“The 18 years since the Party’s inception are a very unusual and extraordinary decade of our economic and social development. Over the past 10 years, our economic strength has been marked by a historic leap, with the simultaneous growth of scientific and technological power, with scientific and technological endowments becoming an important sign of high-quality development, and scientific and technological innovation as an important force for modern development.” On 15 May, the new Office of the State held a press conference at the Forum of Middle-Governants in 2023, and the Deputy Minister of Science and Technology, U Kwon, gave a presentation on the evolution of science, technology and innovation in my country.

Chair of the press conference. Photographic sources: Chinese network

It is a matter of concern that the global ranking of our innovative indicators has risen from 34 in 2012 to 11 in 2022 and has successfully entered the ranks of innovative countries. While recalling the historic changes that have taken place in our scientific and technological careers over the past 10 years, the pilgrims have been markedly strengthened in four areas.

• There has been a significant increase in scientific and technological strength and a significant increase in the impact of the global innovation map. In terms of scientific and technological inputs and strength, R&D in our society as a whole, as measured, increased threefold from $1 trillion in 2012 to $3 trillion in 2022; from 1.9 per cent in 2012 to 2.6 per cent last year in terms of intensity of inputs. In terms of the total and quality of scientific personnel, our country has been in the first place in the world for many years from 3.25 million in 2012 to more than 6 million in 2022, and has experienced considerable improvement in the quality of our talent structure over the years. For example, the number of hot spots published by one of the top Chinese scientists represented 40 per cent of the global breakthrough, and the number of articles cited was over 1/4, demonstrating that our country has become a major global force in front-line science, technology and knowledge innovation, not only as a major contributor but also as a catalyst for addressing some of the global common scientific and technological problems.

• - Science and technology innovation underpins the transformation of the leading industry and significantly enhances the capacity for high-quality service development. Technology transactions are an important indicator of the economy of scientific and technological services, with the national value of technology contracts increasing from $600 billion in 2012 to $48 trillion in 2022. This decade has produced a number of major scientific results, such as quantitative information, nuclear power technologies, artificial intelligent technologies. Large-scale data, manual intelligence, and block chains have not only spawned smart mobile phones, smart domestic power industries, sparked new industries such as telemedicine, but also contributed to the upgrading of traditional manufacturing industries.

• - Science and technology serve the well-being of the people and the ability to meet the needs of their people for a better life. On the one hand, science and technology contribute to modern agricultural development. Science and technology is an important safeguard for food security, and the contribution rate in agricultural science and technology has increased from 53 per cent a decade ago to 62 per cent in 2022. Over the past 10 years, our country has achieved significant scientific and technological innovations in the field of agriculture, with tens of thousands of scientific and technological products and agricultural products contributing significantly to the development of niche industries in the field of agriculture and rural revitalization. On the other hand, there has also been a significant increase in the health capacity of the people of science and technology services. Science and technology not only stimulates the development of intellectual health, Internet hospitals have improved the balance of medical resources, and science and technology have also led to the development of new medicines. Over the years, a large number of original cancer-resistant medicines have been marketed in the country, and the five-year survival rate of cancer in China has increased from 30 per cent to 40 per cent now.

• - Science and technology underpins enabling regional development, with a notable increase in innovation-led yields. The Beijing, Shanghai, Port-au-Prince and Port-au-Prince International Centre for Science and Technology (ICK) have seen a significant increase in many indicators over the years, and the Beijing International Centre for Innovation (IPC) has doubled its target of six major urban innovation centres.

• “The four notable enhancements and the accumulation of scientific and technological power provide a good basis for our countries to move towards innovative countries in the next stage.” Going forward, the Ministry of Science and Technology will be fully implementing the twenty-fold spirit of the Party and will continue to insist on “four oriented”, build a national innovation system adapted to the high level of science and technology self-sustaining, further strengthen business as a subject of scientific and technological innovation, and accelerate the process of Chinese-style modernization through the promotion of the nation-building of science and technology.

• Audit: Zhang

This is the result of improved water quality and upgrading of fisheries in Seoul, located in the Western Insight. Local livestock pear has been in existence for decades, with a peak of 110,000 hectares of pear farming throughout the county. “The pear pear is like a heavy fertilizer, so the chickens are the most commonly placed fertilizers in the farming household.” Wang Bo, Minister of Fisheries of the Centre for Livestock and Aquaculture Services in Seoul, introduced the increase in chicken septic chores from past farming households, resulting in a total phosphorous, total nitrogen content in water exceeding dozens of markers.

Sewerage, arsenic, and the deteriorating ecological environment have bittered local resolve. Tens of thousands of communes and village cadres were set up by the Seoul district government to work in the village, and in 2021 all 80,000 acres of pear farming were completely eliminated.

After shifting to fish farming, stacks are fresh-water shrimps, screams, and only 40 per acres of water, such as low-density ecological raising, good-quality and high-priced fish. In 2022, the annual value of salvage was $6 billion, exceeding the peak of the year’s pear industry.

The “Kidney of the Long River” hole is a beauty of “fish migrating”. Not unusual, the ring lake-winning and sun-industry municipalities have also opened the way for the transformation of fish farming, and have accelerated the process of retrieving the lake while ensuring that the population is better equipped.

The “Venet box” is a true piece of the past grazing of the fishing industry in the city of Wye River, in the southern court, where more than 11,000 acres of lake in the lake have been distributed in the form of a water-breeding web box with heavy-breeding, resulting in the long-term subcategory of local water quality.

