Projects building with Polygon CDK inevitably ask, Where does that transaction data go, and how can users be sure it will always be retrievable?

This post will cover Data Availability (DA) and Data Availability Committees

(DACs), what they are and how they work within a CDK-built L2.

Data Availability and DACs

Ethereum’s consensus logic dictates that the transactions included in any given new block must be independently verifiable. This means that the data of the transactions must be available. For L2s, the common practice for guaranteeing the availability of its users’ transaction data is to post it to Ethereum as CALLDATA. This ensures that, in the event of some malice, users can still access and retrieve their assets.

CALLDATA is expensive, however, and, on Polygon zkEVM, it accounts for more than 80% of transaction fees.

The solution for projects building with Polygon CDK in validium mode is to use a DAC. A DAC is a group of permissioned nodes whose core responsibility is to attest that the transaction data needed to reconstruct the state of the L2 is available. Projects building with Polygon CDK configure the make-up of DAC members in the datacommittee.sol contract on Ethereum.

The Data and DAC Lifecycle in a CDK Validium

On Polygon CDK-built chains, the functions performed by the Sequencer and Aggregator are the same as in Polygon zkEVM. The Sequencer executes, orders, and batches transactions, and the Aggregator executes those batches and generates a ZK proof.

In validium mode, the DAC interacts with the Sequencer to attest to the secure and efficient handling of user transaction data. Here’s what that looks like in practice:

1. Batching: Once a batch of transactions is ordered, the Sequencer forwards the batch data and its corresponding hash to the DAC.

2. Data validation and storage: DAC nodes independently validate the batch data. Once validated, both the transaction data and the hash is stored in each node's local database for future reference.

3. Signature generation: DAC nodes generate a signature for the batch hash, endorsing the batch’s integrity and authenticity.

4. Signature verification: The Sequencer collects the signatures and the original batch hash and submits them to Ethereum for verification.

5. Verification: A designated smart contract on Ethereum checks the signatures against a list of valid DAC members and confirms that sufficient approval has been provided for the batch hash. Sufficient approval is a threshold configured by the chain in the datacommittee.sol contract.

6. Signature confirmation: Once the smart contract confirms the validity of the signatures, the Sequencer passes the batch to the Aggregator, which will generate the ZK proof that is posted to Ethereum. The proof confirms the validity of the batch's transactions.

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   Together, we can build an equitable future for all through the mass adoption of Web3!

Understanding Mint Blockchain:

Mint Blockchain positions itself as a next-generation blockchain platform designed to address key challenges faced by existing systems. With a focus on scalability, security, and sustainability, Mint aims to provide a robust foundation for a wide array of applications.

1. Sustainable Cryptocurrency Mining: One of Mint Blockchain's standout features is its commitment to sustainability. Traditional blockchain networks, such as Bitcoin, have faced criticism for their energy-intensive mining processes. Mint seeks to address this concern by implementing energy-efficient consensus mechanisms, making it an environmentally friendly alternative. This could revolutionize the landscape of cryptocurrency mining, attracting environmentally conscious investors and users.

2. Decentralized Finance (DeFi): Mint Blockchain opens up new possibilities in the realm of decentralized finance. Smart contracts on Mint can facilitate trustless and automated financial transactions, enabling users to engage in lending, borrowing, and yield farming without relying on traditional financial intermediaries. This not only increases accessibility but also reduces the risks associated with centralized financial systems.

3. Supply Chain Transparency: Blockchain's inherent transparency makes it an ideal technology for enhancing supply chain management. Mint Blockchain can be employed to trace and verify the origin, authenticity, and movement of goods across the supply chain. This use case is particularly crucial in industries where transparency and traceability are paramount, such as food and pharmaceuticals.

4. Tokenization of Assets: Mint Blockchain offers a seamless platform for the tokenization of real-world assets. This includes anything from real estate to art. By representing these assets as digital tokens on the blockchain, Mint makes it easier to buy, sell, and trade fractional ownership, opening up investment opportunities to a broader audience.

5. Identity Management: Securing and managing digital identities is a pressing challenge in the digital age. Mint Blockchain's decentralized identity solutions can empower users with greater control over their personal information, reducing the risks of identity theft and unauthorized access. This use case extends beyond individuals to enterprises seeking secure and efficient identity verification processes.

Conclusion:

Mint Blockchain stands as a promising contender in the blockchain arena, offering a potent combination of sustainability, scalability, and security. Its diverse range of use cases, from finance to supply chain management, positions it as a versatile and adaptable solution for the challenges of the modern world. As Mint continues to evolve, it has the potential to leave a lasting impact on the decentralized landscape, shaping the future of blockchain technology.

