Cognitive therapy Cognition refers to people's knowledge and opinions, including thinking, judging, anticipating, understanding and so on. It has long been known that cognitive processes affect mood, emotion, motivation and behavior, and further affect mental health. Cognitive theory in modern psychology defines the overall model of cognitive activity. Cognitive activity can be divided into four stages: in the first stage, stimuli become sensory materials through sensory organs; In the second stage, the sensory material is endowed with specific meaning through the refraction of individual experience and personality structure. In the third stage, individuals analyze and judge the meaning according to their own situation. In the fourth stage, the analysis and judgment of individuals activate the emotional system and motor system, and produce various emotions and behavioral motivations. According to this theory, if we improve the structure of cognitive factors, adjust the logic of cognition, straighten out the connection of each cognitive stage, then we may correct psychological problems, so as to achieve the purpose of psychological counseling. On this basis, cognitive psychology has developed various treatment techniques and methods, the most influential of which is Baker's cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). The big takeaway from cognitive therapy is that it's not the event itself that causes emotion, but our perception of the event.

This gives us the initiative to change our minds when we can't. This point whether in psychological counseling, or in daily life, all play an extremely important role. Humanism is more of a philosophical thinking than a standardized school of psychological counseling. Humanism emphasizes human dignity, value, creativity and self-realization, which boils down to the development of human potential, and this potential is also an instinct to some extent. This combines human psychology with human essence and distinguishes it from both psychoanalysis and behaviorism. Rogers, the master of humanistic psychotherapy, did not integrate structured counseling techniques. He emphasized that the counselor should be centered on the client, providing an atmosphere of "freedom", "equality", "positive attention" and "sincerity", allowing the client to put down his defense, develop his potential and finally realize himself. Maslow, another main representative of this school, put forward the hierarchy of needs theory. Maslow studied and classified the basic needs of human beings and distinguished them from the instincts of animals. He proposed that human needs develop in different levels. He distinguished human needs from the lowest to the highest in terms of the goals they pursued and the objects they satisfied. He believes that when lower-level needs are satisfied, people tend to voluntarily satisfy higher-level needs. Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory model has been widely used in psychology and management. TCM psychotherapy will interpret symptoms from both physical and psychological aspects. According to the theory of traditional Chinese medicine, people's emotions are closely related to the five Zang organs, and different emotions correspond to different Zang organs. Zang-fu organs are not simply the same as internal organs, as will be explained later. In this case, the client's main emotional disorder is fear, an emotion that belongs to the kidney. Wang teacher thin, from the body type can see the lack of kidney qi; Withered buttocks, indicating a lack of energy from the family; Lumbar vertebrae stiffening further blocks the flow of energy, causing feelings of fear. Wang teacher usually do things cautious, often worry, fear, these are the performance of kidney qi deficiency, blackboard events is just the trigger. From the psychological perspective, such people are usually strict in childhood, and their inner energy is suppressed. When they encounter strong emotions, their energy is not enough to support normal work and life.

How to read required books, is a matter for the experts in each field, I want to talk about today is "not required reading". A great novel. You can make a living without reading it. What I want to say now, however, is that reading is not required reading, but it is a valuable experience of life. This experience, with or without, makes all the difference in life. What is the experience of reading books that are not required? I think the best analogy is "in love". Love is a great school of life, teach us did not understand the truth, let our hearts rich. Reading as a love, is a real spiritual experience, is the exchange and dialogue between life and soul. The author's life, of course, we can not directly experience, but the author wrote a book, just like your lover to talk to you about the feelings of life. A good book is a qualified lover. What is a good lover? It's worth worshipping, it's worth talking to, it's worth talking to, it's worth arguing with, it's just like the relationship between real lovers. Those who find lovers in the sea of books seem to be sick to others. They can't let go of their books, either sad or happy, forgetting to eat or sleep and losing sleep. When reading to forget, nature also want to write a book, that is "love letter" - reading miscellany. It's great privacy, and you're embarrassed to show it to people. A good book is an ideal, unique and interesting mind. This kind of mind is very important to us. When we grow up, we learn to ask questions well at first, but when we grow up, we begin to enter the realm of utilitarianism and develop the habit of seeking advantages and avoiding disadvantages. This is known as "mature", but actually we accumulate a lot of stereotypes and prejudices. When we become stable, we feel that we know everything. This is the scariest. What I'm talking about today is reading, not for entertainment, but for freedom from vulgarity. Reading good, real books, the main purpose is to be free from vulgarity. Why deviate? People who do not read books have ugly faces (life attitude is often vulgar) and tasteless language (speech has no interest and humor, and the content of speech can never be separated from utilitarian or logical things). Reading a book written in words is a valuable experience in life, but it is not a necessary experience in life. An illiterate illiterate, of course, can not read the text of the book, but he still has a lot of opportunities to "read" : he can talk with the gentleman, with the refined gentleman, so, there is an old saying, "talk with you, is better than ten years of books", about this situation. However, there is a lot of difference between being able to read a book with words. Can a man who does not read books meet all kinds of gentlemen and have dinner with him every night? It's a lottery. As for reading books, you can invite all kinds of gentlemen, and you can even arrange a plan for them to come first and last, and communicate with them as you like, and that is the difference. Why is it important to talk to you? Because human life has to mean something. Such a rare life, human life, in the process of its development, always require interpretation. In life, we will encounter setbacks, hardships, successes, joys, whatever it is, our hearts naturally demand interpretation. When suffering to face the brave, smooth to really experience joy. Books can't replace our own interpretation of life, but they can help us. With what kind of people "love", what kind of "love", it depends on our own interpretation of life level.

