确保 Starkli 和 Scarb 安装正确

确保以下命令在您的系统上正常运行。

starkli --version
scarb --version

介绍

Starkli 通过两种主要方法实现与智能合约的交互：

• call用于只读功能。

• invoke用于修改状态的写入函数。

调用函数

该call命令允许在不发送交易的情况下查询智能合约功能。

作为示例，您可以使用get_owner不需要任何参数并返回当前所有者的地址的函数：

starkli call \
    0x014825acb37c36563d3b96c450afe363d2fdfa3cfbd618b323f95b68b55ebf7e \
    get_owner
    --network=goerli-1

这将返回我们在部署期间传递给构造函数的地址：

[    "0x02cdab749380950e7a7c0deff5ea8edd716feb3a2952add4e5659655077b8510"]

调用函数

要修改智能合约的状态，请使用该invoke命令。与命令不同call，invoke向网络提交交易。

在此示例中，我们将调用该transfer_ownership函数将所有权从部署者地址转移到不同的智能钱包地址：

starkli invoke \
    0x014825acb37c36563d3b96c450afe363d2fdfa3cfbd618b323f95b68b55ebf7e \
    transfer_ownership \
    0x011088d3cbe4289bc6750ee3a9cf35e52f4fa4e0ac9f42fb0b62e983139e135a \
    --network=goerli-1

当交易在L2上被接受后，您可以通过get_owner再次调用该函数来确认状态转换：

starkli call \
    0x014825acb37c36563d3b96c450afe363d2fdfa3cfbd618b323f95b68b55ebf7e \
    get_owner \
    --network=goerli-1

该get_owner函数现在返回新的所有者地址，确认所有权转移成功。

The implementation of StarkNet involves several challenges:

1. Zero-Knowledge Proofs (ZKPs): StarkNet utilizes ZKPs for scalability and privacy. Implementing ZKPs effectively requires advanced cryptographic knowledge and expertise to ensure both security and efficiency.

2. Complexity in Stark Proving: Generating proofs in STARK (Scalable Transparent Argument of Knowledge) systems is computationally intensive. Optimizing this process while maintaining security standards is a significant challenge.

3. Integration with Ethereum: StarkNet needs seamless integration with Ethereum for interoperability. Achieving this integration without compromising security or causing network congestion is a complex task.

4. Developer Adoption: Educating and encouraging developers to adopt StarkNet's infrastructure and programming models might pose a challenge. Providing robust documentation, tools, and support is crucial for attracting developers to build on the platform.

5. Scalability and Throughput: While StarkNet aims to significantly improve scalability, achieving high throughput without sacrificing decentralization or security remains a demanding task.

6. Community Consensus and Governance: Establishing a governance model that ensures community consensus and facilitates protocol upgrades while maintaining decentralization is a challenge faced by many blockchain projects.

Despite these challenges, StarkNet's vision of enabling scalable and decentralized applications through its second-layer solution holds immense promise for the Ethereum ecosystem. Overcoming these hurdles will require ongoing research, collaboration, and innovation within the blockchain and cryptography communities.

StarkNet的生态系统在不断发展，包括以下组成部分：

1. StarkEx: 这是StarkWare公司开发的技术，用于构建高性能的Layer 2扩展解决方案。它提供了一种在区块链之外进行大规模交易和计算的方法，可以实现高吞吐量和较低的交易成本。

2. StarkWare SDK: 这是针对开发人员的工具包，可用于构建和部署在StarkNet上运行的智能合约和去中心化应用程序。

3. 应用程序和智能合约: 开发者正在利用StarkNet构建各种类型的DApps，包括去中心化交易所（DEX）、游戏、金融应用、预测市场等等。这些应用程序通过利用StarkNet的高性能和低成本优势，为用户提供更好的体验。

4. 开发者社区: 在StarkNet周围形成了一个不断增长的开发者社区，他们分享教程、工具、技术资源，并一起探索如何更好地利用StarkNet的功能来构建创新的应用程序和解决方案。

