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        <title>jessicashen.eth</title>
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        <description>Web3 Buidler &amp; Investor</description>
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            <title><![CDATA["Endgame" of Web3.0 Investments]]></title>
            <link>https://paragraph.com/@jessicashen/endgame-of-web3-0-investments</link>
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            <pubDate>Mon, 09 Jan 2023 08:24:35 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[Web3.0 is not a perfectly competitive market, so most of the discussion does not hold. “Begin with the end in mind” rule applies well to Web3.0 investments, too. This article entails my thoughts on the Endgame of Web3.0 investments and opens up questions about investing in Web3.0. Please bear with my top-to-bottom, macro-to-micro strcuture. This is merely personal opinions so DYOR. The project discussion is not meant to be investment advice. For the Chinese version, please go to: Web3.0投资的点滴终...]]></description>
            <content:encoded><![CDATA[<blockquote><p>Web3.0 is not a perfectly competitive market, so most of the discussion does <strong>not hold</strong>. “Begin with the end in mind” rule applies well to Web3.0 investments, too. This article entails my thoughts on <strong>the Endgame of Web3.0 investments</strong> and <strong>opens up questions about investing in Web3.0</strong>.</p><p>Please bear with my top-to-bottom, macro-to-micro strcuture. This is merely personal opinions so DYOR. The project discussion is not meant to be investment advice.</p><p>For the Chinese version, please go to: <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out" href="https://mirror.xyz/jessicashen.eth/x1iK7qqmTgfFA2Pgff-_hSKvQBoHzCO7GlIkxQl7_xI">Web3.0投资的点滴终局思考</a>.</p><p>Twitter: <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out" href="https://twitter.com/jessicaxyshen">@jessicaxyshen</a></p></blockquote><figure float="none" data-type="figure" class="img-center" style="max-width: null;"><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/papyrus_images/ee8079bff077a4114401044ff384b2d1b12a05dd4e6b400372e59152807c8ba7.png" alt="Web2.0 vs Web3.0 Models" blurdataurl="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAP///wAAACwAAAAAAQABAAACAkQBADs=" nextheight="600" nextwidth="800" class="image-node embed"><figcaption HTMLAttributes="[object Object]" class="">Web2.0 vs Web3.0 Models</figcaption></figure><h2 id="h-tldr" class="text-3xl font-header !mt-8 !mb-4 first:!mt-0 first:!mb-0">TL;DR</h2><ul><li><p>Tokenomics ties users and investors together, making them closer and sometimes even mixing them together as an integral.</p></li><li><p>Should venture capitalists choose <strong>User-friendly projects</strong> or <strong>Token-friendly projects</strong>?</p></li><li><p>If it is agreed that DeFi Summer benefits from the money-printing in crypto world during the bull market, then NFT-Fi for sure <strong>CAN</strong> take place, albeit that the liquidity producer (projects that print money/ issue tokens) and a solid ecosystem (users who spend money/utilize tokens) are prerequisites.</p></li></ul><hr><p>There have always been many debates about <strong>Curve</strong> and <strong>Uniswap</strong>, from different angles and mixed views. I abstracted the competitive relationship, looked back through some past Web3.0 cases I analyzed at work, and generated some thoughts around Web3.0 investments.</p><p><strong>Question: If all venture capitalists were given a chance, would they invest in Curve or Uniswap?</strong></p><p><strong>A follow-up question: Is the choice now the same as the choice after X years?</strong></p><p>When I was thinking about my answer, I took the two different models of Curve and Uniswap, and compared them to traditional web2.0 business models.</p><ul><li><p><strong>Web2.0</strong>: <strong>Users create value for companies/platforms, and companies/platforms create value for investors.</strong> Therefore, the company’s mission is simply to cater to its users, and a legit business model is sufficient for them to survive, and investors can benefit from the success of the company in the end.</p></li><li><p><strong>Web3.0</strong>: Web3.0 breaks the traditional business model and how the value is normally captured in the flywheel. A significant difference from Web2.0 is that the <strong>tokenomics ties users and investors together, making them closer and sometimes even mixing them together as an integral.