Originally thought that the new store and the earth city far away, but just on both sides of the mountain. At the high point of the junction, he pointed this way and said: It is a new shop. He pointed to the other side and said: It is the earth city. The sky is wide and the land is wide. There is no obstacle in the heart. There were yellow strips of cloth tangled in the branches of trees by the side of the mountain, the signs of climbers. Mark the location, give directions, indicate the mileage to the next destination. The stone steps of the mountain path were well repaired and lined with amaryllis; Flared red flowers spread from the top of a straight stem on all sides. Amaryllis is a garden flower, and planting along the road like this seems to have been done with special care, and it also adds a little more human flavor to the wilderness landscape. I prefer moon peaches. Because it is the native variety of the mountains, charming and vivacious with the temptation of wild gas. Narrow green leaves, a little like ginger flowers, but more complex. Folk commonly used month peach leaves wrap zongzi, also used to pad in the new steamed rice next, rice grain aroma is permeated with leaves a whole summer sun rain spicy fragrance. Moon peach flowers, porcelain white, a flower stem knot dozens of buds. Each bud tip a little red, red eyes, red like the color of folk festival. White flowers often attract bees and butterflies with their fragrance. The fragrance of the moon peach is strong enough, but the tip of the petal should be marked with bold red, so that the insects can identify it more accurately. The moon peach blossoms, the whole bunch of buds bent down, as if they could not bear the weight of such abundance.

Perhaps the flowers fall or stay on the tree, is in a different way to complete themselves. I want to tell you about the tung flower of May in Taiwan. I don't know why I want to go up the mountain to see the flowers at this time of frequent wars and epidemics. It used to be seen in Miaoli, Sanyi area of central Taiwan mountains. S: You don't have to go that far. There are oil trees in the suburbs of Taipei. S, who lives on a hillside in Ankeng, on the southern tip of Taipei, calls every few days to say that the Tong flowers on the back hill are already blooming magnificently. The night before I went up to see the flowers, I did not expect a heavy rain all night. The next morning, the sun shone brightly into the room. Is a good sunny day, but still uneasy in the heart, remember whether the night flowers were rained. S said: Come on, Tong flower is always open and fall. When we think of wars not so long ago, when thousands of years of artifacts are destroyed in a single night, when the beautiful object we hold in our fearful hands is suddenly crushed into dust, is there any purpose for our laments and our sorrows when our beauty is gone? Tonghua like snow, from a distance, a mountain is white. Into the woods, the trellis trees are ten feet high. Flowers bloom in the treetops, looking up, palm - sized green leaves lined with a bunch of white flowers. The shape of the flower is not obvious, but the gap between the leaves and flowers fell a piece of sunlight, the sun has a fragrance, like snow in the air. And like thousands of white butterflies, flying all over the sky, up in the air, gather scattered clutch. And down they fell, on the faces and heads and bodies of those who looked up. It fell to the ground, covered the ground, and even the forest path was covered with white fallen flowers. Through the people can not bear to tread, and happy and difficult hesitate to hover. "What shall I do? One of the children jumped up and down, and the people listening laughed.

Are we still tired of being trampled on? I do not know why I think of a child in the war, with his arm cut off and his eyes as bright as flowers in full bloom, he looks at the world with a little panic and terror and asks whether his parents are safe in the artillery fire. No one answered his question. The man next to him turned his back, holding back tears. He didn't know how to tell the boy what the war was really like. He wasn't sure if he should let him know how messed up the outside world was. Is there anything else we should believe? In this time of war and disease. The flowers are like snow, flapping the sky and spreading the ground. I held the flower on my palm and examined its shape. It has five petals, white and transparent. The flower core is very fine, a little light red deep in the center, is to make bees and butterflies easy to identify, come to spread pollen! S said: Male flowers fall, and female flowers remain on the tree to bear fruit. The female flowers will bear fruit and remain strong on the branches; When the males have mated, they fall. Life has been completed, from branches and leaves, in fact, not sad. I have a fallen flower in my hand, five petals, by a small green toe. Perhaps the flower falls or stays on the tree, but it completes itself in a different way, which we know little about, and which we are often frightened and sad about. In February this year, when I was lying on my mother's deathbed, I read the words of the Diamond Sutra, "No one looks like me, no one looks like me, no one looks like me, no one looks like me, and no one looks like me." I want to be a child again, in the forest covered with flowers, simply happy or sad, without thinking. Do you remember the first time in your childhood when you were frightened by the trees full of flowers in full bloom? From that moment on, you have joy, also have sadness. We have to live with this joy and sorrow, through the long way to beauty.

It is impossible to avoid difficulties in life, because difficulties are what we are bound to face in life. Therefore, the key is not how to avoid difficulties, but we should learn how to deal with difficulties, learn to move forward in difficulties. Although it seems that whenever we encounter difficulties, we need to overcome them immediately, but often in our efforts to analyze and solve the difficulties, we will also unexpectedly gain hidden life enlightenment. What we need, therefore, is for the experience, step by step, to pour into our hearts, to take root and remake us. Why? When we immerse ourselves in the truest experience, and often the clearest revelation, there is always an infinite opportunity for life to reveal itself to us. So we must keep entering into the discussions that difficulties have opened until the gifts or tools they have opened are revealed to us. In the deepest sense, it should not depend on whether we are in a crowd or alone, or where we belong, or whether someone is watching us. The bloom of flowers is never to please anyone, but the realization of their own essential necessity; The eagle never spread its wings to compete with other birds, but the eagle was born so straight into the sky. The same goes for us. The key to our growth is to be unguarded, because being unguarded allows us to be malleable enough to make transformation possible, so that we can find our place in the vast universe and experience oneness with everything else. Let our own petals begin to open, let our wings begin to beat. When we begin to do this, if no one pays attention to, no one cheers, in our blooming or soaring process is enough to temper our ability to face loneliness. But if we are all known and all are watching, even though we need to be gregarious and suppress our own impulses, we can learn through this process who the most sincere partners are and the beauty of true intima

