的一部分），如图所示。</p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/papyrus_images/909663f069e5b36cdcc01f3ca77e7ba4.jpg" alt="" blurDataURL="data:image/jpeg;base64,/9j/2wBDAAYEBQYFBAYGBQYHBwYIChAKCgkJChQODwwQFxQYGBcUFhYaHSUfGhsjHBYWICwgIyYnKSopGR8tMC0oMCUoKSj/2wBDAQcHBwoIChMKChMoGhYaKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCj/wAARCAACAAQDASIAAhEBAxEB/8QAFQABAQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAf/xAAfEAABAgYDAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAQYDBAUREzJFUWL/xAAVAQEBAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAf/EABQRAQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAD/2gAMAwEAAhEDEQA/ALtLMhppls2KFuvHwuk8gAo//9k=" class="image-node embed"><p>那么问题来了，以太坊客户端性能的提升，能否带来gas消耗减少的效果呢？</p><p>要回答这个问题，我们需要知道gas是什么：</p><blockquote><p>以太坊中的 Gas 是一种计价单位，用于衡量在 Ethereum 网络上执行智能合约的成本。Gas 被用于抵消执行智能合约所需的算力和网络资源。</p><p>当执行智能合约时，每个操作都需要消耗一定数量的 Gas，每个操作所消耗的Gas数量可以由它所需要执行的EVM opcodes所计算出来（具体数值参照 <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out dont-break-out" href="https://github.com/wolflo/evm-opcodes/blob/main/gas.md">Evm opCodes Gas cost</a>）。执行智能合约的发送者需要在交易中预先支付 Gas 费用，以确保矿工有动力执行智能合约。如果在执行过程中 Gas 被用完，则智能合约将停止执行。因此，发送者需要估算所需的 Gas 量以避免交易失败。</p><p>Gas 价格是动态的，随着 Ethereum 网络的拥堵情况而变化。在繁忙的时候，Gas 价格可能会上涨，而在空闲时则可能下降。</p></blockquote><p></p><p>因此， Gas 是一种确保智能合约执行的机制，它担负着两种责任：</p><p>1，gas机制是一种保证计算资源不被滥用的机制。</p><p>2，gas机制是一种竞价机制。</p><p>很明显，改善客户端的性能，并不会直接导致gas下降。如上所述，在evm上，每一步计算所消耗的gas是由需要执行的opcodes所决定的，而每个opcode所消耗的gas固定的，客户端的性能只影响opcode执行的快慢，不会影响opcode本身消耗gas的数量。因此我们可以说，客户端性能提升导致的TPS提升，不会直接影响到gas消耗。</p><hr><p>但改善客户端的性能，是可以间接减少gas消耗的，这又是为什么呢？</p><p>因为gas同时也是一种竞价机制。相信大家都知道以太坊上，除了交易自身消耗的gas，你是可以通过多付gas，即Priority fee (tips，交易小费)来加速自己的交易的。你加的小费越多，越容易被优先执行。而加小费一般是因为以下两种情况：</p><p>1，你需要抢跑，比如mev bot，还有一般用户抢mint限量nft时。</p><p>2，网络过于拥堵，即使只是一个简单的操作也需要你等上一个你无法接受的时间。</p><p>对于第一种情况，如果不是自建节点那么改善客户端性能对于降低你自己的gas没太大意义。而第二种情况比较普遍，就是TPS过低—这正好是新闻里所提到的rust重写定序器想要提高的地方。</p><p>举个例子，这就好比游乐园里的项目排队，如果这项目排队一两个小时起，那么愿意花钱的游客就会想着买快速通道票。改善客户端性能相当于游乐园把这个游乐设施扩容了，一次能容纳之前好几倍的游客，那么游客总数不变的情况下排队时间也会大大减少，快速通道票也就没那么必要了。</p><p>因此，改善客户端性能，所减少的gas消耗，其实减少的是消耗在这种小费上的gas。</p><hr><p>但当我们回到StarkNet的定序器话题，上面的结论还能适用么？很可惜，暂时还不能。</p><p>在新的开源定序器blockifier发布前，StarkNet Alpha运行的是一个闭源的高度中心化的定序器，严格按照FIFO（先进先出）来对交易进行定序，这上面是不存在Priority fee机制来调整交易顺序的。</p><p>而新的定序器blockifier，根据目前的代码，其中并无有关Priority fee之类的机制，所以依然是FIFO。因此很显然，这次开发新的定序器，短期内不会影响StarkNet上的gas消耗。</p><p>不过根据 @<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out dont-break-out" href="https://twitter.com/milancermak">milancermak</a> 这位资深爱好者透露，StarkNet将来有可能引入一个 priority fee market。</p><hr><p><em>最后在Max同学的强烈要求下（并没有），给Starknet Astro打一个广告：</em></p><p><em>Starknet Astro 是 Starknet 最具创意的媒体📢 😎，提供最前沿、最深度的生态研究 📖 。我们正在维护一个 </em><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out dont-break-out" href="https://starknet-astro.super.site/"><em>Starknet 知识库</em></a><em>。</em></p><p></p>]]></content:encoded>
            <author>cryptonerdcn@newsletter.paragraph.com (cryptonerdcn)</author>
            <category>web3</category>
            <category>web3降智系列</category>
            <category>starknet</category>
            <category>blockchain</category>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[日本Fracton黑客松启动会个人体验]]></title>
            <link>https://paragraph.com/@cryptonerdcn/日本fracton黑客松启动会个人体验</link>
