对于很多致力于将该 EIP 投入生产的团队来说，这是一个重要的时刻!

以下是我认为应该将 EIP-4844 纳入考虑范围的原因。

提醒：EIP-4844 为以太坊的短期数据增加了一个新的费用市场, Rollup 将使用它来提高数据可用性。

这是以 Rollup 为中心的路线图的游戏规则改变者，因为费用可以降低约 100 倍。

TL;DR 为什么 4844 应该纳入考虑范围：

建立在提款基础上

规范~经过 9 个多月的迭代后已经完成

带压力测试的 Interop repo

KZG 仪式规范已完成 + 能工作的前端

KZG 库支持 Node、C#、Rust、Python 等

Devnet v3 将支持 6/9 主要客户端

让我解释一下每一部分。首先，EIP-4844 是建立在提款规范之上的。执行层和共识层的工作都直接建立在现有的提款实施之上。不需要重新建立，它纯粹是附加的。

该规范经过 9 个月的密集迭代，其余的更改已经非常少了。

大多数客户端团队已经审查（甚至实施）了它！此外，还有互补的共识层和 engine API 规范。

https://github.com/ethereum/execution-apis/blob/main/src/engine/blob-extension.md

在互操作性方面，开发者们进行了大量的工作，这导致了多个不同的开发者测试网（devnet），并且 Georgios Konstantopoulos 进行了额外的网络压力测试。不过，保守地说，我们已经减少了初始迭代的 blobs 参数。

https://github.com/Inphi/eip4844-interop

在 KZG 可信设置仪式方面，我们已经准备就绪。

有一个已完成的规范，包含三个前端实现，并实现和审核了排序器。

https://github.com/ethereum/kzg-ceremony-specs

为了使实施更流畅、更可靠，我们在 KZG 库方面也取得了重大进展。C-kzg-4844 处于活动状态，并使用 NodeJS、CSharp、Python 以及正在进行的 Rust 绑定实现所需的组件。Go-KZG 已准备就绪。

https://github.com/ethereum/c-kzg-4844/

我们在开发者测试网（devnet）方面也取得了巨大进展。

下一个 devnet v3 将支持 9 个主要客户端中的 6 个（不错），应该会在 11 月 30 日准备就绪。

https://notes.ethereum.org/@timbeiko/4844-devnet-3

一直以来，社区和生态系统始终与不断发展的公共站点保持同步，该公共站点包含了所有这些信息，并且已经持续了将近一年。

https://www.eip4844.com/

在我看来，EIP-4844 是合并（The Merge）之后最有希望为以太坊的未来做出贡献的 EIP。

几只 L2 团队、来自以太坊基金会的各种核心开发人员、大型 crypto 业务以及主要的新项目都为它做出了贡献，因为我们希望看到以太坊获胜。

现在，我想补充的是，CFI 并不意味着「包含」在下一次硬分叉升级中。关于上海升级的决定是一个独立的过程。

然而，考虑到 EIP-4844 以及提款都涉及到了共识层和执行层，似乎有很好的理由考虑将其纳入上海升级。

无论如何，我希望在即将到来的 ACD 电话会议中，我们能够了解 EIP-4844 的情况，并对 CFI 地位的合理性做出强有力的判断！

如果你对这个 EIP 有任何想法，并希望在下一次 ACD 电话会议上发表意见，请查看议程:

https://github.com/ethereum/pm/issues/450

自 8 月 8 日美国财政部外国资产控制办公室 （OFAC） 宣布制裁混币器 Tornado Cash 后，不少加密资产服务商纷纷与 OFAC 列出的受制裁地址「划清界限」，甚至直接冻结了与这些地址有交易痕迹的地址账户。

为遵守合规、正常运行，加密服务商的行为造成了用户麻烦，一些没有直接使用过 Tornado Cash 的用户的资产也被冻结。制裁行动正在波及更广泛的加密市场，特别是 DeFi。

由于大量 DeFi 应用支持美元稳定币 USDC，该中心化美元稳定币的发行方 Circle 冻结受制裁地址后引发加密社区担忧。行业人士认为，稳定币中心化发行方的行为很可能导致 DeFi 的溃败。