cy. Of course, being human, we need to understand both in our practice. Sometimes the world will see us as we really are, and sometimes it won't, but that's inevitable. We need both. After all, the purpose of being unguarded is to let one's life fully bloom. The ability to live fully is a challenge we all face from time to time. We must grow by coping with difficulties, and the process of growing requires us to be unguarded. Only when we are unguarded can we be truly touched and transformed by life. This is very important. We can only know the meaning of life through our own real experience. We need to feel it with our head, with our heart, with our skin. I may know what I'm feeling, but I can't feel exactly what you're feeling. As I write this, I'm in southwest Michigan, setting sun, and you're reading this right now in South America, Australia, or Canada... You must be experiencing natural beauty that I never knew existed. No matter where we are, there is so much beyond our perception of life. In order to live well, we all need to open our hearts and let all the outside world complete our limited life. So what do we do? Paradoxically, first we must open our hearts to ourselves. Our minds and hearts are Windows to the outside world, confined by our bodies. To know ourselves completely requires us to be fully aware of our feelings, fully open to all our doubts and perplexities. Knowing oneself is like cleaning a window. When our own window is cleaned, we are ready to observe the outside world. The truth of the mysterious unity of all things is usually hidden in the endless changes of life experience. Everything we have is to find the source of our common, to inhabit ourselves here, to realize the unity with everything. When I became one with everything, fully able to feel how you feel and experience places I've never been, understand cultures I've never encountered, and open myself up to completely different ways of thinking and feeling, then the innate oneness that had been sleeping in my body began to awaken. When we are honest with each other, we are each starting from our own unique personalities and slowly moving toward our shared source.

In that source we can perceive the oneness of all life. The spirit of all of us is one, and the revelation we get from all our experiences is the gift of that spirituality we all share. But we must be able to traverse our differences before we can finally reach our commonalities, just as those pioneers came from far and wide and found a place where no one had ever been before, but everyone knew they were home. To know ourselves completely requires us to be fully aware of our feelings, fully open to our doubts and perplexities. Knowing oneself is like cleaning a window. When our own window is cleaned, we are ready to observe the outside world. The most effective way to find oneness is to love the world, starting with everyone and everything we meet. Seeing the world is a way of saying "yes" to life. Our love can bring life to everything in the world, including our own souls. This gift to light up the world is something we were born with, it's always at our hands, but sometimes we lose faith in it or forget about it. Many a time I have seen my beloved break free like little trees from the vines and stretch toward the sun, and they have seen me pass through difficulties like a stubborn root. But with love, not with watching. With love, like sunlight, is a warm guardian that helps all the things we notice find their power. The guardian of love will let us in a moonlight like water, suddenly realize the truth, will be in pain we suddenly calm, but also can let in the prison of their own suddenly feel sympathetic. We often think that when I get through this difficult time, when I am no longer weak, when I am well, when my head is no longer aching, when I am no longer sad, then I will be stronger and find my roots. But life has taught me the exact opposite process. It is because we fall that we have a chance to get to the bottom of everything. Yes, a painful fall scares us and makes us want to get up right away. But no matter where we want to enter life, no matter where we fall, we are actually guided there. Physical, supernatural, spiritual or emotional, we all have the opportunity to feel the ground beneath our feet. When we stand on our feet, we feel the pulse of life in our bodies, and this is the moment when we begin to feel the root of everything. This is like the solid ground beneath our feet. Although we still have questions about life, at some point we begin to trust without question some deep feeling. When we stumble and touch upon the essence of life, we trust in that deep understanding that comes from within. Why? Because we feel it and know it exists, this knowledge will be the foundation of our lives for the rest of our lives. No one can tell you how to feel this foundation or what kind of feeling it is. There are no words to describe it, and the interesting thing is that all the key questions arise from this feeling and inevitably lead to this feeling.

Writing in simple language is only a small part of the Feynman technique. In fact, the Feynman technique is a widely used learning method, because it touches on the fundamental way humans access information. If you understand the basic structure of the human brain, we know that there are both "rational" and "emotional" people living in the brain. The rational person is superior, but the emotional person is more powerful, so most of the time, our emotional behavior is dominated, including the reception of information. It's not hard to understand why each of us is naturally attracted to the lighthearted and simple things. For example, when reading a book or an article, we tend to listen to the story rather than the reason. Once you understand that, I think anyone who writes will adjust the way they create.

For example, first use the appropriate story to arouse the interest and attention of the other side of the "perceptual person", and then convey the truth to the "rational person" through the "perceptual person", this is a good strategy, two people will be very satisfied. Especially the knowledge, the reason of the book, it is best not to pile up abstract concepts, let a person feel very deep, see the clouds in the fog. If the chart, the model, the concept, perhaps the "rational man" has no opinion, but the "perceptual man" has long been impatient, so he took the "rational man" hand said: "no fun, let's go." The strength of the sentient man makes it difficult for didactic writing to attract readers. Of course, we should not be a "clickbait" who attracts people but has nothing substantive to say, so that the "rational person" will not be satisfied. For example, writing in a conversational style will make the essay feel natural. Many new writers take writing too seriously and start preaching as they go along. In fact, if you think of writing as a conversation with an old friend, the process will be different. You see, chatting is such a relaxing thing, and it is something everyone likes to do. You can't be too serious, you can't be too condescending, you can't just talk about yourself, you have to observe the other person's feelings, so good writing is talking, and good talking is writing. After all, if you can use simple language, don't use complex language, which is one of the core Feynman techniques.

