The PoS Upgrade, BLS Signature, and AVS Security Functionality

Ethereum has been actively improving its PoS model since its debut in September 2022, transitioning from Proof of Work (PoW) to PoS. The new PoS model required a minimum of 32 ETH for staking on the network. While this made validating on Ethereum less accessible, the transition was beneficial for socio-environmental concerns, drastically reducing energy consumption by 99.9% compared to the previous PoW model.

Staking 32ETH, it’s time to verify the signature of a blockchain version of a John Hancock. Enter BLS (Barreto-Lynn-Shacham) signatures.  It's particularly relevant in the context of PoS and AVS in blockchain technology. This unique style of signature makes PoS tick. Instead of each validator signing every block individually, BLS signatures let them team up and create a single, super-efficient signature.  BLS signatures consist of two pairings, the public key (sk) and private key (pk), known as the key pairings, a message ( m), and a signature denoted by a stylish elliptic curve σt . Below is a breakdown of BLS signature process.

1. Public Key: This is the key used to verify the signature. It's generated by the validator and shared publicly.

2. Private Key: This is the secret key known only to the validator. It's used to create the signature and must be kept secure.

3. Message: The CALLDATA is being signed. In Ethereum, this would typically be a block of transactions or some other piece of network data that needs to be validated.

4. Signature: The output of the signing process. It's generated using the private key and the message.

5. Aggregate Signature: In the case of BLS signatures, multiple individual signatures can be aggregated into a single signature. This aggregate signature represents the combined signing power of all participating validators.

According to a paper by Justin Blake, “It is the pairing property of BLS signatures that allows us to aggregate signatures, thus making the whole consensus protocol practical.” Not to mention, much faster when it comes to verification.  Overall, BLS signatures were introduced to manage validators and nodes, making staking more accessible and verification faster and more efficient. Ethereum uses BLS signatures to identify validators who voted, hold them accountable for verifying, and slash rewards when network requests are not fulfilled.

What is AVS?

Diagram Source: EigenLayer 

An Actively Validated Service (AVS) integrates with Ethereum's consensus layer via the EigenLayer protocol, enabling blockchain applications to utilize Ethereum's security features. The EigenLayer core contract provides opportunities for Ethereum Node operators to offer services to various AVS Clients. Stakers can deposit in EigenLayers' StrategyManager for Liquid Staking Tokens (LST) and then choose DelegationManager to delegate to a node operator on ETH. Each AVS client has its own set of reward mechanisms and slashing conditions for node operators, written in its own set of contracts called the ServiceManager. AVSs enable Stakers to use their LSTs across multiple protocols, providing flexibility and additional rewards while ensuring economic security.  In addition, the withdrawal process for Stakers is also the responsibility of the  DelegationManager or state through uint256 public withdrawalDelayBlocks and takes a week to complete.

Ethereum’s Ever-Growing Data Management: EigenLayer's Response to Ethereum's Scalability Challenge

When ETH validators can only operate within ETH's staking protocol, fewer people can participate in validating nodes. The reason is that people value scalability and decentralization and if you want both, like the ability to run nodes easily, you have to make additional conditions. Now, while EigenLayer shares some similarities with traditional BLS signatures explained above, it's got its own unique flair.

First up, picture some AVS metadata sprinkled in.

AVS metadata includes information associated with participating in AVS liquidity within the EigenLayer protocol. This metadata provides context and details about the validators, the type of AVS service being provided, and any specific conditions or requirements related to the validation process, including the “withdrawal process” also known as the “unbonding period.”  This adds extra info about the validator, the type of AVS service, and any interesting conditions they have to meet during validation. Think of it as adding some extra spice to the usual BLS signature process. Then, EigenLayer lays down the law with specific rules for validators to follow. These rules are like the secret sauce that keeps the validation process fair and secure. It also includes reward contract elements likeOperatorDetailssince multiple Stakers can exist.

Additionally, EigenLayer might jazz up the aggregation techniques or high-level decentralized finance strategies. Picture this: a slick algorithm that combines signatures from multiple validators methods called the StrategyManager and EigenPodManager. It's like watching a symphony of signatures coming together to make magic happen.

Last but not least, EigenLayer might even throw in some Ethereum contract wizardry. This means handling all the nitty-gritty details of interacting with smart contracts, storing data, and executing functions seamlessly. Now, when ETH validators can only operate within ETH's staking protocol, fewer people can participate in validating nodes. This is because people value scalability and decentralization, and you can't have both if running nodes requires storing constant, ever-growing amounts of data. Vitalik Buterin emphasized during ETH CC5 that the protocol wouldn't be directly responsible for storing this ever-growing data, prioritizing scalability and decentralization. This is why EigenDA and AVS are built and deployed on EigenLayer, the key solution to Ethereum's data availability dilemma. By extension, this unlocks Re-Staking opportunities for ETH validators, securing the future of AVS solutions. ****

The Future of AVS and DAOs

As crypto enters its sophisticated era, DAOs have become the game-changers in organizational structures, elevating decentralized decision-making like never before. But here's the kicker: when you pair them with AVS and EigenLayer, this is where the magic happens! These integrations let DAOs tap into Ethereum's consensus layer, boosting governance security and efficiency. It's like giving DAOs a shot at B12 for innovation and collaboration, shaping the future of decentralized governance in the Ethereum ecosystem.

AVS Applications and Composability

Since EigenLayer's debut, major ETH Stakers like Lido and Coinbase have supported ETH Restaking initiatives to accelerate the growth of AVSs. If you’re interested in live activity and updates, websites like EthRestaking.com track all the dapps building solutions, including Ethos and Espresso.