5. 生态系统工具和支持: 随着StarkNet生态系统的发展，一些工具和服务也开始涌现，包括钱包集成、监控工具、测试套件等，这些有助于开发者更轻松地构建、部署和管理其应用程序。

请注意，截至目前时间，StarkNet及其生态系统可能已经有了新的发展和变化，包括新的应用程序、工具和技术。因此，如果你对StarkNet生态系统的最新发展感兴趣，建议查阅最新的文档、社区论坛或官方公告。

区块链技术的出现赋予了世界计算系统绝对的透明度和包容性的问责制。为了获得这些特性，区块链系统被迫做出巨大的权衡，这会影响可用性。Vitalik Buterin 在《区块链三难困境》中总结了这个问题：

区块链被迫做出权衡，阻碍其去中心化、可扩展性和安全性.

StarkNet 试图解决区块链三难困境，并通过使用零知识 STARK 证明提供一个包容性、去中心化、可扩展和安全的系统。

确保 Starkli 和 Scarb 安装正确

确保以下命令在您的系统上正常运行。

starkli --version
scarb --version

如果上述任一命令失败，请访问设置您的环境。

介绍

在 Starknet 中部署智能合约需要两个步骤：

• 声明您的合约的类别，即将合约的代码发送到网络。

• 部署合约，即创建您之前声明的代码的实例。

部署智能合约

部署智能合约涉及在 Starknet 上实例化它。部署命令需要智能合约的类哈希以及构造函数所需的任何参数。

对于我们的示例，构造函数需要一个地址来指定为所有者：

starkli deploy \
    <CLASS_HASH> \
    <CONSTRUCTOR_INPUTS> \
    --network=goerli-1

使用类哈希和构造函数输入，命令如下所示：

starkli deploy \
    0x00e68b4b07aeecc72f768b1c086d9b0aadce131a40a1067ffb92d0b480cf325d \
    0x02cdAb749380950e7a7c0deFf5ea8eDD716fEb3a2952aDd4E5659655077B8510 \
    --network=goerli-1

预期结果

运行命令并添加密码后，您将看到类似于以下内容的输出：

Deploying class 0x00e68b4b07aeecc72f768b1c086d9b0aadce131a40a1067ffb92d0b480cf325d with salt 0x04bc3fc2284c8e41fb3d2a37bb0354fd0506131cc77a8c91e4e67ce3aed1d19e...
The contract will be deployed at address 0x014825acb37c36563d3b96c450afe363d2fdfa3cfbd618b323f95b68b55ebf7e
Contract deployment transaction: 0x0086972e7463d5673d8b553ae521ec2df974a97c2ce6aafc1d1c20d22c6b96c6
Contract deployed: 0x014825acb37c36563d3b96c450afe363d2fdfa3cfbd618b323f95b68b55ebf7e

该智能合约现已部署到 Starknet。

https://t.co/OqIeKcQQtC

上运行 Starknet 应用链的原因是什么以及我们在第 2 层上有哪些限制 与直接在第 2 层网络（如公共 Starknet 主网）上开发相比，基于 Madara 构建的应用程序链提供了更多控制和灵活性。例如，应用链运营商可以自定义块频率等参数，集成存储证明等实验功能，并优化性能和成本。这使得应用链非常适合游戏等需要替代费用结构和灵活性的应用程序。 运行应用程序链意味着运营商现在必须运行自己的排序器并考虑激励措施以保持其可持续性。与依赖共享 Rollup 的公共定序器网络相比，这增加了复杂性。应用链还需要处理自己的证明来结算以太坊上的数据，尽管它们可以利用像

的 SHARP 系统这样的共享证明者来摊销成本。 因此，虽然应用程序链允许更多定制，但它们确实牺牲了直接在公共汇总上构建的一些简单性。但像 Madara 这样的平台为开发人员提供了选择，以便他们可以选择正确的架构来平衡控制与便利性等因素，以满足他们的特定需求。应用链可以充当“金丝雀网络”来测试稍后可能应用于公共 Starknet 的创新。