去中心化稳定币 DAI 的发行协议 MakerDAO 开始意识到风险性，其联合创始人建议 DAI「去美元化」。而对审查的担忧开始因 Tornado Cash 事件蔓延向以太坊社区。

超 6.74 万 ETH 从 Tornado Cash 流出

Tornado Cash 被美国财政部外国资产控制办公室（OFAC）制裁 后，直接打击了该工具发行的原生代币 TORN 的价格。第三方加密资产数据平台显示，TORN 的交易价格在 8.83 美元附近，在过去 20 多天里下跌了 71%。

2019 年上线的 Tornado Cash 是以太坊上首批提供私密交易的去中心化应用程序之一，它接受用户匿名支付 ETH 版的加密资产后将它们合并到诸多地址后并进行混合，从而达到无法确定加密资产原始所有者的目的，以此来为那些重视隐私的人提供投资和利用加密资产的方式。

数据平台 Dune Analytics 显示，Tornado Cash 内有近 348 万 ETH 存款，存入的总额为 76 亿美元。

执行制裁 Tornado Cash 的监管机构是美国财政部海外资产控制办公室（OFAC），该机构的使命之一是对威胁美国国家安全和对外政策的经济和贸易执行制裁，包括恐怖主义、麻醉品交易、跨国毒品、大规模杀伤性武器扩散等威胁。

8 月 8 日后，俗称混币器的 Tornado Cash 及与它相关的 44 个以太坊地址被列入「美国特别制定国民名单」中，拥有这些地址的个人和组织的财产及权益将被冻结，与这些地址有关的个人或实体业不得与它们交易。制裁的原因主要是 Tornado Cash 正在成为犯罪分子利用加密资产洗钱的工具。

8 月 24 日，区块链安全服务商 PeckShield 在社交媒体上披露，自 Tornado Cash 被列入制裁名单以来，该平台已流出 6.74 万枚 ETH，协议合约内 ETH 数量从 18.95 万枚降至 12.21 万枚，降幅达 36%。

Dune Analytics 统计的出逃 Tornado 的 ETH 价值

Dune Analytics 数据统计，自 Tornado Cash 被制裁后，出逃的 ETH 价值超 2.5 亿美元。Tornado 成为 OFAC 的眼中钉后，连锁反应不断出现。

8 月 8 日，合规美元稳定币 USDC 的发行方 Circle 冻结了 Tornado Cash 用户钱包地址中的 USDC 资金。8 月 9 日，大规模的「投毒」事件发生——有人将与该工具有关地址内的加密资产发送到了别人的地址内，造成他人的加密钱包受到污染，导致大量的地址被 DeFi 协议封禁了前端交互功能。

这也说明，中心化的、去中心化的加密资产服务商都受到了此次制裁事件的影响，而更深远的担忧正在出现，最焦虑的是 DeFi 协议们。

Tornado Cash 被制裁将如何影响 DeFi？

要知道，搭建在以太坊上链上的 Tornado Cash 可以混合一切符合以太坊智能合约标准的加密资产，这就直接导致了以太坊链上最主要的应用场景 DeFi 协议们将受到制裁事件的影响。虽然 ETH 是去中心化流通的，但 DeFi 中的其他主流基础资产 USDC、USDT 等美元稳定币是利用以太坊网络生成的，而它们的发行主体是中心化的公司 Circle 和 Tether。

美元稳定币可以说是 DeFi 当中最重要的资产基建，无论是当前应用最广泛的加密资产去中心化交易应用（如 Uniswap）、借贷应用（如 Aave）还是合成资产应用（如 Curve），都需要美元稳定币的介入，因为用户除了需要一个衡量工具来明确自己所拥有的加密资产价值外，稳定币还是 DeFi 应用内重要的结算资产和质押资产。

就连以太坊链上最大的去中心化美元稳定币 DAI 都允许质押 USDC、USDT 来生成，它的价格也直接与美元挂钩。

数据平台 DeFiLlama 显示，截至 8 月 31 日，DAI 的发行协议 MakerDAO 的质押总价值（TVL）为 80.6 亿美元，其中 37.7 亿美元的质押资产是 USDC，占到了总 TVL 的 46.7%。在 MakerDAO 的整个质押历史记录中，USDC 质押率的高位时常占到一半以上。