Twitter:

https://twitter.com/Mint_Blockchain

1. Private Keys Control:

   • The wallet should provide you with full control over your private keys. This means that you, and only you, have access to your private keys. Wallets that allow you to own and control your private keys significantly enhance security.

2. Seed Phrase Backup:

   • A secure DeFi wallet will generate a seed phrase (a series of words) during the wallet creation process. This seed phrase is a backup that can be used to restore your wallet in case of device loss or failure. Safest wallets emphasize the importance of keeping this seed phrase private and secure.

3. Two-Factor Authentication (2FA):

   • Adding an extra layer of security through two-factor authentication enhances the safety of your wallet. This usually involves a secondary verification method, such as a code sent to your mobile device, to confirm your identity when accessing the wallet.

4. Open Source and Audited Code:

   • The source code of the wallet should be open to public scrutiny, allowing experts to review and audit it for security vulnerabilities. Wallets that have undergone third-party security audits provide an additional layer of assurance regarding their reliability.

5. Compatibility with Hardware Wallets:

   • Integration with hardware wallets, such as Ledger or Trezor, is a feature commonly found in secure DeFi wallets. Hardware wallets store private keys offline, making them less susceptible to online hacking attempts. Being able to link your DeFi wallet with a hardware wallet adds an extra layer of physical security.

Remember, these features work together to create a robust security infrastructure. Always stay informed about the latest security best practices and regularly update your wallet software to benefit from the latest security enhancements. Additionally, exercise caution and verify the authenticity of the wallet before using it, as malicious actors may attempt to create fake wallets to exploit users.

1inch Android App, link: https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=io.oneinch.android&pli=1

Other DeFi wallets, such as MetaMask, Trust Wallet, or MyEtherWallet, may have different focuses and features. Here are a few factors you might consider when comparing:

1. Integration with 1inch Exchange: The 1inch Wallet is tightly integrated with the 1inch Exchange, offering users direct access to optimized trading routes across various DEXes. If you frequently use 1inch for trading, the 1inch Wallet could provide a more streamlined experience.

2. Supported Ecosystems: Some wallets are more versatile in terms of the blockchain networks and tokens they support. Check if the wallet supports the specific blockchain and tokens you are interested in.

3. User Interface and Experience: Consider the user interface and overall user experience. Some wallets prioritize simplicity, while others offer advanced features for power users.

4. Security: Security is paramount in the world of DeFi. Assess the security measures implemented by each wallet, such as seed phrase protection, two-factor authentication, and overall reputation within the crypto community.

5. Mobile vs. Desktop: Decide whether you prefer a mobile or desktop wallet, or if you need a wallet that supports both. Some wallets excel in one area but may have limitations in the other.

Ultimately, the choice between the 1inch Wallet and other DeFi wallets depends on your specific needs, preferences, and the type of DeFi activities you engage in. It's worth trying out a few wallets to see which one aligns best with your workflow and priorities.

Android App, use this link:https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=io.oneinch.android&pli=1

How to be part of the community & receive the airdrop? 🌟

1️⃣ Join Discord: https://discord.gg/WspsTBNhaD 🗣️

2️⃣ Follow us on Twitter & enable notifications: https://twitter.com/YumYum_Token 🐦

3️⃣ Retweet & like our posts on Twitter “LINK” ❤️ https://twitter.com/YumYum_Token/status/1644660828379947008?s=20

4️⃣ Get your invite link on Discord & invite friends 🤝

5️⃣ Be active in the Yum Yum Token Discord channel 🎮

🔥 Bigger airdrops for active & inviting members! 🔥

Discord Community Ranks:

🔸 Activity-based ranks (up to Noodle General) — daily auto assignment:

1. Noodle Senior Colonel

2. Noodle Brigadier

3. Noodle Major

4. Noodle Lieutenant

5. Noodle Admiral

6. Noodle General

🔸 Invite-based ranks (up to Whole-Wheat Pasta)-weekly assignment:

White Pasta (10 invites)

1. Soba Noodles (100 invites)

2. Lentil Pasta (250 invites)

3. Veggie Noodles (1,000 invites)

4. Chickpea Pasta (2,500 invites)

5. Whole-Wheat Pasta (5,000 invites)

📊 Here’s how the Yum Yum Token airdrop calculation works:

If you’ve completed all tasks and reached Noodle Senior Colonel (level 1) in activity and Whole-Wheat Pasta (level 6) in inviting, your airdrop amount will be the standard airdrop multiplied by 6. 🎉

For those who’ve reached the highest level in both activity and inviting, your airdrop will be multiplied by 12! 💰

So, stay active, invite more friends, and climb the ranks to maximize your Yum Yum Token airdrop rewards! 🚀

Optional:

You can potentially double your reward by trading on YumYumSwap when officially launch after Base mainnet. $50 in transaction and testing features on Yum Yum Swap is worth of trial for another batch of airdrop.