            <guid>qYOcxa8Gp3GEDPCAprvM</guid>
            <pubDate>Thu, 02 Feb 2023 08:23:31 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[上周日（1月29日）受到  @nothinglezz  邀请参加了  @wecandaoit_jp  的以Infra layer 为主题的黑客松 Kick Off会议，以一个纯路过打酱油视角来聊一聊经过和感想。   会场： 日本企业对于会议的安排一向是比较妥当的，这次的Kick Off，Fracton也很贴心的安排在了曾经很有名日本的金融街兜町&茅场町，车站出来步行三分钟就到的  @FinGATE_heiwa  。   参会人员组成：  演讲者之外，基本没有VC的人参加（除了我旁边坐着的James），交易所的人也很少，大多是工程师，差不多坐满了整个大厅，整体上技术氛围还是比较浓的。 工程...]]></description>
            <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>上周日（1月29日）受到 <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out dont-break-out" href="https://twitter.com/nothinglezz">@nothinglezz</a> 邀请参加了 <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out dont-break-out" href="https://twitter.com/wecandaoit_jp/">@wecandaoit_jp</a> 的以Infra layer 为主题的黑客松 Kick Off会议，以一个纯路过打酱油视角来聊一聊经过和感想。</p><p></p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/papyrus_images/214c47ce94c8c53a12a4787d908f4abf.jpg" alt="Image" title="Image" blurDataURL="data:image/jpeg;base64,/9j/2wBDAAYEBQYFBAYGBQYHBwYIChAKCgkJChQODwwQFxQYGBcUFhYaHSUfGhsjHBYWICwgIyYnKSopGR8tMC0oMCUoKSj/2wBDAQcHBwoIChMKChMoGhYaKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCj/wAARCAAEAAIDASIAAhEBAxEB/8QAFQABAQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAb/xAAeEAABAgcBAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAQIDBgcTJjFF0//EABUBAQEAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAIE/8QAGBEAAwEBAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAABJRAQL/2gAMAwEAAhEDEQA/AL6LSVt1+eT7tesnmABrzCdch//Z" class="image-node embed"><h2>会场：</h2><p>日本企业对于会议的安排一向是比较妥当的，这次的Kick Off，Fracton也很贴心的安排在了曾经很有名日本的金融街兜町&amp;茅场町，车站出来步行三分钟就到的 <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out dont-break-out" href="https://twitter.com/FinGATE_heiwa">@FinGATE_heiwa </a>。</p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/papyrus_images/08ffb636fe70dcfbbe8a635b5be9e542.jpg" alt="FinGATE KAYABA】【日本橋】FinGATE KA..." title="FinGATE KAYABA】【日本橋】FinGATE KA..." blurDataURL="data:image/jpeg;base64,/9j/2wBDAAYEBQYFBAYGBQYHBwYIChAKCgkJChQODwwQFxQYGBcUFhYaHSUfGhsjHBYWICwgIyYnKSopGR8tMC0oMCUoKSj/2wBDAQcHBwoIChMKChMoGhYaKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCj/wAARCAADAAQDASIAAhEBAxEB/8QAFQABAQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAb/xAAgEAABAwQCAwAAAAAAAAAAAAABAgMRAAQFBhMhByMx/8QAFQEBAQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAABAX/xAAZEQACAwEAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAABAgARMRP/2gAMAwEAAhEDEQA/ALbWfG2p7xihmNpxZv8AJcrlrzG5eb9bSyhtMIWB0lIExJ+mT3SlKm9HGExLKLyf/9k=" class="image-node embed"><p></p><h3>参会人员组成：</h3><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/papyrus_images/4fa2129c1887d871d1367bd7a645aa9e.jpg" alt="Image" title="Image" blurDataURL="data:image/jpeg;base64,/9j/2wBDAAYEBQYFBAYGBQYHBwYIChAKCgkJChQODwwQFxQYGBcUFhYaHSUfGhsjHBYWICwgIyYnKSopGR8tMC0oMCUoKSj/2wBDAQcHBwoIChMKChMoGhYaKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCj/wAARCAADAAQDASIAAhEBAxEB/8QAFQABAQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAf/xAAdEAABBAMBAQAAAAAAAAAAAAABAAIDBQQGERIh/8QAFQEBAQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAABAX/xAAYEQADAQEAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAElEBAv/aAAwDAQACEQMRAD8AmG/7NeWd8Z8y3z3Shnjsc7oxwOdz40gIiKY/VHrkP//Z" class="image-node embed"><p>演讲者之外，基本没有VC的人参加（除了我旁边坐着的James），交易所的人也很少，大多是工程师，差不多坐满了整个大厅，整体上技术氛围还是比较浓的。