MakerDAO 内质押最多的资产是 USDC

MakerDAO 是以太坊 DeFi 市场中最重要的组成，长久以来，它是该市场资金规模最大的 DeFi 应用。仅 8 月 31 日一天，它的 TVL 就占到了整个以太坊 DeFi 市场的 13.37%，由它生成的 DAI 流向了绝大多数的 DeFi 应用中。

Tornado Cash 被制裁后，Circle 封禁用户地址的行为说明，全球最大、最著名的美元稳定币发行主体有能力立即冻结任何人的帐户。这暴露出一个苗头，审查机关可以直接通过监管中心化的稳定币发行主体来干预 DeFi。

一些行业人士担心，如果 Circle 被迫冻结更多资产，可能会引发多米诺骨牌效应，摧毁整个 DeFi：由于 USDC 被用于 Uniswap 交易、Aave 贷款抵押、DAI 稳定币，假如政府决定取缔 DeFi 的三大支柱，而 Circle 同意了，那么整个 DeFi 行业将立即崩溃，因为冻结的资金无法再支撑 DeFi 应用内资产的自由流动，流动性受限时，加密金融的风险随之而来。

加密社区再现抗审查舆论

MakerDAO 深知自身对于以太坊 DeFi 的角色，它已经从 Tornado Cash 事件中看到了隐患。

8 月 26 日，MakerDAO 的联合创始人 Rune Christensen 在他的博客文章中建议，DAI 脱锚美元，协议要继续走去中心化的道路，以限制未来潜在的审查攻击面。

Christensen 特别对 DAI 严重依赖 USDC 表示了担忧，因为 Circle 在 Tornado Cash 事件中的行为已经表明会按照美国法律行事，「我们低估了风险加权资产（RWA）的影响，对加密资产的实体打击可以在没有提前通知的情况下发生，即使是合法、无辜的用户也无从幸免。这违背了我们过去理解 RWA 风险的两个核心假设，威权主义的威胁比我们预想的要严重。」

他认为，去中心化的 MakerDAO 需要减少监管打击对协议的影响，「唯一的选择是通过减少 RWA 敞口到总抵押品的最大固定百分比，以限制攻击面——这需要 DAI 自由浮动，远离美元。」 由于 DAI 是在以太坊上去中心化发行的，Christensen 在提到 MakerDAO 作为一个链上协议「无法遵守监管的要求」时表示，「我们必须选择去中心化的道路，这一直是 DAI 的意图和目的。」

对审查的担忧甚至已经开始从 DeFi 层面蔓延至以太坊社区。虽然，只要区块链的可操作性不消失，智能合约就会长久地运行下去，包括各种 DeFi 应用和 Tornado Cash，但如果监管通过制裁区块链的节点服务商干预以太坊，社区该怎么应对？

已经有人在以太坊社区以投票的方式提出了这种假设。作为应对方案，一种是将这种审查制度视为对以太坊的攻击，然后通过广泛共识去烧毁被控节点的权益；另一种是容忍审查制度。

不少人将票投给了抗审查的方案，以太坊创始人 Vitalik Buterin 在社交网络上亮出了他的立场——将控制节点的审查视为对以太坊的攻击，并对这些验证者进行惩罚，以避免以太坊「被掌控」。同时，Vitalik 还表示，「加密世界支持自由拥有私有财产权，而不是由那些拿着『枪』的人决定炸掉别人的房子，偷走别人的冰箱。」

一直以来，「去中心化」就被视作抗审查的核心，它以分散对抗集中，这种抗性更多地体现在技术层面，部分体现在政治层面。比如，避免一个大型服务器被攻击而导致整个网络的瘫痪。

以太坊向 PoS 机制转型时，也在网络合并期间向用户建议，最好能运行一个节点，这对保护以太坊网络的去中心化运行、保护用户的资产安全十分有价值。Tornado Cash 受制裁所带来的对隐私保护、对区块链生态的打击，或将让加密社区更加珍视「去中心化」的价值。

https://www.defidaonews.com/article/6774666

Thank you for joining us on this journey. We wouldn't be here without you.