</strong></p></li></ul><figure float="none" data-type="figure" class="img-center" style="max-width: null;"><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/papyrus_images/ee8079bff077a4114401044ff384b2d1b12a05dd4e6b400372e59152807c8ba7.png" alt="Web2.0 vs Web3.0 Models (same as above)" blurdataurl="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAP///wAAACwAAAAAAQABAAACAkQBADs=" nextheight="600" nextwidth="800" class="image-node embed"><figcaption HTMLAttributes="[object Object]" class="">Web2.0 vs Web3.0 Models (same as above)</figcaption></figure><h2 id="h-web-20-vs-web-30" class="text-3xl font-header !mt-8 !mb-4 first:!mt-0 first:!mb-0">Web 2.0 vs Web 3.0</h2><p><strong>Participants in many web3 projects often play the role of both users and investors, thanks to tokenomics</strong>. Private sale investors only provide financial support for project to jump start, but after the product launched, the influence of private sale investors is immensively undermined (even less than traditional Web2.0 investors, because of the often absent regulation and loose legal restriction. Equity investment is another story.) It is common that Web3.0 investors highly depend on their trust in <strong>the self-discipline</strong> of the project and the <strong>tokenomics</strong> <strong>model</strong>, which corresponds to the <strong>legal relationship</strong> and <strong>&quot;business model + exit strategy&quot;</strong> in Web2.0 context.</p><p>Based on a good tokenomis model, tokens are capable of value capture after the product launch. The value of <strong>&quot;User-Product/Platform-Token/Investor&quot;</strong> or <strong>&quot;User-Token/Investor&quot;</strong> is in a virtuous cycle. <strong>Like the Web2.0 world, &quot;user&quot; is the fundamental value driver in the entire value creation process.</strong> When the flywheel is running in a positive direction, more users will lead to a higher demand due to the design of the tokenomics, and thus the token price will continue to rise. Meanwhile, investors, also users, will also benefit from this, and some project parties will also take a cut from it, leading to a happy ending for all parties in the flywheel. (This is also the beginning of the often-said Ponzi Scheme, as well as the start of the economic cycle in the real financial world. Consumption and investment drive the economy, causing currency prices to rise.)</p><h2 id="h-web-30-web-30" class="text-3xl font-header !mt-8 !mb-4 first:!mt-0 first:!mb-0">Web 3.0? Web 3.0!</h2><p><strong>But when users have a choice, they will naturally withdraw less value creation to the product/platform and retain more of their own interests.</strong> Namely, the key value creator stands at the opposite of the product/platforms, a key notion that should be well acknowledge among all Web3.0 startup teams at the design of tokenomics. Sometimes, a lack of platform value capture capability seems inevitable for a product to succeed in Web3.0 space.</p><p>We have been talking about the Web3.0 utopia (Web3.0 model on the far right of the picture above), where the value capture and retention of platforms are often omitted or downplayed (such as Uniswap). <strong>We believe that the open-source code and smart contracts should run on their own, without extracting a penny from users, and the value flow directly between users and tokens investors, while platforms no longer retain value, which is the essence of web3.0 — a paradigm shift where value returns to users rather than being captured by platforms.</strong> This model reduces the friction and loss of value transfer and improves efficiency, just as Uniswap provides a place where the platform no longer captures value in comparison to Curve. For users, a lower cost provides enough reasons to choose Uniswap for token swapping. What is even better is that the value that could have been captured by platforms is fed back to users (also investors because in the case of Uniswap, V3 LP users are investors).</p><p><strong>So, if a flywheel is only maintained by a tokenomics model (Voting Escrow is one of them), Web3.0 products without tokenomics that help platforms capture value can better serve users and usher in the real Web3.0.</strong> (Web3.0 model on the far right of the picture above)</p><p><strong>This leaves a question for all VC investors: Should you choose User-friendly products or Token-friendly products?</strong></p><p><strong>The perfect answer: Be the user of the former and the investor of the latter, if there is no conflict.</strong></p><p>But if everyone in the market does the same, eventually the latter will fail. (But we also all know that the world doesn’t work that way. If it were, there wouldn’t be such a stupid question, and no such debates about Curve and Uniswap.)