StarkEx

一种基于以太坊区块链的应用特定的 Layer-2 扩展引擎，旨在解决以太坊等 Layer-1 区块链网络的可扩展性问题。StarkEx 通过使用一种名为 STARK 证明的先进密码学系统，实现了快速、低成本的交易，同时不妥协安全性、隐私性和自我保管。

它提供了一系列用于实现便宜的链下计算的应用流程，将多笔交易打包在一个 STARK 证明中，然后在链上进行验证，降低了每笔交易的平均燃料成本。StarkEx 扩展引擎的工作原理，包括批处理、验证和更新、生成证明以及链上验证四个步骤。

StarkEx 已经成功部署在多个应用中，如 dYdX、Immutable、Sorare、DeversiFi 和 Celer。

和 StarkNet 的区别在于：

StarkEx 和 StarkNet 是由 StarkWare 开发的两个不同的技术，它们都使用 STARK 零知识证明技术，但有不同的目标和用途。

1. StarkEx：StarkEx 是一个针对特定应用的 Layer-2 扩展引擎，主要关注优化以太坊区块链上的单一应用程序的性能。它通过将多个交易批量处理并在链下进行验证，实现了更快速、低成本的交易。主要用于去中心化交易所（DEX）、NFT 市场和游戏等。

2. 通过使用 STARK 证明技术，StarkEx 提供了安全、高效和低成本的交易体验。StarkNet 是一个无需许可的更为通用、完整的 Layer-2 解决方案，它为整个以太坊生态系统提供了一个去中心化的计算平台，开发者可以在其中部署用 Cairo 语言编写的智能合约。

StarkNet 支持与其他合约进行交互，允许丰富的协议组合，并可通过异步消息传递与以太坊合约进行交互。目标是提供一个可扩展、低成本且安全的环境，以便开发者在其上构建和部署智能合约。与 StarkEx 不同，StarkNet 可以看作是一个全面的 Layer-2 操作系统，允许开发者创建各种去中心化应用程序，而不仅仅是针对特定用途的解决方案。

总之，StarkEx 是一个应用特定的 Layer-2 扩展引擎，主要关注特定应用程序的性能优化，而 StarkNet 是一个更为通用、全面的 Layer-2 解决方案，旨在为整个以太坊生态系统提供一个去中心化的计算平台。

Starknet

Starknet 是一个无需许可的去中心化有效性折叠网络（也称为「ZK-Rollup」）。它作为以太坊上的 L2 网络运行，使任何 dApp 都能在不影响以太坊可组合性和安全性的前提下实现无限扩展计算，这要归功于 Starknet 依赖于最安全且最具可扩展性的加密证明系统 STARK。

Starknet 合约和 Starknet 操作系统使用 Cairo 编写 - 支持部署和扩展任何用例，无论业务逻辑如何。Starknet 作为一种去中心化的二层网络解决方案，旨在为去中心化应用（dApp）提供更高的扩展性和性能。通过在以太坊上运行，它可以利用现有的基础设施和安全性，同时提供更高的计算能力。

Cairo 是一种专为 Starknet 设计的编程语言，它旨在简化智能合约的开发和部署。通过使用 Cairo，开发人员可以轻松地为各种用例构建高度可扩展的应用程序，包括金融、游戏、供应链等。

Starknet 是一个 validity rollup，这意味着每个块内的执行都需要被证明，这就是 STARKs 派上用场的地方然而，STARK 证明可以解决以多项式约束语言制定的陈述，并且不了解智能合约的执行。为了克服这个差距，所以开发了 Cairo。

总的来说，Starknet 是一个充满潜力的二层网络解决方案，它可以使现有的 dApp 在扩展性和性能方面迈出重要一步。通过采用 STARK 加密证明系统和 Cairo 编程语言，Starknet 为开发者提供了一个强大且灵活的平台，以满足各种业务需求。

1. StarkEx: StarkEx is the layer-2 scaling solution developed by StarkWare. It allows for the creation of scalable decentralized exchanges and other dApps on Ethereum, while benefiting from the security and decentralization of the Ethereum mainnet.

2. StarkNet Studio: StarkNet Studio is a development environment and toolkit for building and deploying applications on StarkNet. It provides tools, documentation, and resources for developers to create smart contracts, user interfaces, and more.