Among the global Web3 community, everyone is well acquainted with the MetaMask fox. But do they know the minds behind it? In a culture that prizes bombast and Twitter flame wars, Dan Finlay and Aaron Davis take a more inquisitive and modest approach to community building. For this reason, in the six years of building MetaMask, they haven’t done many interviews—never together. “We prefer focusing our time on empowering the community. We are not the only ones behind the project, the whole community is.” While they still weigh in on important industry discourse, such as Moxie’s critique of Web3, or comment on the latest peer-to-peer networking and encryption libraries, they are more reserved when it comes to sharing their personal story. Who are they? What’s their background? How did they meet? What causes are they passionate about? How did the MetaMask idea come to life?  Like the hundreds of thousands of brilliant minds creating the everyday Web3 use cases of tomorrow, Aaron and Dan have a singular story, an unexpected journey that led them to create what is today the way millions of people worldwide access Web3. 

Dan, an English Literature major and Aaron, a Japanese and Chinese scholar, divergent lives first intersected in 2013 when Aaron and Dan worked at Apple. They met while contributing to the project VoxelJS, an open-source Minecraft clone, making an environment to help kids learn to program in the browser. Each of them were on their own path and at the time seemed improbable that one day they would create the iconic fox.

Dan was born in Detroit, briefly moved to New York, and is now settled with his wife on the Pacific Coast in California. While he is not a huge traveler, he has loved his visits to Japan and Turkey. Globetrotting Aaron on the other hand, likes to change homes frequently, but has most consistently lived around the ring of fire — Japan, China, Bali, and now Hawaii. Like a true adventurer, he is driven by curiosity and has a deep appreciation of the historical and social origins of culture.

When they were children, Aaron just wanted to play video games while Dan first wanted to live in an igloo. While this made sense at the time, Dan later realized that this might be a bit complicated and then decided that he wanted to be an astronaut. Over the years, their dreams naturally evolved, and Dan ditched the igloo and rocketship ideas for art, video production, and improv. He studied English Literature at University. Aaron studied Japanese with the hopes of becoming a simultaneous interpreter. When asked about his unique career aspirations, Aaron explained, “You have to get everything out of your brain to be a conduit for translation, I found the pure alignment of mind very inspiring.” People do say that software engineering is just like learning another language; both require a sensitivity to detail, a capacity for logical construction, and comfort with semiotics. In many ways, by their early twenties, they were already halfway to their programming life. 

For Dan, coding started more than 10 years ago with a scatological app idea: Fartomin, a fart synthesizer. “I didn’t know how to code so I read a book to learn how to do it,” he recounts. Still staying true to his childhood dreams, Aaron tried to develop video games— “I didn’t have any guidance so I was trying to learn from what other people made, read it then tweak it.”

After Dan’s diverse stints working as a portrait artist, videographer, museum docent, arcade supervisor, balloon twister, chess coach, and screen printer, his path crossed with Aaron in 2013 at Apple, after Kumavis himself retired from being a camp counselor, lifeguard, interpreter, and waiter in Japan. They both wanted to work on peer-to-peer computing, or, “crazy ambitious ideas that still resemble what we are doing,” explains Aaron. 

Dan Finlay and Aaron Davis recounting their story

This sense of sharing, building a community, and creating platforms for safe collaboration is motivated by social inequality and the rights of others. Dan is captivated with human rights and connecting with people. His sense of social justice was shaped by his family’s own experiences with the Detroit auto industry collapse, and the farm worker movement in California. “I hate that we are building on years of businesses deliberately externalizing their impacts and exploiting everything they can for profit.” His first experience with community currencies came from Charquin, his alternative elementary school. If you ask Aaron what he hates the most, he’d tell you that he doesn’t want to rely on people he doesn’t trust to do things. “I hate being deprived of agency,” he says. Their aspirational and philosophical ideas around technology were converging and the idea of MetaMask was slowly coming to life.

