Answer expert Dr. Zhang Silai (expert of sina maternal and Infant Research Institute, former director and chief physician of Pediatrics of integrated traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of traditional Chinese Medicine)

Occasionally bloody, children can be vaccinated without other abnormalities.

2022 is a key year for improving the quality of vocational education and tackling key problems in reform.

1、 About two major tasks

The first task: improve quality. Over the past 40 years of reform and opening up, vocational education has developed simultaneously along the two dimensions of scale and connotation, and has gone through three stages: the recovery and development stage of secondary vocational education in the 1980s, the initial construction stage of scale stability and connotation in the 1990s, and the initial formation of system and comprehensive deepening of connotation since the 21st century. In the process of building a high-quality education system during the 14th Five Year Plan period, vocational education is not only a short board, but also the key. Vice Premier sun Chunlan mentioned the word “quality” nearly 40 times at the national vocational education conference, emphasizing the need to “firmly grasp the lifeline of education quality”, “firmly control the quality” and “improve the quality of talent training”. We should pay close attention to the specific measures for the high-quality development of modern vocational education from the aspects of types and characteristics, integration of industry and education, school enterprise cooperation, teaching reform and brand building, so as to effectively improve the quality of vocational education.

The second task: improve the image. Image is the external display of the comprehensive development of vocational education and the concentrated reflection of the development level of vocational education and the recognition of vocational education by the society. “Improving the image” is to change the social stereotype of vocational education on the basis of improving the quality, enhance the attraction of vocational education, let students’ parents choose vocational education, let employers rely on vocational education, gradually form a social atmosphere of “choosing vocational schools for school and looking for vocational schools for skill upgrading”, and establish a good reputation of vocational education.

In short, in a word, we should make vocational education “have learning, hope and ambition”.

2、 About “three files”

Since the 19th CPC National Congress, the CPC Central Committee and the State Council have launched a series of major measures for the reform and development of vocational education, mainly concentrated in three documents. The first is the implementation plan of national vocational education reform, the second is the action plan for improving the quality of Vocational Education (2020-2023), and the third is the opinions on promoting the high-quality development of modern vocational education. The internal logic of these three documents is from deepening reform to improving quality and quality, and then to high-quality development. They are not only interconnected, but also progressive step by step, which defines the policy framework for the reform and development of vocational education during the 14th Five Year Plan period. This year, we have made it a top priority to pay close attention to the implementation. On the one hand, we have improved the coordinated promotion mechanism of ministries, provinces and schools, refined the division of labor, established accounts, transferred responsibilities to the “nerve endings” of the vocational education front, and implemented the reform tasks in detail; On the other hand, we should strengthen incentive guidance and institutional guarantee, fully mobilize the enthusiasm, initiative and creativity of all aspects, and expand the overall effect of the development of vocational education.

First, unremittingly implement the national vocational education reform implementation plan. This document, issued by the State Council, mainly puts forward a series of policies and measures to solve the problems that restrict the development of vocational education system and mechanism for a long time, and defines the road map for deepening the reform of vocational education. We will continue to strengthen departmental communication, increase institutional supply, clear the deep-seated obstacles restricting the reform of vocational education one by one, and implement the tasks put forward in the “20 articles of vocational education” one by one.

Second, vigorously promote the action plan for improving the quality of Vocational Education (2020-2023). This document was jointly issued by nine departments of the inter ministerial Joint Conference on Vocational Education of the State Council. We will consolidate the main responsibilities of local governments and schools, guide local schools to implement the tasks and projects undertaken, evaluate the performance of the implementation, and serve as an important reference for assessing the provincial government’s performance of educational responsibilities and selecting a new round of major reform pilot projects in the field of vocational education.

Third, innovate the mechanism to promote the “opinions on promoting the high-quality development of modern vocational education” to take root. This document is a supporting document of the national vocational education conference issued by the general office of the Central Committee and the general office of the State Council. It mainly makes an overall arrangement for the construction of a high-quality vocational education system based on the consolidation of the orientation of the types of vocational education and the general requirements of the construction of a powerful educational country and the 2035 modernization of China’s education. On the one hand, we will consolidate the local main responsibility and put forward the combination of quantitative and qualitative indicators to ensure that the spirit of national vocational education reform does not decay and lose shape; On the other hand, deepen and