3. Cairo: Cairo is a high-level programming language developed by StarkWare specifically for creating StarkNet smart contracts. It is used to write and compile the code that runs on StarkNet.

4. zk-Rollups: StarkWare's implementation of zk-Rollups is a fundamental technology within StarkNet. zk-Rollups allow for off-chain computation and on-chain verification, significantly increasing the scalability of Ethereum by aggregating multiple transactions into a single proof.

5. StarkWare's StarkDEX: StarkWare has also developed StarkDEX, which is a decentralized exchange protocol that leverages the StarkNet ecosystem for high-performance trading of digital assets.

6. Ecosystem Partners: The StarkNet ecosystem is not limited to the technologies and components developed by StarkWare alone. It includes various projects, DeFi platforms, and applications built by other teams and developers who are leveraging StarkNet's capabilities.

7. StarkWare Grants: StarkWare offers grants and funding opportunities to support developers and projects that contribute to the growth and innovation of the StarkNet ecosystem.

8. Community: A vibrant and active community of developers, researchers, and enthusiasts contributes to the StarkNet ecosystem, helping it evolve and expand.

Overall, StarkNet is a comprehensive ecosystem aimed at solving scalability issues on the Ethereum blockchain and enabling a wide range of decentralized applications to run efficiently and securely, while maintaining the Ethereum network's security and decentralization principles.

1. Zero-Knowledge Proofs: StarkNet relies on Zero-Knowledge Proofs (ZKPs) for its scalability. Developing efficient and secure ZKPs is a complex task. Ensuring that the proofs are succinct, meaning they don't require a significant amount of data to validate, and that they are resistant to attacks is crucial.

2. Verifier Efficiency: StarkNet needs efficient verifiers to validate the correctness of transactions and computations. Designing these verifiers to work quickly and securely is a challenge.

3. Data Availability and Data Availability Proofs: In a decentralized environment like Ethereum, ensuring that data is available for verification is a challenge. StarkNet needs mechanisms to prove that the data used in the computations is available to all parties.

4. Smart Contract Compatibility: StarkNet needs to be compatible with existing Ethereum smart contracts, which are written in Solidity. Ensuring that Solidity smart contracts can be ported to StarkNet and executed efficiently is a technical challenge.

5. User Experience: StarkNet aims to provide a seamless user experience, which includes low transaction fees, fast confirmation times, and smooth integration with Ethereum. Achieving this while maintaining security is a complex task.

6. Decentralization: StarkNet aims to maintain a high level of decentralization while offering scalability. Balancing these two goals can be technically challenging.

7. EVM Compatibility: StarkNet needs to be compatible with the Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM) to ensure that existing dApps can seamlessly transition to the StarkNet ecosystem.

8. Security: Ensuring the security of the StarkNet protocol, including resistance to various attacks, is a significant technical challenge.

Developers and researchers working on StarkNet are actively addressing these challenges to create a scalable and secure layer 2 solution for Ethereum that can help alleviate some of the network's current limitations.

1. StarkEx: StarkEx is a Layer 2 solution developed by StarkWare for enhancing scalability and performance on Ethereum and other Ethereum-compatible blockchains. It employs zero-knowledge proof technology to compress and verify transaction data on the blockchain, significantly increasing throughput and reducing fees. StarkEx comprises two main components:

   • Generator: This component within the StarkEx system is responsible for generating zero-knowledge proofs, converting transaction data into a compact format, and submitting it to the blockchain.

   • Verifier: Verifiers on the blockchain validate the zero-knowledge proofs generated by the Generator and confirm the validity of transactions, enhancing security and trust.

2. StarkNet: StarkNet is a Layer 2 smart contract platform built on top of StarkEx. It aims to offer Ethereum-compatible smart contract functionality with higher performance and scalability. StarkNet leverages StarkEx technology for transaction processing, reducing costs and increasing throughput. It also supports the Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM), allowing developers to write smart contracts in Solidity and deploy them on StarkNet.