</p><p>工程师之外之外，我还遇上了一位律师，和两位日推的区块链推主。但他们也不是只抱着宣传自己业务&amp;推特的目的来这里，而是很认真的在学习，最后的自由讨论时间也相当的言之有物。（另外提一句，这次参加的人中，绝大部分是日本人或者日裔，外国人加上我应该不超过4个人。）</p><p>Supporter的组成也很有意思，不少非web3业界公司也参与其中，有电通这种广告界龙头，有<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out dont-break-out" href="https://twitter.com/awscloud_jp">@awscloud_jp</a> 这种web2大厂，还有平和不动产这种房地产公司—这次的会场提供者FinGate就是他们下属的公司。</p><p>web3企业则除了<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out dont-break-out" href="https://twitter.com/bitbank_inc">@bitbank_inc</a>  交易所外，多数是比较偏技术向的企业，比如有知名的 <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out dont-break-out" href="https://twitter.com/graphprotocol">The Graph</a> ，有此次黑客松的技术支持提供方，专注于黑客松领域的 <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out dont-break-out" href="https://twitter.com/akindo_io">@akindo_io</a>，还有日本开发者社区<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out dont-break-out" href="https://unchain.tech/">unchain</a> — 我惊奇的发现创始人 <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out dont-break-out" href="https://twitter.com/yuki_unchain">@yuki_unchain</a>  是我前同事。</p><h3>演讲者的内容：</h3><p>FinGate作为场地所有者提到了兜町&amp;茅场町这个曾经的日本华尔街的历史，对于创业者的支持，以及他们主导的兜町&amp;茅场町再开发，有兴趣可以看<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out dont-break-out" href="https://www.heiwa-net.co.jp/urban_development/kabuto_cho/">这里</a>。</p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/papyrus_images/57a438ac8f571f66d013ba23f3f900b8.jpg" alt="Image" title="Image" blurDataURL="data:image/jpeg;base64,/9j/2wBDAAYEBQYFBAYGBQYHBwYIChAKCgkJChQODwwQFxQYGBcUFhYaHSUfGhsjHBYWICwgIyYnKSopGR8tMC0oMCUoKSj/2wBDAQcHBwoIChMKChMoGhYaKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCj/wAARCAACAAQDASIAAhEBAxEB/8QAFQABAQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAf/xAAbEAACAgMBAAAAAAAAAAAAAAABAgADBAUGcf/EABUBAQEAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAEF/8QAGBEAAgMAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAEDMTL/2gAMAwEAAhEDEQA/AL+/C8jlEXZPLaG65wC1lmvpZj6SsRErqgjwj//Z" class="image-node embed"><p>AWS讲述了他们提供的对web3和区块链创业公司的支持，DYDX之类的去中心化项目因为AWS当机而停止服务之类的梗相信大家也听过很多次了。至少现阶段，AWS这个中心化的服务将还会在很多去去中心化项目中担任重要的位置。</p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/papyrus_images/8ba014ce7903fadae29549738dafe2cf.jpg" alt="Image" title="Image" blurDataURL="data:image/jpeg;base64,/9j/2wBDAAYEBQYFBAYGBQYHBwYIChAKCgkJChQODwwQFxQYGBcUFhYaHSUfGhsjHBYWICwgIyYnKSopGR8tMC0oMCUoKSj/2wBDAQcHBwoIChMKChMoGhYaKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCj/wAARCAACAAQDASIAAhEBAxEB/8QAFQABAQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAf/xAAdEAABBAMBAQAAAAAAAAAAAAABAAIDBAUGEQcx/8QAFAEBAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAABP/EABURAQEAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAB/9oADAMBAAIRAxEAPwCo+Y6Tqt3A2Zbus4OxILcjQ+WhE8gAN4OlvxERFhz/2Q==" class="image-node embed"><p>最令我惊讶的是电通的演讲者居然说的是Infra相关的去中心化协议&amp;APP，以及这些组件在商业上形成的Unbundle态势。投资倒是只简单凡尔赛了句他们投了 SuiNetwork。