But simplicity doesn't just mean ease, it also means simplicity and image. For example, I consider myself familiar with the concept of deliberate practice. I often use concepts like "information gaps" and "comfort zone edges" to instruct others in reading books. I sometimes use the "one jump" metaphor to explain it, and I think it's already a big deal. And Mr. Mu Xin, a literature master, said this when talking about reading: "Start reading, be shallow. Shallow enough to be commanding when you start." And it hit me like an Epiphany. No abstract concepts and nouns, a few words, easy to understand, but the essence of deliberate practice. Once again, reader Clear Sky asked me: What is the relationship between the concepts of prefrontal cortex, metacognition and rational brain? An analogy struck me: the prefrontal cortex is the "body" of the rational brain and metacognition. This time I was able to turn the tables on you, because it is a very rare and precious thing to think of a suitable analogy. Most of us underestimate the power of analogy, thinking it is just a figure of speech in literature. In fact, it is our way of thinking, but also our cognitive tool. George Lakoff, the founder of cognitive language, once defined and evaluated analogy in this way. One thing to know another thing, is the essence of learning! Because humans can only explain the unknown by the known, it is difficult for us to understand something we have never seen in a vacuum. And analogy is the bridge between the unknown and the known. If you can use the right analogies in your writing, you can simplify a lot of concepts and make them accessible and understandable in a really amazing way. Just like the "11 floors", "sewing buttons" and "two little people in the head" mentioned above... These analogies require little mental effort and allow you to easily understand complex principles. No wonder Li Xiaolai always sticks to this rule when writing: make extensive use of analogies and try not to use any rhetoric except analogy and parallelism... If you practice this principle from time to time, you will find yourself not only writing better, but also learning better.

The same is true of almost any learning. It starts out fast, then slows down and hits a plateau. In the plateau phase, we may put in a lot of effort, but it seems to make no progress, and may even decline, but this is only an illusion, because the neurons in the brain are still making connections and being consolidated, and at a certain point, they will enter the next stage of rapid growth. In the process of learning English, for example, building a new language "filter" usually takes six months to break through the plateau. Many people don't know this rule, try to stick to it for 5 months, and then shake their head and give up when they find no progress. That's a shame, because the hard-won connections weaken and disappear when you give up, forcing you to start all over again. However, those who always insist on "fuming" their ears with English often find that they can understand all the English they didn't understand before. This is the typical manifestation of a breakthrough in the plateau period. I guess everyone has experienced this at some point in their life. When we understand the above rules, we can make different choices in the face of a long period of silence or frustration. Some people choose to give up, while we keep going. At the same time, we will not be frustrated by our own slow progress, nor will we be anxious about the rapid growth of others. Just like writing public accounts, patient people will firmly focus on the long-term value. Their vision is five or 10 years later, so they will not lose motivation due to the low reading volume of the current articles, nor will they be anxious because others have written 10W+ articles (the reading volume of an article reaches more than 100,000). After all, they are in different stages, as long as they continue to create value, Other people's today is their tomorrow. From this perspective, patience is not the result of perseverance, but the result of long-term vision. This also answers the question of why we need lifelong learning. Because when we know more rules, we can locate our stage and position, predict future results, and enhance our patience for continuous action. There is no doubt that awareness of the laws of the external world can double our patience. Many people are ready for everything but patience along the way. Fortunately, patience is not difficult. In fact, knowing the structure of the brain and how things work, our patience level has improved a lot.

But this is far from enough, we need to find more ways to enhance it, such as the following. First of all, face the nature, put down the psychological baggage, embrace yourself. When we understand that impatience is our nature, let's embrace it. From now on, don't blame yourself or feel guilty for any impatience, anxiety or impatience you show. As soon as you feel that you are starting to lose patience, gently say to yourself, "You see, the primitive man in me has come out again. It is really not easy for him to leave the jungle and live in the city. As long as you talk gently to yourself, the caveman in you will be willing to listen to your wishes. Of course, it can take a while to develop patience. Don't expect to be patient all at once. Being anxious about not getting better immediately is a sign of impatience. So building patience starts with accepting that you're impatient. Second, in the face of temptation, learn to delay gratification and turn confrontation into communication. Comfort and temptation are the favorites of the instinctive and emotional brain. To completely give up comfort and temptation is equivalent to direct confrontation with the instinctive and emotional brain. Obviously, the rational brain is no match for them, and defeat will come sooner or later. The sensible thing to do is to communicate with them, which is what the rational brain is best at. Just like talking to yourself above, gently tell them, "They will enjoy every bit as much as they deserve, just not now, but after the important things are done." This is an effective strategy, because by giving up the enjoyment, they won't agree, but by delaying the enjoyment, they will.

The concept of the "edge of your comfort zone" is so important that it doesn't matter if you don't fully understand it, just keep it in mind and we'll come back to it again and again. Plus, you might have noticed that the compound interest curve and the edge of your comfort zone are good friends, and together they can help us see the power of patience in the big picture, and that this power applies to the average person. With the support of the above macro law, we can observe the micro law. For learning and growth, the growth weight contrast is the first thing everyone should know, which reveals the relationship between "learning, thinking, acting and changing" in the growth process: That is to say, for learning, the thinking after learning, the action after thinking, and the change after action are more important. If we do not focus on the change of the inner layer, no matter how much learning is invested in the surface layer, it will get less result with less effort. Therefore, in terms of weight, the amount of change > the amount of action > the amount of thinking > the amount of learning. Many people suffer from anxiety because they only look at the surface of the amount of learning. They read a lot of books, sign up for a lot of classes, punch in the clock every day and insist on it every day, trying to move themselves, but they never pay deep attention to their own thinking, actions and changes, so they always feel that they have not learned anything, and even think that they are not working hard enough and should continue to increase the amount of learning. As a result, they fall into a vicious circle of "the more they learn, the more anxious they become, the more anxious they become". The reason is still our nature. Because it's easy to just keep learning inputs, but it's harder to think, act, and change. In the absence of awareness, we instinctively tend to retreat and unconsciously immerse ourselves in the surface learning volume. At the same time, surface learning is also the most directly visible effect, such as today read a book, study for 5 hours, recite 100 words...... The results are immediate, and the underlying changes are less likely to happen, so our eager nature also drives us to choose the former. The dialectical relationship of "more is less, and less is more" can be vividly reflected in Figure 1-5. If we stop at the surface, we will fall into the vortex of desire, wanting to learn and want everything, but achieving little in our busy life. If we can get to the bottom and focus on real change, we can break out of the cycle of blindness, anxiety, and impetuousness. For example, when reading a book, we don't want to remember all the knowledge in the book, as long as one or two ideas have prompted us to make real changes, the harvest and significance is much greater than reading a lot of books but only stay at the level of knowledge. Often with such a standard to guide their learning, we will gain more and more, anxiety will be less and less, patience will naturally become stronger and stronger. Another microscopic rule worth paying attention to is the learning plateau. This rule shows that the relationship between learning progress and time is not linear as we think (the amount of learning is the same), but presents a wavy upward curve.