3. StarkWare SDK: StarkWare provides a set of tools and libraries for developing StarkNet smart contracts, including a Solidity compiler, deployment tools, and interfaces for interacting with Ethereum. These tools enable developers to easily migrate their smart contracts to StarkNet and take advantage of its performance benefits.

4. StarkWare Layer 2 Aggregator: This tool, developed by StarkWare, aggregates data from multiple StarkEx instances to further enhance the system's scalability and performance. It allows multiple blockchains to share computational resources effectively through a single StarkWare deployment.

In summary, StarkNet's technological roadmap includes StarkEx as the underlying Layer 2 scalability solution to provide high-performance, low-cost transaction processing for Ethereum. StarkNet, as a Layer 2 smart contract platform built on StarkEx, offers developers an Ethereum-compatible development environment. The combination of these technologies is expected to improve the scalability and performance of the Ethereum ecosystem. Please note that the specific technological roadmap for StarkNet may evolve over time, so it is advisable to check for the latest updates for the most current information.

1. Scalability: StarkNet is a Layer-2 scalability solution that significantly enhances the processing capacity of the Ethereum blockchain. By migrating smart contracts to StarkNet, it can substantially reduce congestion and fees on the Ethereum mainnet, increasing overall throughput.

2. Cost-efficiency: StarkNet leverages zero-knowledge proof technology to dramatically reduce transaction costs on Ethereum. This means that users can conduct transactions and interact with smart contracts more economically, lowering the barrier to entry for blockchain usage.

3. High Security: StarkNet uses zero-knowledge proofs to validate the correctness of transactions and smart contracts, providing a high level of security and tamper resistance. This security makes it an ideal platform for handling sensitive data and assets.

4. High Extensibility: StarkNet's architecture can easily adapt to various use cases, including decentralized finance (DeFi), gaming, supply chain management, and more. This versatility makes it an ideal extension platform for a wide range of blockchain applications.

5. High Performance: StarkNet enables rapid transaction confirmation and smart contract execution, delivering performance levels comparable to traditional centralized applications. This means that users can conduct transactions and interact with smart contracts more quickly.

In summary, the advantages of StarkNet technology lie in its ability to provide high scalability, cost-efficiency, security, extensibility, and performance in blockchain solutions. This makes it a compelling choice for future blockchain application development and usage.

1. Consensus Mechanism:

   • StarkNet: StarkNet relies on zk-rollups, a form of Layer-2 scaling that uses zero-knowledge proofs to achieve consensus. It doesn't rely on the underlying blockchain's consensus mechanism, making it a non-custodial solution.

   • Optimistic Layer-2 Networks: Optimistic Layer-2 networks use an optimistic rollup approach, which relies on the underlying blockchain's security model. They assume that transactions are valid by default and only resort to the blockchain's security if a dispute arises.

2. Security Model:

   • StarkNet: StarkNet offers a higher degree of security and privacy as it relies on cryptographic proofs to ensure the validity of transactions, which are computationally infeasible to forge.

   • Optimistic Layer-2 Networks: Optimistic Layer-2 networks have a security trade-off since they assume the correctness of transactions by default. While they provide significant cost and speed advantages, security relies on timely challenge and dispute resolution on the underlying blockchain.

3. Execution and Settlement:

   • StarkNet: StarkNet's execution and settlement of transactions are decoupled, allowing for faster transaction processing on Layer-2, with settlement on the main chain at a later time.

   • Optimistic Layer-2 Networks: Execution and settlement of transactions are tightly coupled in Optimistic Layer-2 networks. This can lead to longer confirmation times for users, especially during high traffic periods.

4. Developer Experience:

   • StarkNet: StarkNet aims to provide a more user-friendly and developer-friendly experience by enabling smart contract development in popular programming languages like Solidity.

   • Optimistic Layer-2 Networks: Optimistic Layer-2 networks often require developers to write custom code and adapt to the specific architecture of the Layer-2 solution.

5. Token and Asset Support:

   • StarkNet: StarkNet has broader token and asset support, allowing for a wide range of assets and tokens to be transferred and used within its ecosystem.