</p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/papyrus_images/2c963ffe9efc64de01470e4fe222ccef.jpg" alt="Image" title="Image" blurDataURL="data:image/jpeg;base64,/9j/2wBDAAYEBQYFBAYGBQYHBwYIChAKCgkJChQODwwQFxQYGBcUFhYaHSUfGhsjHBYWICwgIyYnKSopGR8tMC0oMCUoKSj/2wBDAQcHBwoIChMKChMoGhYaKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCj/wAARCAACAAQDASIAAhEBAxEB/8QAFQABAQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAf/xAAeEAACAgAHAAAAAAAAAAAAAAABAwACBAUHCBEjMf/EABUBAQEAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAME/8QAFhEAAwAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAEx/9oADAMBAAIRAxEAPwCebpWsw+sWZKQy6l1QjilCagdYPgiIlKgLp//Z" class="image-node embed"><p>FreeTalk阶段则分为两个部分，第一部分是讨论实际的Dapp案例部分。可能是因为有MASK的工作人员参与，这部分讨论是从社交类Dapp开始的，提到了lens和最近很火的长毛象以及nostr—说起来21年的时候，我还因为Mask做社交却并没有将数据上链而只是借用推特并加密信息这一点，在推特上和Suji争论过一回。</p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/papyrus_images/be46263566cd371f3c5b0e6150aab082.jpg" alt="Image" title="Image" blurDataURL="data:image/jpeg;base64,/9j/2wBDAAYEBQYFBAYGBQYHBwYIChAKCgkJChQODwwQFxQYGBcUFhYaHSUfGhsjHBYWICwgIyYnKSopGR8tMC0oMCUoKSj/2wBDAQcHBwoIChMKChMoGhYaKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCj/wAARCAACAAQDASIAAhEBAxEB/8QAFQABAQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAb/xAAdEAABBAMBAQAAAAAAAAAAAAABAAIDBAUREyGR/8QAFQEBAQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAQL/xAAWEQEBAQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAjH/2gAMAwEAAhEDEQA/AIi01uUyt+fJtFyYPjYJLA6ODeMZ1s7OvT9REQmtf//Z" class="image-node embed"><p>第二部分则是工程师开发经验谈。当天来的这一批工程师大多是18年前后，即上上一轮牛市入行的。大家谈着谈着就讲起了过去的好（？）日子，作为一个码农听到了很多很怀念的单词。</p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/papyrus_images/759e9abd02eb4576f0f71ff30a823753.jpg" alt="Image" title="Image" blurDataURL="data:image/jpeg;base64,/9j/2wBDAAYEBQYFBAYGBQYHBwYIChAKCgkJChQODwwQFxQYGBcUFhYaHSUfGhsjHBYWICwgIyYnKSopGR8tMC0oMCUoKSj/2wBDAQcHBwoIChMKChMoGhYaKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCj/wAARCAABAAQDASIAAhEBAxEB/8QAFQABAQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAX/xAAYEAEBAAMAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAABDVztP/EABUBAQEAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAME/8QAFhEBAQEAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAEx/9oADAMBAAIRAxEAPwCZZmLdcfDOAaYkf//Z" class="image-node embed"><h3>总结：</h3><p>日本对于web3认知不算很前卫，不那么CryptoNative，但可以看出各个企业都很认真的对待这件事，虽然这也导致了日本的web3和区块链进展很多是由大企业来推动的。而这点也体现在日本的项目特性上，很多项目都非常注重和现实的链接，以及注重区块链应用落地。</p><p>让我们看看在错过了互联网浪潮后，日本是否可以在web3时代崛起吧。</p>]]></content:encoded>
            <author>cryptonerdcn@newsletter.paragraph.com (cryptonerdcn)</author>
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            <title><![CDATA[Welcome to Paragraph!]]></title>
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            <pubDate>Mon, 23 Jan 2023 04:04:05 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[This post teaches you everything you need to know about getting started with Paragraph.]]></description>
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          <a href="https://twitter.com/paragraph_xyz/status/1560419350976221185"><p>05:12 PM • Aug 18, 2022</p></a>
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            <author>cryptonerdcn@newsletter.paragraph.com (cryptonerdcn)</author>
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