Expanding the consumption of the population should go from increasing the incomes of the population and increasing the tendency of the population to marginalize consumption, requiring tax cuts and optimization, accelerating the transfer of rural land and the transfer of low income, accelerating the reform of the household system to promote urbanization, improving the structure of financial spending, opening up the services market and improving the quality of high- and medium-end products.

Introduction

The continuing low level of social zero consumption since this year and the new decline since 2003 triggered consumer escalation and demotion. In fact, what are the economic patterns and social realities of the current cycle of consumer escalation? How can the consumption of the population be expanded?

Summary

The consumption theory focuses on consumption and income, savings relations and consumer maximization under budgetary constraints. The consumption theory consists mainly of: (a) the introduction of “current consumption is a function of current income”; (ii) the cross-cycle consumption theory of 欧, with interest rates affecting the distribution of consumers in current and future consumption; (iii) the comparative income consumption theory presented by Dusen Beli, which depends not only on income but also on consumption patterns and surrounding environments; and (iv) life cycle models and permanent income models, respectively, presented by Mondialicini and Friedmann, which take into account current revenues and future income.

Consumption upgrades refer to the improvement in the quality of consumer goods and the development of an increase in the share of enjoyment of consumption, resulting in overall effectiveness. Lower incomes and even negative growth have led to lower consumption of commodities, reduced development-type consumption and increased subsistence consumption, i.e., lower consumption levels.

Overall consumption in our country: social zero and average per capita consumption expenditure slowed down as a whole, but increased consumption contribution to economic growth as a result of faster investment growth. The share of final consumption expenditure, particularly of the population, in GDP, remains low, lower than in developed countries such as the United States, and investment-driven economies need time. The main causes of this situation are the low proportion of the population in the distribution of national income, the weak system of social security benefits, the widening gap between rich and poor, and investment in stimulating economic growth patterns.

The country’s consumption escalation and downgrading are conspicuous, and the pattern of consumption is evident in the context of the widening gap between rich and poor. 1) In the long term, the trend of rising consumption continues, with the Ngar factor declining to less than 30 per cent, health, education, communication, etc., increased consumption of services to more than 40 per cent, and the short-term, lower- and middle-income consumption, liquidity retrenchment, high-lived liabilities, rents and medical prices, and consumption downgradation, concentrated on the middle class, such as the high-liquid-lease and second-lease-lease enterprises (both financial and fiscally low-income groups, with no income, etc.). According to the five-tier income distribution, higher-income households experienced an annual rise in income growth and sustained growth in middle- and middle-income households, with an increase of 7.3 per cent in 2017, the slowest increase in middle-income households. 3) The gap between rich and poor has risen for two consecutive years, with a marked pattern of consumption rankings between urban and high-income groups. High-quality automobile consumption is growing in tandem with low- and medium-scale growth and even negative growth, and high-end white alcohol prices continue to rise and compete with low-end white alcohol. This phenomenon needs to be given high priority.

Short-term consumption demotions and apparent consumption rankings are the economic and financial social environment in which China’s macroeconomic downturn is projected, liquidity retreats, social stratification and difficult employment. 1) Increased macroeconomic downward pressure, slowing down the growth in the incomes of the population as a result of rapid economic growth, leading to a shift in the population’s expectations for the future as a result of trade wars in Central America, falling capital markets, etc.; (ii) liquidity retreats, “oilless rivers”; (iii) the widening of the gap between the rich and the poor, a two-year increase in the Gini coefficient, which corresponds to different levels of consumption, promotion and demotion; and (iv) shrinking employment opportunities, affecting income and consumption.