   • Optimistic Layer-2 Networks: Token support on Optimistic Layer-2 networks may be limited to a subset of the assets available on the Ethereum mainnet.

6. Decentralization:

   • StarkNet: StarkNet's zk-rollup approach promotes a high level of decentralization as validators are responsible for verifying transactions without relying on the trust of a central party.

   • Optimistic Layer-2 Networks: The level of decentralization in Optimistic Layer-2 networks can vary, as they may rely on a smaller number of sequencers or validators.

In summary, while both StarkNet and Optimistic Layer-2 networks aim to enhance the scalability and efficiency of blockchain platforms, they differ in their underlying technologies, security models, execution methods, developer experiences, and decentralization approaches. The choice between them may depend on specific use cases and preferences within the blockchain ecosystem.

1. Scalability: StarkNet is designed to significantly enhance the scalability of the Ethereum network. By moving computational work off the Ethereum mainnet and onto its Layer 2, StarkNet can process a vast number of transactions and smart contract executions quickly and cost-effectively, without clogging the Ethereum mainnet.

2. Near-Instant Transaction Finality: With StarkNet, you can experience lightning-fast transaction finality. This means that transactions and smart contract interactions are confirmed almost instantly, providing a smooth and responsive user experience.

3. Low Transaction Fees: Say goodbye to high gas fees. StarkNet's Layer 2 architecture ensures that transaction costs are significantly reduced, making it affordable for users and developers to interact with the blockchain.

4. Security: StarkNet prioritizes security with its state-of-the-art cryptographic techniques. It leverages zk-Rollups to ensure the highest level of security for your assets and transactions, making it a safe environment for users and developers.

5. Seamless Ethereum Integration: Developers can easily migrate their existing Ethereum-based applications to StarkNet without major code overhauls. This smooth transition allows for an easy adoption process, with no need to rewrite smart contracts or relearn development tools.

6. Smart Contract Support: StarkNet supports smart contracts written in Solidity, one of the most popular programming languages for Ethereum. Developers can leverage their existing knowledge and infrastructure, saving time and effort in the transition to StarkNet.

7. Community and Ecosystem: StarkNet is backed by a growing and vibrant community of developers, businesses, and projects. This strong ecosystem fosters collaboration and innovation, making StarkNet an exciting and dynamic space to be a part of.

8. Layer 2 for Web3: StarkNet is at the forefront of the Web3 revolution, empowering decentralized applications with the speed, efficiency, and affordability they need to thrive in the decentralized world. It's not just about scaling; it's about delivering a seamless Web3 experience.

In summary, StarkNet's Layer 2 network offers scalability, speed, security, and cost-efficiency while seamlessly integrating with the Ethereum ecosystem. It is an exciting and innovative solution for the blockchain community, bringing us closer to realizing the full potential of decentralized applications.

Are you ready to experience the future of decentralized applications? 🌟 Say hello to #StarkNet, your gateway to a new era of blockchain technology! 🚀

🌌 What is StarkNet? StarkNet is a cutting-edge Layer 2 solution for Ethereum, built to enhance the scalability, security, and user-friendliness of decentralized applications. 💡 It's time to take your DApps to the next level!

🌟 Why Choose StarkNet? ✅ Lightning-Fast Speed: Say goodbye to slow and costly transactions! StarkNet offers near-instant transaction finality and ultra-low fees. ⚡ ✅ Unmatched Security: Your assets are safe and sound with StarkNet's robust security measures. 🔐 ✅ Seamless Integration: Easily migrate your Ethereum DApps to StarkNet and enjoy the benefits without hassle. 💼

🛠️ Building on StarkNet: Developers, this is your playground! StarkNet supports smart contracts in Solidity and offers a powerful development environment. 🛠️ Get creative and build the decentralized apps of tomorrow.

🌐 Join the Revolution: Experience the future of Web3 with StarkNet! 🌐 Learn more: [Insert StarkNet Website Link]

website:

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下载地址：

https://chrome.google.com/webstore/detail/similarweb-traffic-rank-w/hoklmmgfnpapgjgcpechhaamimifchmp