In the future, drinks will be produced faster and faster, and RTD[illustration] cocktail products will be more and more. We hope that in the near future, we can show overseas customers or bartenders that we have improved and made great breakthroughs in the use of ingredients. I left my job as a bartender in 2017 and moved abroad from China. No matter how your surroundings change, some habits remain unchanged. I still like to get to know a city at night, going from bar to bar, watching Chicago from The Aviary's door as the snow falls and the breath smells strong with alcohol.

Breezes on the banks of the Thames on the way from the American bar to Lyaness; With a glass at the Little red Door, feel the romance of October in Paris. I will still save some midnight in my life, after the sun has set over the Arno River, when the lights are all over Florence, before the blue sky recedes overhead, through the old streets, Bridges and alleys, to the pub for a drink. Rasputin, where I often go, is a very private bar tucked away on a particularly narrow street, with only a mysterious scarlet velvet curtain hanging over the entrance, blocking the passage to the basement. Ring the bell and someone will greet you. Through the stairs, furniture from the past, animal skulls, ancient black pianos, candle tears as thick as oil... The cocktail, which changes twice a year, is sophisticated and simple, and in keeping with the Italian kitchen's reverence for raw materials and clever use of spices. After a night of fun, you walk up the stairs and back to reality, its doors closing gently behind you, the wet streets still and empty, and you wonder where you've been, as if the rain and all of it were a drunken dream. Going back to the future of the bartending industry, I hope that the popularity of cocktail culture will be higher. The bartender industry does not want to have secrets. On the contrary, if consumers can regard simple knowledge of cocktails as common sense, go to the bar as a customary relaxation or long-term interest, make classical cocktails and martinis as well-known as mapo tofu and fish-flavored pork, make unfamiliar wine names become specific taste imagination in their minds, and make the drinks at family gatherings become various. Then our bartending industry took off.

It's easy to see that there are no barriers to entry in the bartending industry. In addition to the hardware you already have, it's also important to improve your foreign language skills if you want to equip yourself with some basic skills or strengths. Because bartending itself is a foreign product, you may need to connect with the source of your knowledge if you want to become more successful on this path or have some high aspirations for the future. Some people ask, how can you tell if someone is a bartender? Does he have a certificate of completion or an employment agreement to prove his status? The answer, of course, is no, at least not yet. Bartending is still a niche profession in China, with no official organization and no standard trade certificate. The official certification is divided into skills category and recognition industry contribution category. Skills certification is similar to WSET[illustration] or IWS[illustration] relatively authoritative certification, it is not a bad thing to find out before entering the profession; There are a variety of certifications that recognize contributions to the industry, such as Whiskey Holder, Aven Upstate Musketeer, Champagne Knight, etc., and their value depends on the circumstances. Not only is there no threshold in the bartending industry, there are no secrets even. The so-called processing methods and processing methods (molecular, soaking, extraction, distillation, clarification, etc.) are no more complex than the complexity of cooking.

Now, you already know that the sane man has seven balls in his hand, but did you know that he has a pair of wings behind him? Think about it, if your sensible little person could take to the air, you would be able to "fly" along the way to learning, which would be a huge advantage! Unfortunately, most people don't realize they have them, let alone wield them. If you want to awaken those wings, then follow me as I continue to explore the higher functions of the brain. A pair of wings To understand this pair of wings, we have to start in the mirror. Suppose you put a mirror in front of every animal in the world, and guess what would happen? They think that the animal in the mirror is not them, but another animal (except humans and gorillas). But humans are not like gorillas. Gorillas can only tell that the gorilla in the mirror is themselves. Once the mirror is taken away, they can't imagine another "virtual self" because their brains can only focus on what exists in reality. Even if the mirror in front of people is taken away, we can detach ourselves from the self and the current situation and imagine "another self" standing in front of us. Moreover, because this "self" is our imagination, so he is not bound by the body, he can "fly" to high places, and even can surround himself 360 degrees and observe himself, just like a pair of wings on his body. This ability to see oneself outside oneself is the ultimate human cognitive ability, metacognition. You may have never heard the word "metacognition" before, but that's okay. We just need to break it down to understand yuan, which means "head, first, first, and great" in Chinese, i.e. the highest level. For example, the top leader of a country would be called the head of state. Metacognition, which is the highest level of cognition, is able to recognize and understand its own thinking process.