</p><p>At present, it seems that the strategies that some VC investors take:</p><ol><li><p><strong>Token-friendly Project</strong>: Market-making to sell tokens at ATH at the risk of notoriety and a reduced margin during the bear market;</p></li><li><p><strong>User-friendly Projects:</strong> Time will tell. It could be the next OpenAI or another failed project.</p></li></ol><p>I once asked an admirable investor a question: If a Web3.0 project is fundamentally good, but weak at the token value capture capability, how would he make the decision? His replied without hesitation that, <strong>if it were indeed a project with good prospects, he would not worry about not being able to find a way to empower tokens in the future.</strong> His words inspired me at the moment and answered that question overhanging in my mind for long. I bear his words in mind from then on when I look at Web3.0 projects. Having said that, both of the above two strategies can help VCs make money, depending on what type of investments they want to make.</p><blockquote><p><strong>A short analysis of Curve and Uniswap:</strong></p><p><strong>Curve</strong>: Curve&apos;s DEX business logic and VE token economic model logic is smooth, and the token value capture ability is good. However, in terms of blood transfusion users, Curve users have to pay more fees in many cases, and the token value capture ability The strongest loss is the loss of users to competitors with lower prices. The flywheel can still turn but slower, especially when there are other strong competitors of Uniswap.</p><p><strong>Uniswap</strong>: Uniswap&apos;s DEX business logic is smooth, but the ability to capture token value is weak, and the value is directly fed back to V3 LP. But the advantage is that users are basically in a state of self-hematopoiesis. Swap users create blood for V3 LP, and users empower themselves with the help of products. The loss of user value in the whole process is very small. <strong>Since swap fees are directly distributed to V3 LP, V3 LP users can be understood as investors of Uniswap.</strong> In this model, the relationship between users and investors can be instantaneously exchanged and exist at the same time. As for the FUD sentiment caused by the fact that LP income cannot cover free losses during the recent bear market, there may not be so much in the bull market, and everyone will happily use the cheap Swap method and choose to be happy in the rising market. do LP.</p><p><strong>One of the few things shared by the two great projects is that, users stand at the core of the business, as a key driver in the value creation process.</strong> When the bull market comes, I believe that many people will still use Uniswap to swap tokens and provide liquidity to become LPs, but Curve will continue to exist just as well, because it has sharp advantages on cost saving for stablecoin swapping, and the Voting Escrow model will also continue to receive support from multiple project parties that call for liquidty.</p></blockquote><h2 id="h-when-nft-fi-summer" class="text-3xl font-header !mt-8 !mb-4 first:!mt-0 first:!mb-0">When NFT-Fi Summer?</h2><p><strong>This reminds me that when DeFi Summer came, it was essentially because of token rewards created by DeFi projects, namely money-printing.</strong> The macroeconomic environment in the real world was in a short-time bull run at the moment after the Federal Reserve <s>printed money</s> provided much liquidty in the real world. After the epidemic, the TradFi funds eager to make up for the loss in the traditional financial markets eventually found an outlet in DeFi, and thus leading to the DeFi Summer. In essence, a large number of project parties have once again &quot;printed money&quot; through token issuance, providing huge amount of credit and increasing leverage in the market, pushing forward the vibrant DeFi Summer.</p><p><strong>If it is agreed that DeFi Summer benefits from the money-printing in crypto world during the bull market, then NFT-Fi for sure can take place, albeit that the liquidity producer (projects that print money/ issue tokens) and a solid ecosystem (users who spend money/utilize tokens) are prerequisites.</strong> It is necessary for an NFT project party to issue NFT or FT to amplify the value of TradFi funds and stablecoins through token issuance, and users who join th party to support the demand side are also necessary.</p><p><strong>Of course, there is a lot of differences between NFT-Fi and DeFi innately:</strong></p><ol><li><p><strong>The liquidity</strong>;</p></li><li><p><strong>The volume of circulation</strong>;</p></li><li><p><strong>The consensus creation and enhancement process.