Consider that this is not a required task to get your early incentive as supporter.

📣 Shortly before the Yum Yum Token airdrop token distribution, we’ll open a support channel on Discord for you to submit the following required details. 🌟

1️⃣ Twitter username 🐦

2️⃣ Provide your Meta Mask wallet address 🦊 (If you’ve completed the optional task of trading on Yum Yum Swap, kindly provide the wallet address associated with the trade.)

Create your invitation link: Are you looking to invite your friends to join your Discord server but unsure how to create an invite link? Don’t worry, it’s a simple process! Follow these steps to create your invite link and invite your friends: https://support.discord.com/hc/en-us/articles/204155938-How-do-I-invite-friends-to-my-server

Start & End Time: The Yum Yum Token airdrop registration will be closed, and the rewards will be distributed shortly after the base.org blockchain and Yum Yum Swap are live. Keep an eye out for updates, and we appreciate your participation and support in our expanding community!

🌐 Join the Yum Yum Community 🌐

Discord: https://discord.io/yumyumtoken

Twitter: https://twitter.com/YumYum_Token

Medium: https://medium.com/@yumyum_token

Website: https://yumyumtoken.com

Arbitrum, the biggest player in Ethereum’s layer 2 scaling landscape, is finally getting a token.

The Arbitrum Foundation said on Thursday that ARB, Arbritrum’s new token, will be airdropped to community members on Thursday, March 23.

According to the Arbitrum Foundation, ARB will mark Arbitrum’s official transition into a decentralized autonomous organization (DAO), meaning ARB holders will be able to vote on key decisions governing Arbitrum One and Arbitrum Nova – networks that allow users to transact on the Ethereum blockchain with greater speeds and lower fees.

“Arbitrum DAO will have the power to control key decisions at the core protocol level, from how the chain's technology is upgraded to how the revenue from the chain can be used to support the ecosystem,” the Arbitrum Foundation said in a statement.

Although the Arbitrum Foundation plans to grant a relatively high number of tokens to investors and core contributors (44%), Arbitrum’s creator – Offchain Labs – boasts that the ARB token will make the Arbitrum ecosystem more decentralized than alternative scaling chains.

“For me, the most exciting part is the decentralization – the fact that Offchain Labs will no longer have any control over the future of this chain,” Offchain Labs CEO Steven Goldfeder told CoinDesk. “We will be a service provider, and if the DAO calls on us to build software, we will.”

The other 44% of ARB’s circulation will go to the investors and employees of Offchain Labs – the development firm that built Arbitrum. CEO Goldfeder says these tokens will be subject to lock-up periods and vesting schedules, though the proportion of ARB reserved for insiders is somewhat high in comparison to similar projects (Optimism, Arbitrum’s main competitor, rewarded 36% of its OP tokens to investors and core contributors, for example).

Unlike ether (ETH), which is used to pay out fees on Ethereum (and Arbitrum), the ARB token will only be used for protocol governance. Arbitrum DAO’s governance process will be self-executing, meaning votes can be used to directly alter Arbitrum’s core code.

Code changes will be subject to a time delay (to leave time for audits and other safety considerations), but a 12-person security council governed by the Arbitrum DAO will have the ability to make quicker bug fixes.

ARB’s introduction has been timed to coincide with the launch of Arbitrum Obit, which will allow third-party apps and protocols to build new “layer 3” blockchains based atop Arbitrum’s low-fee infrastructure.

Arbitrum’s main competitor in the Ethereum scaling space, Optimism, launched its OP token nearly a year ago when it made its own transition to DAO governance.

Both Arbitrum One and Optimism are so-called Optimistic rollup networks. They are blockchains that operate alongside Ethereum, bundle up big groups of transactions, and then write those transactions to the Ethereum ledger in bulk – slicing the fees that one would need to pay to execute those transactions individually.

As for why Arbitrum took longer to launch its governance token, Goldfeder said, “The tech came first. And based on our technical road map, now was the right time.” According to Goldfeder, Arbitrum has reached certain technical milestones, such as working fraud proofs (the technology underpinning Arbitrum One’s security) that its main competitor has yet to achieve.