It may sound like a mouthful, but metacognitive abilities are the self-awareness and reflective abilities we take for granted. This ability is not only unique to us as human beings, it is also the source of our greatness [illustration]. Because other animals can only rely on instinct and emotion to survive, while human beings can not only rely on reason to live, but also through reason to observe their own thinking activities, find out what is unreasonable, and then improve and optimize, constantly make better choices. With this ability, our cognitive ability and learning ability can evolve rapidly, because the mind with this ability is like a hammer, it can not only hammer a nail, it can copy another hammer to hit itself. With the right method and frequent corrections, the hammer will evolve into a more advanced tool. Metacognition is not turned on by default. Unfortunately, it's not turned on by default. At least for the first 10 years of our lives, it's hard to turn it on successfully, because our intellectual brains haven't matured enough to have the hardware for this part of the function. A person needs to be about 12 years old (sixth grade in primary school) to gradually acquire the ability of active self-reflection, but before that, people can only understand everything from their own perspective, and their attention is easily pulled away by external things. After that, things will change slowly, although but this self awareness and reflection of metacognitive ability are rarely have the opportunity to get exercise, because our rational brain while in school for a lot of exercise, but exercise is a focus on "learning, understanding, memory and computing" these abilities, rarely involve "awareness, to reflect, review, select". Therefore, many people learn a lot of knowledge, but they are very passive in self-awareness, self-control, self-correction, self-motivation, and this passivity can be a huge obstacle to learning. It can be seen that the rational brain's ability to learn is divided into two parts -- ordinary cognitive ability and higher metacognitive ability. The latter is like a pair of invisible wings that few people notice. A person who has not turned on metacognition will unconsciously act on feelings and preferences, both physically and mentally, and will unconsciously pursue the comfort and simplicity of the present. Therefore, their learning state is often like this: they are easy to be attracted by the temptation of external things, often distracted and unaware; Lack of self-control, everything like to start from the easiest part; He is not sensitive to the mistakes he has made in his study. When he gets a bad test result, he will be sad for a while and forget it later. They never take the initiative to think about the meaning of learning, learning for them is the task required by the outside world; Mood swings, once encountered conflicts will complain, or immersed in the sad mood can not extricate themselves... They seem to flap their wings only when they are forced to, for example, to reflect and correct when they are criticized or criticized. Once back in the good times, they will continue to live by their "short-sighted, instant gratification" nature, to be lazy, to procrastinate, and to be unaware of the good or bad of their own actions.

As the name suggests, mindfulness breathing involves taking deep breaths with your eyes closed in a quiet place, with all your attention focused on the breath and feelings. You must be wondering how this focus on breathing has anything to do with learning. But if I were to compare it to "calisthenics" for the brain, I'm sure you'd see right away how it can train seven little balls to do one thing at a time. By adhering to this practice, we can develop the habit of mindfulness, turn it into an unconscious behavior, and automatically restrain the wandering mind and the wandering mind. In other words, all seven balls are available to me when I need them. Now, do you finally know how this seemingly unproductive activity, which has nothing to do with learning, can make a person smart? When we learn a variety of skills, such as piano, swimming, gymnastics, etc., we can increase the density of neurons in the relevant brain areas and promote the communication between brain cells.

But when these exercises stop, the neurons begin to decrease, and the changes caused by focused breathing are long-lasting. If you don't have the environment or conditions to practice, you can make a conscious effort to keep your mind and body together. For example, when running, feel the full force of lifting your legs and swinging your arms, breathing, breathing, or facing the breeze. When you sleep, feel the tension and relaxation of your body. When eating, try to feel the taste of the food, taste the whole process from there to nothing, do not eat the first bite of food has not been rushed into the mouth of the second mouth of food...... This kind of attention exercise works just as well. Of course, you may ask, does a person become smart if he or she is absorbed in a video game? The answer is no. Because the key to this exercise is active control of attention, whereas games are passive focus, passive attraction at high stimuli. This kind of focus is not only not beneficial, but also hurts the ability to focus on learning. Including mindlessly or imaginingly, does nothing to improve your ability to focus.

Concentrating on your breath may seem simple, but it's not easy because you'll find yourself easily distracted and unable to hold on for even a few seconds. But that's okay, we all go through this process in the beginning, and as long as we keep practicing, our focus will naturally get better and better. In the end, the common goal of both the training balls and the conditioning balls is to develop the mental resources the brain uses for learning. People often say, "If you want to be rich, build roads." In fact, learning is the same -- in order to make progress, we also need to build the "road" in the brain, and to build the "highway". If the road is built properly, we'll be able to carve out seven lanes on this highway. A person hurtling down a seven-lane highway is bound to run faster and farther than someone on a narrow path.

In the world of learning, there is another very important rule -- the edge of your comfort zone. It reveals the universal law of growth: whether individual or group, and their ability to "comfort zone - tensile area [illustrations] - difficult area" (illustrated) in the form of distribution, to make rapid progress, must let oneself always on the verge of comfort zone and rushed across the difficult area can let oneself be thwarted, and always stay in the comfort zone will let oneself stagnation. Human nature is the opposite of this rule. We are always eager in our desires. For example, we always want to eat into a big fat, want to learn this, want to learn that, but also want to learn more, learn fast, learn difficult, such mentality will inevitably make ourselves frustrated in the difficult area all the time. It is always easier for us to move. Such as some of my classmates on the surface looks very hard, learning all day, as if never rest, hard to move yourself, but the academic record has been flat, because they look like very patient, is actually in the comfort zone, repeatedly doing the things that don't have to the brain, with the core of the real difficulties around by.