</strong> For example, the experience of staking UNI to Compound to acrue interest and COMP token rewards is quite different from that of staking BAYC to BendDAO to accrue interest and BEND token rewards. Notably, the experience of NFT is multi-dimensional, where time, emotion, content and money is all involved. It takes more time but also accumulated much more loyalty among users and token holders;</p></li><li><p><strong>Macro Environment</strong>. DeFi was born in a bull market vs NFT-Fi likeyly to grow up in a bear market;</p></li><li><p><strong>First come, first served.</strong> DeFi introduced many concepts and tokenomics to crypto users which lowers their learning costs during the NFT-Fi Summer. However, whether users retain that same curiosity and excitement when they were first introduced the concept of DeFi and related ones remain to be seen. In the crypto world where users always look for something more novel and more exciting, if NFT-Fi still plays the old tricks of DeFi, then I will be disappointed with this industry. But I believe, it won&apos;t. <strong>In crypto we trust.</strong></p></li></ol>]]></content:encoded>
            <author>jessicashen@newsletter.paragraph.com (jessicashen.eth)</author>
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            <title><![CDATA[Web3.0投资的点滴终局思考]]></title>
            <link>https://paragraph.com/@jessicashen/web3-0</link>
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            <pubDate>Sun, 08 Jan 2023 19:36:19 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[这不是一个完全竞争市场，所以以下讨论大部分都不成立。涉及Web3.0投资的终局思考，和我对投资选择的开放性提问。思路自上而下，从宏观到微观，读者见谅。仅个人观点，有关项目讨论不作为投资建议。 Web3.0 is not a perfectly competitive market, so most of the discussion does not hold. “Begin with the end in mind” rule applies well to Web3.0 investments, too. This article entails my thoughts on the Endgame of Web3.0 investments and opens up questions about investing in Web3.0. Please bear with my top-to-bottom, macro-to-micro structure. This is merely personal opinions so DYOR. The project disc...]]></description>
            <content:encoded><![CDATA[<blockquote><p>这不是一个完全竞争市场，所以以下讨论大部分<strong>都不成立</strong>。涉及<strong>Web3.0投资的终局思考</strong>，和我对投资选择的开放性提问。思路自上而下，从宏观到微观，读者见谅。仅个人观点，有关项目讨论不作为投资建议。</p><p>Web3.0 is not a perfectly competitive market, so most of the discussion does <strong>not hold</strong>. “Begin with the end in mind” rule applies well to Web3.0 investments, too. This article entails my thoughts on <strong>the Endgame of Web3.0 investments</strong> and <strong>opens up questions about investing in Web3.0</strong>.</p><p>Please bear with my top-to-bottom, macro-to-micro structure. This is merely personal opinions so DYOR. The project discussion is not meant to be investment advice.</p><p>For the English version, please go to <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out" href="https://mirror.xyz/jessicashen.eth/s3-4jydQZxpPxEHmWy2tvECElLFYT7CGup42ZO8_wQQ">&quot;Endgame&quot; of Web3.0 Investments</a>.</p><p>Twitter: <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out" href="https://twitter.com/jessicaxyshen">@jessicaxyshen</a></p></blockquote><figure float="none" data-type="figure" class="img-center" style="max-width: null;"><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/papyrus_images/ee8079bff077a4114401044ff384b2d1b12a05dd4e6b400372e59152807c8ba7.png" alt="Web2.0 vs Web3.0 Models" blurdataurl="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAP///wAAACwAAAAAAQABAAACAkQBADs=" nextheight="600" nextwidth="800" class="image-node embed"><figcaption HTMLAttributes="[object Object]" class="">Web2.0 vs Web3.0 Models</figcaption></figure><h2 id="h-tldr" class="text-3xl font-header !mt-8 !mb-4 first:!mt-0 first:!mb-0">TL;DR</h2><ul><li><p>Web3.0的代币经济学模型把用户和投资人的角色拉近了，甚至有时候变成了同一个角色</p></li><li><p>Venture Capitalists到底选择User-friendly的项目还是选择Token-friendly的项目？</p></li><li><p>如果认同DeFi Summer得益于牛市下印钞机模式，那么NFT-Fi也是确定无疑的，先决条件是印钞机（印钱的人）和经济体（花钱的人）</p></li><li><p>Tokenomics of Web3.0 pulls close the roles of users and investors, and sometimes even makes both the same</p></li><li><p>Should venture capitalists choose <strong>User-friendly projects</strong> or <strong>Token-friendly projects</strong>?</p></li><li><p>If it is agreed that DeFi Summer benefits from the money-printing in crypto world during the bull market, then NFT-Fi for sure <strong>CAN</strong> take place, albeit that the liquidity producer (projects that print money/ issue tokens) and a solid ecosystem (where users spend money/utilize tokens) are prerequisites.