According to Aaron, “One part of tech and politics was coming through projects like torrents. People were doing something really complicated and everyone was working together to pull it off. I wanted to see how we could do it in a bunch of other ways.” This moment was before Ethereum had even launched.

In 2014, the second largest blockchain was created, which put a bug in their ear. “When I heard about Ethereum and the ideas surrounding it, I thought that they fit a couple things that sounded like what I wanted to make—a modular democracy or better debate system. I wanted to use computers to help people raise funds, send micropayments, and more,” explains Dan. They knew it would be cool to have a website backed by the Ethereum network, but how the login would work was unclear. Web-based crowdfunding was still kind of new. Aaron was interested in crowdfunding a project on Ethereum and worked backwards from there. He spent a while making a sophisticated account manager that was like a browser within a browser, and then, Dan came in. While there were many early in-person hacking sessions, they also developed a way of working across timezones that in some ways represents the collaborative efforts of building a decentralized technology like Ethereum. Together, they reduced the initial scope of MetaMask, and pivoted to making a web extension. This helped get it just good enough to start taking it to hackathons and getting developers to play with it.

In 2016, MetaMask and the fox were born. 

Why a fox? Aaron wanted an animal mascot and had the idea of a low-poly fox. “The fox for me invokes a number of things: the folk hero of Disney’s Robinhood, rebellion against tradition, the clever solitary creature as an image of self-custody, a chance encounter in the dark forest, and solving the problem of safe collaboration or how we can trust each other.” When Dan saw the idea, he worked with a local modeler to make it 3D, and then made it interactive. They also needed a name…

Aaron likes naming things but he also knows that it’s hard to get it right. He spent a lot of time reflecting on a name that we now know as MetaMask and described, “I wanted something that matches the purpose, rolls off the tongue nicely, and mostly passes the “phone test”: can you say it over the phone and can they write it down?” Meta means self-referential. Mask, as in a decorative or drama mask, is a metaphor for identity.” MetaMask was meant to mean, “the identity of your identities,” or, “the thing you use to manage your many identities.” Needless to say, the appellation stuck, and in the 2020s, is rather clairvoyant given Facebook’s rebrand. 

It’s been a hectic and unique journey for the team. When looking back, some memories that stand out include staying up all night during the rise of CryptoKitties in 2017 to come up with a way to alleviate the stalled transactions. “I also remember our retreat in 2018 when we first started talking about how we would scale the product, and let users add new networks.” In 2019, the Snaps project came to life. “2020 was a huge dramatic year where we first started seeing the new ways in which scammers phished our users’ Secret Recovery Phrases, but then shipped the Swaps feature that gave us our first actual revenue, and allowed us to hire more reliably.” 2021 was a year of rapid growth, laying the foundation for MetaMask’s most ambitious plans. 2022 has been a year of building the systems and teams MetaMask needs to fulfill users’ needs more completely. 

Dan and Aaron both share the belief that we should establish new trust foundations. Dan stated, “Today, most people neither know how to trust computers, nor each other. The internet has shattered our sense of unity. I want to leave people feeling like they are able to trust more things again, but for the right reasons.” Looking at the future, Aaron is convinced that, “most things in Web3 that are popular now won’t be around in 20 or 30 years,” so he tracks the themes and forms, not the specifics. His goal for Web3 is to build a “civilization starter kit.” 

“Do you ever feel like society is starting to collapse? Let’s have a large-scale backup plan.”

They are both deeply convinced that MetaMask is all about the community that is building the future features of the wallet through MetaMask Snaps.  If they were to give one piece of advice to developers, Dan says, “It’s all about finding a way to serve the rest of humanity. Focus on the problems people have, listen to people, learn how things work, and then see if you can make life a little easier for someone. Along the way, you might discover things that would make things easier for you to make things easier for them, and those are also valid ways to build, but you have to start with something you care about doing for someone else.” Aaron invites developers to, “try lots of things. Have faith you can figure out how to do something if you put in the time.”

Because you—we—are building the future.

https://consensys.net/blog/metamask/how-did-metamask-come-to-life-the-origin-story-revealed/