In recent years, after the full rebuffing of the nets, the city of Jiang has started a “people-breeding” model for fish-bearing and non-fertilization. Past State-owned fish workers also bear the responsibility of “conservators” in the hole while continuing to feed fish.

“The salmons that we make are not only non-manufactured, but also able to depur water quality through the consumption of floating animals and plants.” The winner of the jun Lake fishery in the city of Buiang, whose natural growth was left without artificial feeding, was the “people-to-people” after the fish nurseries were dropped. In this way, fish breeds, good quality, price increases and marketing routes are opened.

Cleaning the lake into more than 40 fishing workers is daily. After respite and tutorial, five lake lakees were transformed from an initial daily salvage from the lake to a long-term stabilization of three types of water quality. What is better, today, not only is there a growing number of citizens who are too punching and danced in the lake, but they are also very well advanced in their development of a night-sighted and far-fighted cruise ship tourism project.

Various measures for the rehabilitation of fish farming have also been introduced in the Sun City of Lake Orientale. As of April of this year, the city of Yukon has not only rehabilitated 19 ponds totalling 1.16 million acres, but also built six green cycle development pilots for fisheries and eight online monitoring sites for breeding. After the transition, the market-wide production and yields of fish farming increased from $48.46 million in 2016 to $393 million in 2022, respectively, to $564 million and $25 billion.

A 60-year-old miracles began a green transition last year. In the past, 5,600 acres of high-density, high-fertilized ponds of ponds have been emitted each year to ponds and holocausts with more than 22 million cubic metres, causing serious pollution.

“The tailings of fish emissions have reached the second surface water quality of the surface by creating a single treatment system for sediment filtering, exposure and biopurification”. Liv introduced by the Governor of the Cover Fisheries Field, which reduced the incidence of fish due to water variability.

The aquaculture sector also regularly organizes farming practitioners to participate in training in green farming. In Rutiv, they are currently working with scientific teams from the University of Southern lake and the University of Southern Agricultural Studies to develop a variety of environmentally friendly farming models, such as planting cycling fish and runway fish.

Shaanxi Provincial Emergency Management Department suggested that it is necessary to strengthen information exchange and consultation, study and judge, timely and accurate early warning, take various means and forms to expand the scope of early warning information release, make various emergency preparations for wind and dust prevention, and reduce the adverse impact of strong wind, sand blowing or floating dust weather on forest and grassland fire prevention and safety production. Urge the relevant production and business operation units to strengthen the safety prevention of dangerous operations such as high-altitude and outdoor operations, and resolutely stop the work if it should be stopped; Airports, railways, highways and other units shall take protective measures for traffic safety. The 24-hour on duty and emergency information reporting system shall be strictly implemented by specially assigned personnel. In case of emergencies and important emergencies, handle them quickly and properly in accordance with relevant regulations and emergency plans, and report them at the first time.

This honor belongs to the Russian city of Yakutsk. Yakutsk is located in Siberia, the coldest and most sparsely populated region in the world, with a population of about 336200. Many of them work for the Russian arlosa gem company, which operates a diamond mine in the city.

The temperature in Yakutsk has reached minus 76 degrees Fahrenheit. According to the BBC, some residents insisted that they had experienced much colder days, but they could not confirm it because “the thermometer can only read minus 63 degrees Celsius at most”.

However, although Yakutsk is the coldest city, there are some permanent settlements with a smaller population that are colder than it. Oimiyakan, home to about 500 Russians, experienced a low temperature of minus 96.2 degrees Fahrenheit (about minus 71.2 degrees Celsius) in 1924.

However, to some surprise, Yakutsk and oimiyakon are not close. They are 577 miles apart and take about 21 hours by car.

So why are these two places so cold? Why do people continue to live in such a cold place?

Alex de Karia, a professor of meteorology at milesville University, said that Siberia is so cold because “it has both high latitude and vast territory”.

Global temperature extremes - high or low - tend to occur on continents because land warms and cools faster than the oceans. In the case of Siberia, snow and ice cover also plays a role because they maintain the region’s low temperature by reflecting solar radiation back into space.

The combined action of these factors produced a large semi permanent high pressure area over Siberia in winter, the so-called “Siberian high pressure”.

“It is well known that high pressure over high latitude continents will bring stable air, low humidity and clear skies, which leads to extremely low surface temperatures,” de Karia told interesting science in an email This is because the low humidity and clear sky enable the long wave radiation (infrared and microwave) emitted by the earth to reach the top of the atmosphere and radiate into space, resulting in the reduction of surface temperature.

In the case of Yakutsk and oimyakan, the terrain also played a role there. “Both places are located in local canyons with high terrain around them,” said Joni risanin, a senior lecturer at the Institute of atmospheric and earth systems at the University of Helsinki in Finland

“As a result, so-called ‘cold air lakes’ can easily form under stable winter conditions,” he said These relatively “heavy” cold air masses will be trapped near the bottom of the valley. For oimiacon, this effect is amplified by the surrounding higher mountains, which help “prevent cold air lakes” from mixing with warmer air.

So why do people still live in these harsh Siberian areas?

“I think people will be proud of where they live and how they can successfully live in harsh environments,” bioanthropologist Carla okobok, head of the human energetics laboratory at the University of Notre Dame, told interesting science in an email