</p></li></ul><hr><h2 id="h-" class="text-3xl font-header !mt-8 !mb-4 first:!mt-0 first:!mb-0">正文</h2><p>一直以来都有比较多关于Curve和Uniswap的争论，角度各异，褒贬不一。我将微观事件抽象化，结合看web3项目的一些体会，产生了一些思考。如有雷同，实属巧合。</p><p><strong>提问：如果给所有VC一个机会，他们会投资Curve还是Uniswap？</strong></p><p><strong>再提问：现在的选择和N年后的选择一样吗？</strong></p><p>在回答这个问题的时候，我抽象化地思考了Curve和Uniswap两种不同的项目模型，类比到web2的商业模式。</p><ul><li><p><strong>Web2.0：用户为公司/平台创造价值，公司/平台为投资人创造价值。</strong> 所以公司要做的就是运营好自己的产品，服务好用户，盈利模式（Business Model）合理得当即能够生存，投资人也就可以从中获利。</p></li><li><p><strong>Web3.0</strong>：Web3.0打破了原来的模式和规则，与Web2.0很大的一各区别在于，<strong>Web3中的代币经济学模型（Tokenomics）把用户（User）和投资人（Investor）的角色拉近了，甚至有时候变成了同一个角色。</strong></p></li></ul><figure float="none" data-type="figure" class="img-center" style="max-width: null;"><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/papyrus_images/ee8079bff077a4114401044ff384b2d1b12a05dd4e6b400372e59152807c8ba7.png" alt="Web2.0 vs Web3.0 Models（同上）" blurdataurl="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAP///wAAACwAAAAAAQABAAACAkQBADs=" nextheight="600" nextwidth="800" class="image-node embed"><figcaption HTMLAttributes="[object Object]" class="">Web2.0 vs Web3.0 Models（同上）</figcaption></figure><h3 id="h-web-20-vs-web-30" class="text-2xl font-header !mt-6 !mb-4 first:!mt-0 first:!mb-0">Web 2.0 vs Web 3.0</h3><p><strong>许多web3项目的参与者既是用户也是投资人，其纽带是代币经济模型</strong>，私募投资人仅提供项目启动的资金支持，在产品启动后，私募投资人的影响力几乎为零（比传统Web2.0投资的影响力更小，因为法律绑定更为松散和缺乏约束力，股权投资另说）。可以说，Web3.0项目投资人依靠着对项目方自律精神和<strong>代币经济模型</strong>的信任进行投资，对应着web2投资里的法律关系和 <strong>“盈利模型+退出机制”</strong> 。</p><p>基于一个良好的代币经济模型，代币有较好的价值捕获能力，产品启动后。<strong>“用户-产品/平台-代币/投资人”或“用户-代币/投资人”的价值正向流转，与Web2.0世界一样的是，“用户”是为整个价值创造输血的动力来源。</strong> 飞轮正向运转的情况下，当更多用户使用DApp/Web3协议，代币因为经济模型设计产生更多需求，价格不断上升，这时同是用户的投资人也因此获益，部分项目方也能从飞轮模型中分得部分收益，各方皆大欢喜。（而这也是常说的旁氏模型的开端，也是现实金融世界中经济体周期的开端，消费投资拉动经济运转，货币价格上升。）</p><h3 id="h-web-30-web-30" class="text-2xl font-header !mt-6 !mb-4 first:!mt-0 first:!mb-0">Web 3.0 ? Web 3.0 !</h3><p><strong>但当用户有选择的时候，自然地会希望更少地给产品流转价值、更多地留存自己的利益，这是站在项目方和产品的对立面的，是产品要提前认知到和（可能）需要舍弃的。</strong></p><p>我们一直所说的Web3.0乌托邦里（图最右Web3.0 !），产品的价值捕获和留存是被省去或者淡化的（比如Uniswap）。<strong>我们希望开源的代码和智能合约自行运转，不榨取用户一分一毫，价值在“用户”和“代币/投资人”之间流转即可（因为往往二者再Tokenomics下是一体的），项目/平台不再留存价值，这是web3世界推崇的核心和本质——让价值回归到用户和个体。</strong> 这么做降低了价值流转的摩擦和损耗，提高了效率，就像Uniswap相对于Curve提供了一个平台不再捕获价值的地方，对于用户而言，部分情况下更低的成本提供了足够的理由选择Uniswap，所有平台捕获的价值反哺给用户（也即投资人），因为在Uniswap的案例里，V3的LP用户是投资人。</p><p><strong>那么，当维系飞轮的是仅一个代币经济模型（Voting Escrow是其中之一），脱离了模型的web3产品就可以更好的服务用户，使用户实现真正的Web3.0</strong> （图最右Web3.0 !）<strong>。</strong></p><p><strong>这给VC投资人留了一个问题：到底选择User-friendly的产品还是选择Token-friendly的产品？</strong></p><p><strong>标准答案：做前者的用户，做后者的投资人，如果不冲突。</strong></p><p>但如果市场所有人都这么做，最终后者会死掉。（但是我们也都知道世界不是这么运转的，如果是的话也不会有这么愚蠢的问题，也不会有人为Curve和Uniswap争论不休。）</p><p>目前看来，部分VC投资人的战略是：</p><ol><li><p><strong>Token-friendly的项目</strong> ：做市拉盘割韭菜。但需要承担声名狼藉和熊市可行性的风险；</p></li><li><p><strong>User-friendly的项目</strong> ：等待时间给出答案，可能会像OpenAI一样，也可能会失败。</p></li></ol><p>我曾经问过一位很欣赏的投资人一个问题：如果项目很好，但是代币价值捕获能力差，他会怎么选择？他不假思索给我的回复是，<strong>如果确实是好项目，不会担心以后找不到代币赋能的方式。</strong> 一句话点醒了当时迷茫的我，之后我也在看项目的过程中不断验证和思考。其实上面两种方案都可以赚钱，看投资人想赚哪种钱了。</p><blockquote><p><strong>Curve和Uniswap简单的分析：</strong></p><p><strong>Curve</strong>：Curve的DEX商业逻辑和VE代币经济模型逻辑通顺，代币价值捕获能力好，但是在输血的用户端方面，Curve的用户在很多情况下要支付更多手续费，代币价值捕获能力强的损失是用户流失给价格更低的竞争对手，飞轮依旧可以转但是慢一些，尤其是在有Uniswap其他强劲对手的情况下。</p><p><strong>Uniswap</strong>：Uniswap的DEX商业逻辑通顺，但代币价值捕获能力较弱，价值直接反哺给V3 LP。但好处是用户基本上处于自我造血的状态，Swap用户给V3 LP造血，用户借助产品给自己赋能，整个过程用户价值损耗极少。因为Swap手续费直接分给V3 LP，所以可以<strong>把V3 LP用户理解为Uniswap的投资人，在这个模型里用户和投资人的关系可以瞬时互换、同时存在。</strong> 至于最近熊市期间，LP收入不能覆盖无偿损失而产生的FUD情绪，到牛市来的时候可能就没那么多了，大家还是会开开心心使用便宜的Swap方式和选择在不断上涨的行情中开心地做LP。</p><p><strong>两者地共性在于，核心都是用户、还是用户。</strong> 如果牛市来了，我相信还是会有很多人使用Uniswap兑换和做LP，但是Curve也还会继续存在，因为其对于稳定币兑换优势非常明显，对于项目方而言也会力挺Curve模式。</p></blockquote><h3 id="h-when-nft-fi-summer" class="text-2xl font-header !mt-6 !mb-4 first:!mt-0 first:!mb-0">When NFT-Fi Summer?</h3><p>这又让我想到DeFi Summer到来的时候，本质上是因为DeFi项目代币补贴，配合当时的牛市行情，美联储在现实世界中印钱，疫情后饥渴万分的TradFi资金也找到了出口，带起了DeFi Summer。实质上，大量的项目方通过代币发行再一次地”印钞“，释放了信用，增加了杠杆，才让我们看到了生机勃勃的DeFi Summer。</p><p><strong>如果承认DeFi Summer是印钞机模式地成功案例，那么NFT-Fi Summer也是确定无疑，前提是有印钞机（印钱的人）和经济体（花钱的人）。</strong> 需要有NFT项目方发行NFT或者FT，把TradFi资金、稳定币通过代币发行放大价值，也需要有来买单的用户。</p><p>当然NFT-Fi和DeFi不同之处在于：<strong>（1）NFT和FT流动性</strong> 不一样；<strong>（2）发行量体量</strong> 相差较大；<strong>（3）共识制造和建立模式</strong> 差异巨大，举个简单的例子，抵押UNI到Compound获得利息和COMP代币奖励的感受 vs 抵押BAYC到BendDAO获得利息和BEND代币奖励的感受差异是非常大的，用户画像也极为不一样，<strong>NFT的体验感是很厚重的</strong> ，需要时间沉淀，但也是粘性很大的，买过小图片的都懂；<strong>（4）市场环境境遇</strong> ，牛市出生vs熊市出生；<strong>（5）先来后到</strong> ，DeFi先把代币补贴的概念给了crypto用户，为之后的NFT-Fi学习降低了门槛，但也降低了新鲜感。而从历史经验看，抄了一遍又一遍的叙事又有多少呢？在这个追求更高新鲜感和刺激感的世界，NFT-Fi如果还是玩DeFi的老花样，那我会对这个行业失望。<strong>但我相信，它不会的。</strong></p>]]></content:encoded>