From international experience such as the United States, Japan and others, consumption and economic growth have been subject to a fast-moving pattern, and our Ngar coefficient is much higher than in developed countries and there is considerable room for structural upgrading. 1) The sharp decline in GDP and the growth in income and consumption of the population, but the contribution of consumption to the economy has increased; and 2) the accompanying economic slowdown and the expansion of per capita GDP, the fall in the Ngar coefficient, the increase in the share of development-accessible consumption and the upgrading of consumption structures. 3) In-kind consumption declined and service consumption increased. 4) The overall decline in marginal consumption trends. Our Ngel coefficient was lower than 30 per cent for the first time in 2017 than in the United States (7 per cent), the United Kingdom (8.1 per cent), Germany (10.6 per cent), the Republic of Korea (13.3 per cent) and Japan (24 per cent), with greater space for long-term consumer upgrading, and a zero-growth rate reflecting in-kind consumption, but service consumption will rise.

Expanding the consumption of the population should go from increasing the incomes of the population and increasing the tendency of the population to marginalize consumption, requiring tax cuts and optimization, accelerating the transfer of rural land and the transfer of low income, accelerating the reform of the household system to promote urbanization, improving the structure of financial spending, opening up the services market and improving the quality of high- and medium-end products. The first is to further improve the distribution structure of national income, increase the proportion of the population’s income in the distribution of income, and reduce the proportion of government income distribution. These include, among other things, lowering personal income taxes, lowering the value-added tax rate, improving the consumer tax, increasing government transfers to the population, particularly to low- and middle-income groups, accelerating the market transfer of rural land and homes and increasing the property-related incomes of rural residents. The second is to increase the marginal consumption tendencies of the population by improving the Government’s financial spending structure, reducing the proportion of financial support staff and capital spending, further increasing the share of social insurance in fiscal spending, such as education, old age, health, etc., by addressing the population’s concerns and reducing preventive savings. The third is to speed up the reform of the household system and to promote the process of civicization of farmers. Fourthly, it is proposed to increase the supply of medium- and high-end products from the supply side, improve the quality of products and enable overseas purchases and luxury goods to recycle.

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Blinken, who was asked about the prospect of the event by the US Cbs Broadcasting Inc (CBS), said: “Ukrainian people have made plans to ensure that the government maintains continuity in some way. I do not intend to discuss or discuss any details.”

Subsequently, Blinken said Ze Lens Ki and his cabinet were “the incarnation of these brave Ukraine people”.

US Secretary of State Antony Blinken Data map

The report said that Biden, President of the United States, and many leaders of NATO and the West recently sent similar support messages to Ze Lens Ki, and announced the provision of weapons and humanitarian assistance. However, the United States and its allies in Europe clearly ruled out the possibility of direct military intervention and refused to establish a “no fly zone”, despite Zelinski’s repeated requests. Russia said the move would be regarded as an act of war.

Russian media pointed out that although the Ukrainian army continues to receive western weapons, the progress of the Russian army in Ukraine has aroused speculation that Zelensky may have fled Kiev. It can be seen that in most of Zelensky’s recent video speeches, he appeared in an unrecognizable environment, but he himself posted a video allegedly taken in the Kiev office on instagram on March 4, saying that “no one fled anywhere”.

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According to the report, although Zelensky publicly said he would stick to the fight, U.S. officials seem to have envisaged a plan to “rescue” him. It is reported that a few days after the conflict between Russia and Ukraine, Zelinski was asked to evacuate from Kiev, but he refused.

Western officials discussed supporting a possible “Zelensky government in exile”, according to reports by several US media over the weekend. It is reported that the plan under discussion includes Zelensky’s continued management of Ukraine in the Western Ukrainian city of Lvov or other European countries.

Yi Jianlian has been selected into the starting lineup of CBA All-Star game for 11 times and is the player with the most starting times among All-Star players this time.

This is the sixth time in Yi Jianlian’s career that he has become the king of All-Star tickets and tied with Wang Zhizhi, a famous Chinese men’s basketball player. He didn’t participate in the All-Star voting when he was reimbursed last season. In the previous three seasons, he was elected the voting champion for three consecutive years.

“We have no intention of taking any action that may be misunderstood,” Defense Department spokesman John Kirby said when announcing the postponement of the Minuteman 3 intercontinental ballistic missile test scheduled for this week

It is reported that earlier, Russian President Vladimir Putin had ordered the Russian military’s nuclear deterrent to enter a “special combat readiness”. (compiled / Shen Jian)