Introduction: Industry 4.0 and 5.0

Technology's relentless advance requires our adjustment to a new lexicon, a strange dictionary of words and phrases that emerge into our everyday communications with little explanation. Industry 4.0 is an example, a phrase ubiquitous in articles on manufacturing, distribution, or maintenance, yet we struggle when challenged to define it. In this series of articles, we'll be looking at a range of technologies revolutionising maintenance, but before we dive into those, we should understand the conceptual foundation upon which they stand.

Industry 4.0's genesis

Industry 4.0 is shorthand to describe the fourth industrial revolution, a phrase coined by a group of German scientists engaged in developing a high-technology strategy for their Government. The World Economic Forum then launched the phrase into our consciousness as a theme for the 2016 World Economic Forum Annual Meeting in Switzerland. 

The term Industry 4.0 extrapolates from the original industrial revolution during the late 18th and early 19th centuries, which heralded new manufacturing processes. This time was an inflexion point in history, altering people's lives, increasing average incomes, and boosting the world's population as our standard of living consistently improved.

Technological advance

The second industrial revolution occurred in the late 19th and early 20th centuries and was known as the technological revolution. This period introduced scientific manufacturing methods, including mass production and standardisation. Known for the development of the machine tool industry and the Bessemer process that cheaply mass-produced steel, the second industrial revolution saw huge advances in the spread of utilities, like water, gas, and sewage systems, and public transport, which supported the spread of people across the globe.

Digitalisation

The digital revolution that began post World War II is the third industrial revolution, heralding the shift from mechanical and analogue electronics to digital and beginning the move into the information age. The mass production of integrated circuits and digital logic gave us cell phones, computers, and the internet, enabling always-on, real-time communication and fast-tracking globalisation by enabling outsourcing.

The advance of the algorithm

The world now allegedly finds itself amid the fourth industrial revolution, although some debate the fact. Wherever one sits on the issue, there is no argument that we are in an era characterised by data exchange and automation. Industry 4.0 is a term that refers to industrial technologies and processes that increase operational efficiency through using interconnection and decentralised decision-making to perform complex or repetitive functions. Common technologies include artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML), the industrial internet of things (IIoT), and cloud computing. 

Human-centric development

While some are only now becoming aware of Industry 4.0, the European Commission (EC) is already promoting debate on Industry 5.0. It intends to shift the focus from shareholder value which is implicit in Industry 4.0, to stakeholder value and use technological innovation to benefit rather than threaten industry workers. It also aims to drive respect for social and planetary considerations. The EC wishes to see industrial technologies become human-centric and sustainable, reinforcing industry contribution to society while creating resilience.

Onto the interesting bits...

So well done for getting through that dry and quick summary of the foundations and terminology underpinning emerging technologies, and in the coming articles, we'll do a more exciting deep dive into some of the established and emerging technologies that have transformed or are transforming the state of manufacturing generally and maintenance in particular. 

1. European Commission, Directorate-General for Research and Innovation, Breque, M., De Nul, L., Petridis, A., Industry 5.0: towards a sustainable, human-centric and resilient European industry, Publications Office, 2021, https://data.europa.eu/doi/10.2777/308407

Intelligent Content (intelligentcontent.org) is a professional content agency that writes technical and business content. We make complex technical engineering and business concepts understandable, conveying the information in a vocabulary appropriate for a sophisticated and professional audience.

David spent 20 years in aviation maintenance before gaining an MBA and spending another 20 years recovering failing businesses and mega-projects. He has held several Director roles and worked at the Board level. Now based in the UK, he has lived and worked in six countries. A native English speaker, David co-founded Intelligent Content in 2019, working full-time in the business with his partner and associates.

Due to the availability of several apps, it appears we must now avoid adjectives and adverbs and never use a complex word where a simpler alternative exists. We can't use long sentences, or Google will disapprove, and we must avoid passive voice at all costs. We also must not use words that an eighth-grader would struggle to understand. For those of us raised in the English schooling system, that's an age of 13 to 14 years.

Oh yes, compound sentences are frowned upon, industry jargon discouraged, and always be sure to use Anglo-Saxon words over those of Latin origin.

The prescience of Orwell

I recently reread George Orwell's dystopian novel 1984 and rediscovered the invented language of Newspeak used by the country's inhabitants. It struck me that there are parallels to the current fetish for language simplification. In Orwell's novel, oversimplifying and limiting vocabulary was a means to prevent complex thinking and ensure alignment with the totalitarian government's doctrine. Now, I don't mean to suggest the message of the well-intended is some dark conspiracy, but won't the outcome be similar?

The English language is nuanced, three-dimensional, and complex. It conveys comprehension, emotion, and a sense of rhythm when expressed well, and it worries me that words will disappear due to a fad.

Inverted snobbery, perhaps?

Take a simple example. Most articles you read on simplifying your writing will tell you to eschew 'utilise' for 'use.' Yet the two words have different meanings. A nuanced difference, admittedly, but different nonetheless. Use means "to put something to a particular use", while utilise means "to use something in an effective way". The addition of effectiveness is the differentiator. However, I've read articles where the writer has scorned those daring to add depth and nuance by using utilise, accusing them of trying to appear high-brow or showing off.

Now I'm not being deliberately obtuse for dramatic (or grammatic) effect. I understand that blogging is a numbers game, where, generally, the more readers you get, the greater your revenue. I also understand that where you can improve readability and comprehension through simplification, you should. Yet the message seldom considers context and reader education. I firmly believe there is a need for writing in this world that deals with complex topics.

Horses for courses

I come from an engineering background and have worked for many decades at a senior level within the corporate world. When I write a complex business plan or proposal, a technical description for engineers, a capability statement, or a whitepaper, I do so in the knowledge of the intended reader. I understand their intellect, jargon, and their expected outcomes. Dumbing down the text to grade eight to meet the strident demands of offended observers serves no purpose other than to create anodyne text that fails to meet the client's intent.

So we built an echo chamber...

Based on this, my business partner and I founded Intelligent Content. Not out of some Quixotic crusade to save the English language, but because we quickly realised that others feel like us. The more we began to write, the more we had clients seeking technical and business writing for adults. We still write blog posts and sometimes even manage to get down to grade eight, but isn't the world a richer, more colourful place when we explore the four corners of the English language?

Intelligent Content (intelligentcontent.org) is a professional content agency that writes technical and business content. We make complex technical engineering and business concepts understandable, conveying the information in a vocabulary appropriate for a sophisticated and professional audience.

David spent 20 years in aviation maintenance before gaining an MBA and spending another 20 years recovering failing businesses and mega-projects. He has held several Director roles and worked at the Board level. Now based in the UK, he has lived and worked in six countries. A native English speaker, David co-founded Intelligent Content in 2019, working full-time in the business with his partner and associates.