Binance will record user BNB balances for five days from 2023-03-17 00:00 (UTC) to 2023-03-22 00:00 (UTC). The final BNB holding amount for each user will be determined as the average of the five days, using the Daily Average BNB Balance calculation previously announced here.

ID Token Sale Details:

• Token Name: Space ID (ID)

• Launchpad Hard Cap: 2,500,000 USD

• Hard Cap Per User: 15,000 USD (600,000 ID)

• Total Token Supply: 2,000,000,000 ID

• Total Tokens Allocated to Binance Launchpad: 100,000,000 ID (5% of Total Token Supply)

• Public Sale Token Price: 1 ID = 0.025 USD (price in BNB will be determined prior to subscription)

• Token Sale Format: Subscription

• Supported Sessions: BNB only

Subscription Timeline:

• Preparation Period 2023-03-17 00:00 (UTC) to 2023-03-22 00:00 (UTC): During this period, user BNB balances will be calculated in hourly snapshots for each day over a five-day period. Your final average daily BNB balance over these five days will determine the maximum amount of BNB that you can commit later on.

• Subscription Period 2023-03-22 06:00 (UTC) to 2023-03-22 09:00 (UTC): Subscription will open at this time for all eligible users for a three-hour period. Users must also sign the Token Purchase Agreement at the same time, prior to committing their BNB. Please note that once committed, your BNB will be locked and you will not be able to redeem or access any other functions such as transfers, withdrawals or trading until final token distribution.

• Calculation Period 2023-03-22 09:00 (UTC) to 2023-03-22 10:00 (UTC): Subscription closes and token allocation calculation begins.

• Final Token Distribution 2023-03-22 10:00 (UTC): Your final token allocation will be calculated and the corresponding BNB will be deducted from your already-locked BNB amount. Once deducted, your ID and BNB tokens will both be transferred to your spot wallet.

To learn more about Space ID (ID), read Binance Research's in-depth report here.

Further information:

• Launchpad Subscription Format FAQ

• Launchpad Detailed Allocation Calculation and BNB Deduction Rules

Space ID Project Links:

Website: https://space.id

Whitepaper: http://docs.space.id

Twitter: https://twitter.com/SpaceIDProtocol

Blog: https://blog.space.id/

Discord: https://discord.gg/spaceid

Telegram: https://t.me/spaceid_news

Reminder: Users need to complete their account verification and also be from an eligible jurisdiction to participate in this token sale.

* Users from the following countries or regions will not be able to participate in token sales on the Binance Launchpad platform:

Belarus, Cuba, Crimea Region, Democratic Republic of Congo, Iran, Iraq, New Zealand, North Korea, South Sudan, Sudan, Syria, United States of America and its territories (American Samoa, Guam, Puerto Rico, the Northern Mariana Islands, and the U.S. Virgin Islands), Zimbabwe.

How to get my project token/coin listed on Bybit?

The process is straightforward — simply submit your application via this Google form! Our spot team will reach back out if you pass the initial review.

What to expect during the review process?

We may require additional information. This, however, does not guarantee that your project token/coin will be listed on Bybit. If your project passes our initial review, a dedicated Business Development (BD) manager will contact you via email.

What to expect after my project token/coin gets listed successfully?

Please update the dedicated BD manager on your project progress regularly (i.e. each week or every month), and provide Bybit with promotional resources.

Thank you for your support!

Note:

• Bybit mandates a strict and one-way non-disclosure agreement (NDA) at the first point of contact

• Bybit won’t charge any listing fees

• 
  

1. Simple and Accessible Tokenization and Trading of Real Estate.

2. Tokenization of Digital Products and a Standardized Format for Digital Licensing.

3. The True Democratic Republic Community Governance With Untaxed Profit Sharing. Team Spume comprises team members who are experts in various fields, they include: -Beauregard Moody {CEO} -Silas Marvin {Technology} -Leonidas Pena {Executive Advisor} -Zevin Clark {Strategy} -Kenny Patel {Marketing} Partners and Investors Spume has reputable investors and partners, such as DTC Group, Amped Technologies, Acacia Digital Holdings, Falcon X, Novel T, Midas Capital and others. Tokenomics (more information can be found in the white paper) Total Supply: 100,000,000 Marketcap at TGE: $1,200,000 Public Sale: 5,000,000 TGE & Listing Information Name: Spume Token Network: Ethereum CEX Listing: 29th August Spume sale Join the sale here Join the Spume Community 💌Website: https://spume.io/ 💌Twitter: https://twitter.com/spumeio 💌Telegram: https://t.me/spumeio