If we can learn to work at the edge of our comfort zone, then the results and confidence will be completely different, because the edge of our comfort zone is the area of both achievement and challenge, and it is also the area where we make the most progress. It doesn't matter if you don't understand it, just remember it first. In a word, this rule is very important, is the core of our solution to learning difficulties. It is not difficult to have patience. In fact, knowing this knowledge about the brain structure and how to learn, our patience level has been imperceptibly improved. But this is far from enough, we need to find more ways to enhance it, such as the following. First, face the nature, put down the psychological burden, open to accept yourself. When we understand that impatience is our nature, let's embrace it. From now on, to show any irritable, anxious, impatient, don't feel remorse and guilt, once aware of their own started to lose patience, just gently said to myself: "you see, the primitive and out of my body, let him to leave the jungle to the city life, it is not easy to do, to understand him." As long as you talk gently to yourself, the caveman in you will be willing to listen to your wishes. Of course, patience can take a while to develop, so don't expect to be patient all at once. Being anxious about not getting better right away is a sign of impatience in itself. Building patience starts with accepting that you lack patience. Second, in the face of temptation, learn to delay gratification and turn confrontation into communication. Comfort and temptation are the favorites of the instinctive and emotional brain. To completely give up comfort and temptation is equivalent to direct confrontation with the instinctive and emotional brain. Obviously, the rational brain is no match for them, and defeat will come sooner or later. The sensible thing to do is to communicate with them, which is what the rational brain is best at. Just like talking to yourself above, gently tell them, "They will enjoy every bit as much as they deserve, just not now, but after the important things are done." This is an effective strategy, because by giving up the enjoyment, they won't agree, but by delaying the enjoyment, they will. Take homework, for example. Every time you get home, you may want to relax before you do your homework, but once you relax, you will probably relax for half an hour. As a result, it is difficult to get into the state when you write your homework. Even when you play, you will not enjoy yourself because there is still homework to be completed.

So, before you enter the house, you might as well use a minute of time to talk to yourself: "Be patient for a while, do your homework first, and then leave yourself half an hour or an hour, how to play." Through self-communication and guidance, the instinctive and emotional brains feel secure, and often they are willing to let the rational brain get in the way. The advantage of this kind of "post-recreation" is that the pleasure of pleasure is based on the sense of achievement after finishing the homework, which is very relaxed and practical, just like a reward; While "entertainment first" although very happy at the beginning, but the energy will be infinite divergent, delay the learning task, as the passage of time, people will be empty, anxious. After repeated experiences, the caveman in the body also tends to favor post-entertainment, which is more comfortable, after all. If you get into the habit of doing your homework first, the satisfaction you get from prioritizing your homework may also replace the immediate pleasure of having fun -- since there are higher levels of enjoyment to choose from, you will naturally want less of lower levels of enjoyment. Of course, the path to habit formation is not as easy as I said, and sometimes the urge to "not feel comfortable" is just too strong. How to do? The strategy is still to talk to yourself: "Just play it, five minutes, and end it when the time is up." Don't force confrontation and don't beat yourself up. It's also very helpful to let your impulses go. This is what it means to be patient, not to rush things, to allow yourself to change slowly and even fail often. Whatever the outcome, talking to yourself will produce results.

1. Clear logic Behind a good copy must be a logical layout. It comes from a lot of user research, crowd analysis, competitive product analysis, and so on. It is by no means a slap on the forehead of a new media copywriter. 2. Diverse language styles Due to the different language styles used by different target users, new media copywriters must learn to master a variety of language styles, such as rigorous, lively, witty, warm, questioning, confessional, dialogue and so on. 3. Familiar with writing skills New media copywriters should be familiar with all kinds of copywriting skills, such as attracting the attention of the title, laying the mood, telling the story, creating demands, hitting the pain point and so on. They should know what content to write can make users feel plugged in, and what pictures to put can stimulate users' desire to buy. Good ideas can make copywriting deeply rooted and resonate. Creativity is sometimes a gift, but it can also be deliberately cultivated through practice. A professional new media copywriter should have the habit of recording and collecting all kinds of ideas anytime and anywhere. When you go to the mall or eat out, you should write down interesting copywriting and organize it into your creative material library. An excellent new media copywriter also needs to improve his aesthetic ability. Good aesthetic ability is also the basis for identifying good ideas. Aesthetic ability is also known as "artistic appreciation", that is, can feel and appreciate the beauty of things, and clear definition of beauty. To become a good new media copywriter, one needs to constantly observe excellent works, summarize aesthetic rules and apply them in his copywriting.

Don't blindly pursue fashion, in daily life, we should do "keep the heart". Keep the heart, subtraction thinking, minimalist life do not blindly pursue popular, in daily life, we should do "keep the heart". Keep your own heart, do not follow blindly, do not follow, you have the ability to distinguish things. For now, the health boom is still overheated. And the benefits of beauty-related products are being hyped. Although WANT TO HAVE HEALTHY BODY, WANT TO PURSUE BEAUTIFUL, IT IS VERY GOOD IDEA, BUT DOES EVERYBODY NOT FEEL THAT THIS ALSO USES THE PRACTICE THAT ALSO PRACTICES ALREADY EXCEEDED CERTAIN LIMIT? Some people will not only practice new beauty treatments or eat foods deemed healthy, but will practice new health practices when the fad dies down and new health practices are proposed. It's like playing a game of catch-up. Now, the reason why the health craze is repeated is because people think additively. It is assumed that the constant buying of what is seen as healthy is good. In the Zen world, we think subtractively. When we eat, for example, we choose what we eat not based on whether it is good for our health, but on whether we have removed what is bad for our health. In addition to food, we should try our best to get rid of unhealthy habits. Getting rid of these habits will help us gain health and beauty. I always thought that the Japanese used to live a subtraction life.

Take Europe, which has a perfume culture, for example, because Europeans with strong body odor, want to cover up their body odor, so they developed perfume that smells stronger than body odor. Using perfume to cover up body odor is additive thinking. The Japanese, on the other hand, want to get rid of it. They get into the tub and wash their bodies carefully. They're not trying to cover up body odor, they're trying to get rid of it. This is why the Japanese have soap culture. I think the "smell of soap" was probably the most comforting thing for Japanese people in the past. I found that under the influence of European and American culture, people who think by subtraction have become less and less. Do not give up the habit so far, but want to have a healthy body. So continue to practice new methods. I can't help but feel that this kind of additive thinking has spawned all sorts of troubles. Please reexamine the addition life, the addition life into the subtraction life! Gradually reduce the number of times you use addition in your thinking. If you can do this, your mood will definitely improve. The concept of subtractive life, or the concept of minimalist life, is very consistent with the concept of Zen. I hope that the traditional concept of Zen and the modern concept of subtraction and minimalism can be combined and unified to suit the needs of contemporary people. Zen is not an outdated concept. Its core is the same should change, but it is also new, is constantly changing, so, with Zen to live, is subtractive life, or minimalist life. I hope that when we absorb the Western concept of subtractive life and minimalist life, we do not abandon the Eastern concept of Zen life. After all, the West is also learning our Zen, and this should be something we are proud of!