            <author>jessicashen@newsletter.paragraph.com (jessicashen.eth)</author>
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            <title><![CDATA[Abacus V1白皮书解读——Liquid-backed NFT Valuation System基于流动性的NFT估值系统]]></title>
            <link>https://paragraph.com/@jessicashen/abacus-v1-liquid-backed-nft-valuation-system-nft</link>
            <guid>3KU3CF5l24kQDESROr6E</guid>
            <pubDate>Sun, 24 Jul 2022 15:25:51 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[背景介绍2022年7月22日，Abacus在推特上公开披露了其V1产品的白皮书，对其NFT估值体系进行了详细的描述说明。白皮书中指出，Abacus采用基于NFT流动性的一套估值方法，验证者（主要为参与的交易者）会保持诚实（承担好NFT估值的责任），因为一旦一个池子（Pool）关闭，池子的流动性全部会给NFT所有者（NFT Owner），池子中的NFT会立刻启动拍卖（Auction），拍卖所得收益（Proceeds）归属到池子中，清算方式按照先进先出法（FIFO）顺序依次清算不同风险档次（Tranches）的资金。由于这种立即关闭池子（ Closure）的机制，Abacus假设这种基于Optimistic Roll-ups的估值方式是准确的。 Abacus的这套去中心化的、基于流动性的NFT估值方案旨在为当前NFT市场提供一个有效的估值方案，解决NFT市场中低贷款价值 (LTV)、低效清算门槛、高借贷利率的痛点，以帮助市场释放更多NFT借贷潜力。Abacus通过结合Optimistic Roll-up和PoS逻辑，建立长期定价协调的解决方案。 以下为作者对白皮书的信息整合，对Aba...]]></description>
            <content:encoded><![CDATA[<h2 id="h-" class="text-3xl font-header !mt-8 !mb-4 first:!mt-0 first:!mb-0">背景介绍</h2><p>2022年7月22日，Abacus在<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out" href="https://twitter.com/abacus_wtf/status/1550231775351394305">推特上公开披露</a>了其V1产品的白皮书，对其NFT估值体系进行了详细的描述说明。<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow ugc" class="dont-break-out" href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/1r9iUrupRXg1_af1uth8kOnccKAC1md-L-ggAQjid3Eo/edit#">白皮书</a>中指出，Abacus采用基于NFT流动性的一套估值方法，验证者（主要为参与的交易者）会保持诚实（承担好NFT估值的责任），因为一旦一个池子（Pool）关闭，池子的流动性全部会给NFT所有者（NFT Owner），池子中的NFT会立刻启动拍卖（Auction），拍卖所得收益（Proceeds）归属到池子中，清算方式按照先进先出法（FIFO）顺序依次清算不同风险档次（Tranches）的资金。由于这种立即关闭池子（ Closure）的机制，Abacus假设这种基于Optimistic Roll-ups的估值方式是准确的。</p><p>Abacus的这套<strong>去中心化的、基于流动性的NFT估值方案</strong>旨在为当前NFT市场提供一个有效的估值方案，解决NFT市场中<strong>低贷款价值 (LTV)、低效清算门槛、高借贷利率</strong>的痛点，以帮助市场释放更多NFT借贷潜力。Abacus通过结合Optimistic Roll-up和PoS逻辑，建立长期定价协调的解决方案。</p><p>以下为作者对白皮书的信息整合，对Abacus这套NFT估值体系进行说明。主要结构为：</p><p>1、重要Glossary*（仅选取部分重要的词条）*</p><p>2、NFT评估机制及模型（附图）</p><p>3、$ABC代币经济学</p><p>4、全部Glossary</p><hr><h2 id="h-" class="text-3xl font-header !mt-8 !mb-4 first:!mt-0 first:!mb-0">正文部分</h2><h3 id="h-1glossary" class="text-2xl font-header !mt-6 !mb-4 first:!mt-0 first:!mb-0">1、重要Glossary</h3><ul><li><p><strong>交易者（Traders）</strong>：交易者在不同的估值档次（Valuation Tranches）中质押资金（可见后文图1），扮演验证者（Validators）角色。</p></li><li><p><strong>流动性档次（Tranche）</strong>：每个池子的 Tranche 大小决定了每个 Tranche 可以添加的流动性数量，单个NFT池的单位Tranche大小是 1000 个 0.001 ETH 的卡槽（Slot），这意味着一个NFT的在单位流动性档次（如0-1 ETH档次，或1-2 ETH档次）的容量是1 ETH。</p></li><li><p><strong>池子（Pools）/ 现货池（Spot Pools）</strong>：任何人都可以创建一个NFT池子，没有金额限制、NFT项目限制，可以是几个NFT项目的组合。在创建池子的时候，需要设定两个参数，池子中的NFT以及抵押物卡槽（Collateral Slots）。</p></li><li><p><strong>抵押卡槽（Collateral Slots）</strong>：抵押物卡槽数#决定了该池子中#个NFT可以被关闭（NFT持有者启动对<strong>NFT的关闭</strong>以索取池中流动性，随即该NFT开始拍卖）。</p></li><li><p><strong>NFT关闭（NFT Closure）</strong>：NFT持有者可以启动对其持有的NFT关闭，让渡NFT所有权，获得池中的流动性（Liquid Claim）。在NFT关闭后，该NFT立即启动48小时的拍卖（Auction）。</p></li><li><p><strong>锁定期（Time Lock）</strong>：交易者向池子提供的流动性有一个锁定期，最短3天，最长9周。</p></li><li><p><strong>Epoch</strong>：一个Epoch为4周时间，一个重要的周期维度。</p></li><li><p><strong>EDC（Epoch Distribution Credits）</strong>：现货池交易者会因为正确估值而获得EDC奖励，需要在解锁头寸时，按照一定基数百分比（Base Percentage）购买EDC，够得EDC奖励的交易者可以在Epoch结束时，按照其持有的EDC比例获得$ABC代币释放。</p></li></ul><h3 id="h-2nft" class="text-2xl font-header !mt-6 !mb-4 first:!mt-0 first:!mb-0">2、NFT评估机制及模型（附图）</h3><p>为阅读方便，Abacus的估值机制主要有以下流程：</p><ol><li><p><strong>创建现货池（Spot Pools），纳入NFTs</strong></p></li><li><p><strong>交易者向池中提供流动性，参与价值评估活动</strong></p></li><li><p><strong>交易者流动性进入锁定期（3天-9周），解锁后可以进行流动性头寸的交易，购买EDC（为以后兑换$ABC）</strong></p></li><li><p><strong>NFT持有者关闭池中NFT，获取池中流动性</strong></p></li><li><p><strong>NFT进入拍卖清算环节</strong></p></li><li><p><strong>池子重置抵押物卡槽（其他NFT持有者可以进行关闭NFT的动作）</strong></p></li></ol><p>整个流程如下图所示：</p><figure float="none" data-type="figure" class="img-center" style="max-width: null;"><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/papyrus_images/4361ddb9ef884bef07cd6e2287a7e9c5693b4969eae56855df8abdca3b2ebb4a.png" alt="Abacus V1 Model Illustration 估值模型" blurdataurl="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAP///wAAACwAAAAAAQABAAACAkQBADs=" nextheight="600" nextwidth="800" class="image-node embed"><figcaption HTMLAttributes="[object Object]" class="">Abacus V1 Model Illustration 估值模型</figcaption></figure><p>以下对流程细节进行展开描述：</p><ul><li><p><strong>创建现货池（Spot Pools），纳入NFTs</strong>：创建者创建新的池子的时候设定：A. 现货池中的NFT项目，以及 B. 抵押卡槽允许数量（Collateral Slots Allowed），即允许NFT被关闭的数量（存在不是所有在池中的NFT都能被关闭的可能）。如下图中上半所示：</p></li></ul><p><strong><em>注意</em></strong>*：对于ETH是否应该在Spot Pool中这一点，图形表达的意思并不一定准确，但是概念是有NFT持有者向池中提供抵押物，交易者提供流动性。*</p><figure float="none" data-type="figure" class="img-center" style="max-width: null;"><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/papyrus_images/079555fdb71595dd6f94e7b01ea5aeed41d74e3fdf535c64cb5a1933988a153b.png" alt="Abacus Spot Pool Example  现货池举例" blurdataurl="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAP///wAAACwAAAAAAQABAAACAkQBADs=" nextheight="600" nextwidth="800" class="image-node embed"><figcaption HTMLAttributes="[object Object]" class="">Abacus Spot Pool Example 现货池举例</figcaption></figure><ul><li><p><strong>交易者向池中提供流动性，参与价值评估活动</strong>：交易者通过为不同的估值档次（Tranche Ranges）中提供流动性来表达对NFT的价值评估。交易者会因为对NFT正确的估值而获得<strong>EDC（Epoch Distribution Credits）奖励</strong>，该奖励可以在Epoch结束时转化为$ABC代币。</p></li><li><p><strong>比如</strong>，Jessica在0-1 ETH的估值档次中提供了流动性，表明Jessica认为该NFT的估值不会低于1 ETH，因为在该现货池被关闭（close）的时候，NFT会进行拍卖，Jessica认为拍卖清算的价格不会低于1 ETH，否则她将遭受损失，反之若NFT拍卖价格高于1 ETH，则正确评估出售价值的交易者有资格获得一部分出售溢价。</p><blockquote><p><strong>关于EDC奖励：</strong></p><ul><li><p><strong>EDC奖励的决定</strong>：<strong>池内EDC排放量主要由NFT创建者决定</strong>，在一个Epoch中，至少有一个已与池子签署生命证明（Proof of Life）交易NFT的有EDC排放开启，即意味着NFT池创建者需要对池中至少一个NFT安排EDC排放量。如果有排放量的NFT从池中移除并且没有其他NFT有EDC排放量，则该时期的排放量将被关闭。意味着，<strong>在Epoch内开启EDC排放的NFT越多，EDC排放持续存在的可能性就越大。</strong></p></li><li><p><strong>EDC奖励上限</strong>：每个池子在每个Epoch对于每个给池子签名了的NFT（签名了的NFT才有EDC奖励分配给交易者/流动性提供者）的EDC奖励有上限，分以下2种情况：（1）如果池中流动性大于等于100 ETH，则EDC初始上限为100；（2）如果池中流动性小于100 ETH为N ETH，则EDC初始上上限为N。然后，若NFT持有人将<strong>Reservation从池子中拿出，则该池子被认定为热池/火池（Hot Pool），每个NFT的EDC奖励会加倍</strong>。EDC计算方式在白皮书中具体描述，此处省略。</p></li><li><p>**EDC奖励调整：**为平衡不同头寸之间的风险，协议根据不同交易者的头寸比例调整其获得的EDC奖励，调整后的单位TrancheEDC奖励为正常奖励的125%，最小为75%。（因为更高Tranche的交易者承担了更高的风险，所以进行该调整）。计算方式在白皮书中具体描述，此处省略。</p></li><li><p><strong>EDC奖励与$ABC代币的转化</strong>：交易者的流动性锁定期结束后，交易者可以按基础百分比（Base Percentage，见“全部Glossary”部分）购买EDC，获得的<strong>EDC = base percentage x 提供的流动性</strong>；在Epoch结束时，交易者<strong>按持有的EDC占本期购买EDC总量的比例</strong>获得现货池的$ABC代币释放分配，即交易者可以索取 <strong>$ABC = 交易者购买的EDC量 / EDC购买总量 x $ABC代币释放总量。</strong></p><p><strong>比如</strong>，Jessica将100 ETH 锁定在一个现货池中。在锁定期结束时，锁定100 ETH为她赢得了100 EDC。如果基础百分比为 1%，Jessica可以用 1 ETH 购买100 EDC（1% x 100 ETH = 1 ETH）。如果在那个Epoch中，所有池子中总共购买了 1000 EDC，并且$ABC代币的释放量为20MM，Jessica将能够在Epoch结束时索取2MM $ABC = 100 EDC / 1000 EDC * 20MM $ABC。</p></li></ul></blockquote></li><li><p><strong>交易者流动性进入锁定期（Time Lock）</strong>：交易者开启在池中的头寸后，需将其流动性锁定一定时间。锁定期结束后，交易者赎回流动性，可以购买其获得的EDC奖励。提供了流动性的交易者会获得协议的NFT，该NFT可以在二级市场进行交易。</p></li><li><p><strong>关闭池中NFT</strong>：关闭一个NFT意味着NFT持有人将NFT所有权让渡给流动性池子，该NFT进入拍卖环节（48小时），NFT原持有人可获得池中流动性（Liquid Claim）。</p><blockquote><p><strong>NFT关闭优先权（Reservation）</strong>：由于现货池中的NFT数量与可以关闭的抵押物卡槽数量可能存在不对等（NFT总数&gt;卡槽数量），<strong>存在NFT持有者可能无法获得流动性的情况</strong>。总的来说，关闭NFT遵循“先到先得”的原则，但是有<strong>NFT关闭优先权</strong>（<strong>Reservation</strong>，见“全部Glossary部分”）的NFT持有人可以在一定时间窗口内任一时间进行关闭NFT和取得流动性的动作。</p></blockquote></li><li><p><strong>NFT进入拍卖清算环节：</strong></p><ul><li><p><strong>48小时</strong>：清算从持有人关闭NFT、获得流动性开始后的48小时内进行</p></li><li><p><strong>先进先出原则（FIFO）</strong>：<strong>清算结束后，交易者在现货池的流动性头寸会进行调整，根据先进先出原则，在最低档次（Tranche）0-1 ETH的交易者的头寸最先得到调整（兑付），再对1-2 ETH档次的交易者进行调整（兑付），以此类推。</strong></p></li><li><p><strong>恢复现货池</strong>：在一个NFT进行拍卖清算结束后，现货池中的流动性减少、抵押物卡槽减少、NFT减少，此时可对现货池进行恢复，<strong>恢复后的现货池的抵押物卡槽会还原至原设置值</strong>，但是此时新的NFT关闭时，<strong>单位NFT持有人获得的流动性会降低</strong>。</p><p><strong>比如</strong>，现货池中原有3个Goblintown，2个抵押物卡槽可以关闭NFT，假设该池中有200 ETH流动性，则每个卡槽对应的流动性有100 ETH。当一个NFT被关闭，即一个Goblintown被清算，该Goblintown持有人获得了100 ETH流动性，消耗掉了池子的一个抵押物卡槽，此时该池子中还有100 ETH流动性，2个Goblintown和1个抵押物卡槽。重置该池后，池中还有100 ETH流动性，2个Goblintown，以及2个抵押物卡槽，平均每个抵押物卡槽可以获得流动性为50 ETH。</p></li></ul></li></ul><h3 id="h-3dollarabc" class="text-2xl font-header !mt-6 !mb-4 first:!mt-0 first:!mb-0">3、$ABC代币经济学</h3><p><strong>$ABC将是Abacus的治理代币</strong>，维系整个NFT估值网络。</p><ul><li><p><strong>释放节奏：</strong>$ABC按照每个Epoch释放20MM个的速度无限增加。</p></li><li><p><strong>代币生成场景</strong>：$ABC的释放生成（Mint）主要来源于交易者购买EDC后兑换的$ABC代币奖励。</p></li><li><p><strong>代币使用场景</strong>：主要的3个代币使用场景为<strong>收入分享（EDC奖励兑换$ABC）、控制相关数据仪表（Gauge）以及</strong>治理。</p><ol><li><p><strong>收入分享（Revenue Share）</strong>：由现货池产生的收入缓慢释放给将其投票权分配到仪表控制的$ABC持有者。$ABC代币持有人必须参与Epoch分配事件中才能参与到奖励分配；代币持有人所拥有的$ABC代币占总分配比例决定了其收益分配的比例，如果代币持有人有信用债券（Credit Bond）为未来Epoch共流动性提供承诺，则其收益会得到加倍。</p></li><li><p><strong>仪表控制（Gauge Control）</strong>：该仪表控制决定了池子中NFT项目获得的加倍奖励乘数。比如，分配事件结束后，Goblintown项目获得20%的分配，则所有Goblintown所在的池子都会获得EDC奖励20%加倍（即1.2x）。</p></li><li><p><strong>治理（Governance）</strong>：$ABC代币将成为Abacus的治理代币，参与治理投票时需要$ABC代币。</p></li></ol></li></ul><p>从白皮书看，<strong>Abacus协议的收入来源</strong>主要有4个收入流产生，<strong>以ETH进行支付</strong>。