The concept of funnel growth I think goes back to Frederick Taylor's idea of scientific management. Taylor's improvement in efficiency lies not in the improvement of technology, but in the optimization of the process of using technology. General Stanley McChrystal in the fu can create agile teams to deal with uncertainty, "[illustrations] this book describes the Taylor in Paris exposition on display at a metal processing system, the processing system has caused the industry, because it can cut 15 meters per minute steel, at a time when the industry standard is only cut 2.7 meters per minute. The Taylor system is nearly six times faster than the industry standard. Taylor did not invent any new technology, but he found that as technology improved, the methodology of management technology did not.

That is, software has not kept pace with hardware. This is very similar to work in the area of user growth. As people demand more and more growth, technology is no longer the bottleneck, but the accumulation of experience and methodology about user growth is far from satisfying people's growing demands. Taylor's idea of scientific management is actually the central idea of reductionism, which holds that the complex world can be broken down into many small and simple components. If the input of each part is certain, the output of the whole is also certain. Taylor believes that we can break down the work process into as many low-tech pieces as possible, and by optimizing the simple pieces, we can greatly improve overall efficiency. In the funnel growth project, we also break down the user experience process in the product into small links, and improve the overall LTV of users by optimizing the transformation efficiency of each link. From this point of view, our idea and Taylor's idea of scientific management is a perfect fit. But there are some differences in funnel growth compared to Taylor's idea. Taylor believes that after the work is broken down into small parts, the workers who perform each part of the task are just like a machine, and what they need to do is just like the screw work shown by Chaplin in Modern Times. But in the process of doing a funnel growth project, the optimization of each link needs a lot of testing. The growth team members who design the test plans, execute the tests, and analyze the results have a lot of autonomy and are able to use their creativity to find creative ideas to improve the transformation. Therefore, the funnel growth is a combination of scientific management and artistic creation. Compared with Taylor's requirements for workers, our requirements for the funnel growth project team are much higher. Growth itself is a mixture of technology and art. Funnel growth project is the most common growth project, you often hear AARRR[inset] model actually better show the concept of funnel growth.

AARRR model is a relatively basic growth methodology, which will not be introduced in this book. Readers can search for relevant content by themselves. In short, the core of funnel growth is to increase the conversion rate of users from one link to the next. Taking shared bikes as an example, in order to improve the conversion rate of users from registration to the first order, newly registered users can get the privilege of free deposit and free ride experience, which can greatly reduce the threshold of users' first ride, so that more users can take the first ride. The core logic behind this is to believe that your experience is good enough, so make it as low as possible and let people play it a few times and they will naturally repeat. In addition, there are transformation optimization for some page layout and content, so that users click into the next link or not to enter the next link, such as the user in the exit or unsubscribe a service when the second confirmation. When I was at ofo, I used some similar strategies for users to return their deposits. At that time, due to malicious damage to the vehicles in a certain area, many broken cars were not repaired in time. In the process of riding the broken cars or continuously scanning the code to meet the broken cars, users would have a very unpleasant experience, and then angrily return the deposit. In the process of users returning the deposit, we have optimized the interface for selecting the reason for returning the deposit. If the user chooses a broken car, we will display a prompt on the page to tell the user that the car has been maliciously damaged and we are rushing to repair it. Such a simple move, let users return the deposit ratio reduced. Of course, this is proven by A/B testing and excludes seasonal disturbances. This is a very preliminary example of funnel growth, which I won't go into here.

Various mutations will occur in the genes of organisms, and eventually the genes conducive to survival will be inherited, thus promoting the continuous evolution of organisms. Without these redundant mutations, evolution would not have been what it is today. To combat uncertainty with redundancy, it is a basic rule to try something with low probability several times. Generally, the boss or the board of directors of the company evaluates the managers in a time period. Imagine if your main business was in decline and you told your board that it was dead and you were trying to find a new curve. Therefore, smart, capable managers are extremely experienced, the workplace has been tempered, can push this outcome. One generation plants trees for the next generation to enjoy the shade. Good managers have great insight and are good at finding shade. It is unlikely that a manager will plant a tree or even fertilize it himself, but instead of waiting for the shade, he will end up giving it to someone else. When the business growth curve is around point C, it is not human to ask managers to devote resources to exploration beyond the original curve.

Therefore, the more excellent managers are, the less likely they are to jump out of the original curve. This is not the problem of managers themselves, but the "manager's dilemma". This situation is particularly apt to be described by a phrase which I have summarized to describe the fatalistic plot of Greek mythology: this attempt to escape fate, which human nature allows us to naturally produce, is the means by which fate is repeated. So can the manager's dilemma ever be broken? It is possible in two cases: one is when the controlling founder takes direct charge of the business himself, shrinks the front line, focuses resources on promising new businesses and speeds up exploration of the second curve, such as Apple's Renaissance; The other is that the board of directors will add the assessment of innovation exploration to the usual assessment of managers, so that managers will continue to invest in exploring the new curve when the business growth pressure of the first curve is small, and the growth of the new curve will be included in the assessment. But the second scenario is hard to come by, especially for listed companies. Many shareholders of listed companies are institutional investors in the capital market, and they attach great importance to short-term returns. As a result, investing in the long term is difficult for capital markets to accept, and Amazon founder Jeff Bezos was criticized by institutional investors for a long time in his early days.