</p><ol><li><p><strong>关闭NFT优先权（Reservation）</strong>：NFT持有者可以购买池中的优先关闭权对关闭权进行预约（Reservation），费用以ETH 支付（0.4% - 2.41% APR）。</p></li><li><p><strong>NFT关闭</strong>：NFT关闭需要1% 的关闭费用（基于关闭者，即NFT原持有者，索要池中的流动性）。</p></li><li><p><strong>EDC购买</strong>：EDC成本取决于基数百分比。</p></li><li><p><strong>评估不当时池中ETH与拍卖价格之差</strong>：在评估不当的情况下（清算价格 &lt; NFT原持有者关闭NFT时索要的流动性），池内剩余资金被清算为协议的收入。</p></li></ol><h3 id="h-4glossary" class="text-2xl font-header !mt-6 !mb-4 first:!mt-0 first:!mb-0">4、全部Glossary</h3><ul><li><p><strong>交易者（Traders）</strong>：交易者在不同的估值档次（Valuation Tranches）中质押资金（可见后文图1），扮演验证者（validators）角色。</p></li><li><p><strong>池子（Pools）/ 现货池（Spot Pools）</strong>：任何人都可以创建一个NFT池子，没有金额限制、NFT项目限制，可以是几个NFT项目的组合。在创建池子的时候，需要设定两个参数，池子中的NFT以及抵押物卡槽（Collateral Slots）。池子的创建者（Creator）在创建时就需决定该池子中估值的NFT项目，在池子被关闭（close）的时候，池子中的任一NFT都可以被关闭/拍卖。*<strong>现货池仅在NFT持有人索取流动性（Liquid Claim）、放弃NFT所有权时对NFT进行托管。</strong></p></li><li><p><strong>抵押卡槽（Collateral Slots）</strong>：抵押物卡槽数#决定了该池子中#个NFT可以被关闭（NFT持有者启动对NFT的关闭以索取池中流动性，随即该NFT开始拍卖）。比如，如果一个池中有100个NFT，有50个可用的抵押槽，那么可以关闭50个NFT。由一个有阶层的结构（Hierarchy Structure）来确定谁有权进行NFT关闭的动作。</p></li><li><p><strong>锁定期（Time Lock）</strong>：交易者向池子提供的流动性有一个锁定期，最短3天，最长9周。交易者向池子提供流动性后，需将其流动性锁定一定时间。锁定期结束后，交易者赎回流动性，可以购买其获得的EDC奖励。提供了流动性的交易者会获得<strong>协议的NFT</strong>，该NFT<strong>可以在二级市场进行交易</strong>。</p></li><li><p><strong>Epoch</strong>：一个Epoch为4周时间，一个重要的周期维度。</p></li><li><p><strong>EDC（Epoch Distribution Credits）</strong>：现货池交易者会因为正确估值而获得EDC奖励，需要在解锁头寸时，按照一定**基数百分比（Base Percentage）**购买EDC（对，不是直接获得EDC奖励，需要按照一定比例购买获得的奖励），够得EDC奖励的交易者可以在Epoch结束时，按照其持有的EDC比例获得$ABC代币释放。</p><p><strong>比如</strong>，Jessica将100 ETH 锁定在一个现货池中。在锁定期结束时，锁定100 ETH为她赢得了100 EDC。如果基础百分比为1%，Jessica可以用 1 ETH 购买100 EDC（1% x 100 ETH = 1 ETH）。如果在那个Epoch中，所有池子中总共购买了 1000 EDC，并且$ABC代币的释放量为20MM，Jessica将能够在Epoch结束时索取2MM $ABC = 100 EDC / 1000 EDC * 20MM $ABC。</p><p><strong>池内EDC排放量</strong>主要由NFT创建者决定，在一个Epoch中，至少有一个已与池子**签署（Sign）**生命证明（Proof of Life）交易NFT的有EDC排放开启，即意味着NFT池创建者需要对池中至少一个NFT安排EDC排放量。如果有排放量的NFT从池中移除并且没有其他NFT有EDC排放量，则该时期的排放量将被关闭。意味着，在Epoch内用于排放的NFT越多，EDC排放持续存在的可能性就越大。</p></li><li><p><strong>信用债券（Credit Bond）</strong>：信用债券是交易者承诺在即将到来的Epoch中为池子提供流动性。作为使用流动性的这种远期保证，协议奖励债券人，提高（加速）其正常的EDC收益率。加速收益率最高是2倍（价值100 ETH的信用债券），若交易者绑定的信用债券少于100 ETH，则其获得的加速奖励乘数 = 1 + Bond金额 / 100 ETH。该乘数还用于增加$ABC代币分配权。</p><p><strong>比如</strong>，正常不绑定信用债券的情况下，Jessica在流动性锁定期结束后，她购买获得 100 EDC。若她在一个Epoch中绑定了 50 ETH 的信用债券，这意味着她拥有EDC分配收益提升，提升倍数 = 1 + 50 ETH / 100 ETH = 1.5，即他会获得 100 EDC x 1.5倍 = 150 EDC 而不是 100 EDC。</p></li><li><p><strong>基数百分比（Base Percentage）与基数（Base）</strong>：<strong>基础百分比</strong>决定了交易者实际购买EDC所支付的成本。该指标会根据**EDC排放量（称为基数）**自动移动。该基数是关键的KPI指标，让协议了解市场参与度（Engagement）以及整体的创收水平（Production Level），<strong>协议据此来调整基础百分比</strong>。如果EDC基数较高，意味着市场需求状态健康，协议会因此调整出一个基础百分比，交易者根据该基础百分比为定价依据，购买其获得的EDC奖励。（交易者可以不完全购买其所获得的全部EDC奖励。）基数与基数百分比的动态调整分为3种情况（白皮书中展示，此处不进行展开）。</p><p><strong>比如</strong>，Jessica向一个池子提供100 ETH 的流动性，基础百分比为 1%，她将需要按照 1 ETH = 100 ETH x 1% 来购买她获得的所有EDC奖励，如果只购买一部分EDC奖励，则按照购买比例支付。</p></li><li><p><strong>贿赂（Bribe）</strong>：贿赂是池子创建者为激励交易者参与流动性提供活动提供的额外奖励。有两种贿赂方式可以增加池子中交易者获得的奖励：</p><ul><li><p><strong>（1）普世贿赂（General）</strong>：在风险调整的基础上，基于单个池子的每个Epoch进行贿赂。比如，Jessica建立了一个池子，希望激励交易者参与提供流动性，则她可以在未来4个Epoch提供1 ETH的一般贿赂，则这1 ETH会在4个Epoch中分配给交易者；</p></li><li><p><strong>（2）集中贿赂（Concentrated）</strong>：基于单个池子的每个Epoch，可以集中性对某个/些Tranche的交易者提供贿赂。比如，Jessica建立了一个池子，希望激励交易者参与提供某一些Tranche的流动性，则她可以在未来4个Epoch提供1 ETH的贿赂，集中性供应给 3-4 ETH、4-5 ETH、5-6 ETH Tranche的交易者，则这1 ETH会在4个Epoch中分配给这些Tranches的流动性提供者。</p></li></ul></li><li><p><strong>为NFT提供签名（Sign）</strong>：池中NFT的持有人需要为NFT提供签名，提供生命证明（Proof of Life）才能使该池子可以在NFT关闭（Closure）后启动清算拍卖。这个签名的动作，并非是NFT持有人让渡所有权给现货池。<strong>现货池仅在流动性被索取，NFT原所有者置换出NFT时，对NFT进行托管。</strong></p></li><li><p><strong>预约制/优先关闭权（Reservation）</strong>：Abacus设置了预约NFT关闭权利的模式，通过一个阶层（Hierarchy）来决定谁可以关闭NFT，这个行为称为Reservation。可以理解为预约了关闭NFT获得流动性的权利或优先关闭权。</p><p><strong>比如</strong>，一个现货池里有3个Goblintown分别属于3个不同的持有者，但只有2个抵押物卡槽可以允许NFT持有者关闭（以索取流动性）。在没有预约的情况下，如果3个人同时想要兑换流动性时，按照“先到先得”的原则，先进行NFT关闭的2个人可以索取池中流动性，剩余1人无法获得流动性；在有预约的情况下，预约了关闭权利的人可以不用按照“先到先得”原则，只要在一定时间窗口内，它都可以进行NFT关闭，不用担心被抢先了机会。</p></li><li><p><strong>流动性档次（Tranche）</strong>：每个池子的 Tranche 大小决定了每个 Tranche 可以添加的流动性数量，单个NFT池的单位Tranche大小是 1000 个 0.001 ETH 的卡槽（Slot），这意味着一个NFT的在单位流动性档次（如0-1 ETH档次，或1-2 ETH档次）的容量是1 ETH，交易者最多提供1 ETH的流动性在单位档次中。若池中有多个NFT，流动性档次Tranche的容量根据抵押卡槽（Collateral Slots）数量增加。</p><p><strong>比如</strong>，单个NFT的池子（1个抵押物卡槽）的单位Tranche最多可以允许交易者在单个Tranche中提供1 ETH的流动性，而多个NFT的池子（有n个抵押物卡槽，数量不与NFT数量对应，由池子创建者设定）可以让交易者最多提供n个ETH的流动性在单位Tranche中。</p></li></ul>]]></content:encoded>
            <author>jessicashen@newsletter.paragraph.com (jessicashen.eth)</author>
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