Resources for Further Learning

For more information on AVSs and Ethereum's evolving ecosystem, you can refer to resources like the following glossary:

• https://docs.eigenlayer.xyz/eigenlayer/overview/key-terms

• https://eth2book.info/capella/part2/building_blocks/signatures/

• https://docs.eigenlayer.xyz/eigenda/overview

• https://hackmd.io/@benjaminion/bls12-381

• https://x.com/dabit3/status/1806712132475469855

I had a blog for years but when I finally decided to make it a business, I ran into several challenges with hosting platforms and tools that prevented me from operating at my best. To make matters worse, these issues forced me to use my platform as a martyr.

This was not good for me or the readers of the blog.  

At The Violet Verse, we create and reimagine content in futuristic formats to engage, excite and attract like-minded people across the world. We explore topics and take a stance on technology. We welcome debate and discourse while providing stages and opportunities to come to meaningful solutions so that everyone wins. 

Creators are the heartbeat of culture and valuable beyond publishing. Violet Verse aims to provide longevity for on-chain readers and reward engagement with $VV tokens. In addition, our approach is centered on community media. When readers earn a certain amount of $VV tokens, they are eligible to contribute to our protocol through our unique and stylish creator content management system. Our customized creator dashboard integrates web3 infrastructure and we will continue to provide bridges to other networks and NFTs.

We believe in empowering our readers by offering royalties when other readers spend time on their content. This infrastructure will truly have a circular effect on our ecosystem. As readers engage, they earn; and as readers spend on token-gated content, a percentage of tokens go back to the creator and the platform. Our token utility varies in physical and digital offerings. Just like Violet Summer Zine, The Verse aims to provide the highest caliber of products to its community. 

The Violet Verse believes in collaborations that accelerate our roadmap. We only invest in ideas/proposals that are uniquely aligned with our core values and mission. Our community keeps us accountable. We are practitioners of regenerative finance (ReFi). A percentage of our token supply is allocated for ReFi partners to mint and burn tokens based on contractual agreements and branded content campaigns in the luxury lifestyle industry. This will not only add value to token holders but also create strong partners with on-chain accountability. Moreover, we are excited to explore a range of DeFi interactions through the VV community wallet.

As a serial entrepreneur and intellectually curious creator, my mission is to build the future that I believe in. 

My vision for the future is one where people have the freedom of choice and a chance to pursue their passion. With an off-the-charts talent, I can't wait to take Violet Verse to the moon.

Connect To The Verse:

https://www.violetverse.io/

✨🥂 Violet Summer

** 💁🏽‍♀️ Part 1: How We Got Here** 💁🏽‍♀️

You have to surrender to the process of defining who you are and your relationship to how you make a living. This is especially true for creatives or people in a creative field, where your IP and network are your social capital. When I started working in the media and marketing spaces a decade ago, the culture and the way we were going to do business were in transition. Businesses were just starting to create revenue-generating digital products online. With the onslaught of the 24-hour news cycle, cable news and CNN provided round-the-clock coverage of live TV, global events, and cultural moments in the United States. It also gave rise to user-generated content and bloggers as the new face of opinion editorials.

    As a budding journalist in the early 2010s, I quickly adapted this cadence and started producing and writing blogs, editing youtube videos, and digitizing live content into podcasts. My career was all about problem-solving random computer-to-business interactions that were outside of the tech department’s help with printing collated booklets and paper jams. I was hands-on in developing corporations’ digital strategies and getting recognized and rewarded as an intern. Still, I found time to enjoy my passion for writing as a lifestyle journalist. I loved the free products and press trips, but above all, writing about people, places, and culture stuff fed my curiosity. Yet, working in these two separate fields, presented this weird mix of imposter syndrome and fear of being judged by my 9-5 counterparts. This is partially due to corporate structures wanting their workforce to be focused and committed to doing the job they were hired to do, and nothing else. This was the overall sentiment before the birth of eCommerce, influencers, and the gig economy. 

   To navigate this as a newbie, I quickly realized I had to compartmentalize my life – the freelance writer who travels and uses personal days from the corporate gigs, boxed into the corporate giger feeling undervalued and under-appreciated. By the time 2015 rolled around, like many of my colleagues at the time, the rise of social media allowed us to become obsessed with building the life we wanted, showing it off on the weekends, and those of us that got lucky, we got paid consulting fees. Even if we were cool entrepreneurs, a large percentage of us struggled to be “ramen profitable.” 

To switch gears a bit, in the 90s, there were limited ways to make a living, and being caught between the digital and traditional spaces allowed more opportunities to come through if we hustled. According to the US Bureau of Labor, in 2010, the percentage of new businesses hit an all-time low. Among new businesses less than 1-year-old, they were not producing any employment opportunities. The economy was in rough shape, and just thinking about that time when I graduated college, the only jobs available on sites like Indeed, were for senior and junior level roles. 

By the time I figured out how to make money as a creative entrepreneur, the competition had grown tremendously. By 2017, there were already bloggers making over $100,000 and cryptocurrency was starting to be adopted by niche audiences on Reddit, Youtube, and WordPress providing the tools to reach large audiences online and share decentralized information. However, most of us were still siloed from the information. When I decided to write about technology concerning human interactions and lifestyle, revenge porn, online harassment, and scams had already formed their tactics and targeted women of color and urban communities negatively. Society was split between computer workers versus labor and hospitality sectors. Add e-commerce to the mix, and people were struggling to find an identity. 

Today, over 65% of Gen Zers want to be an influencer or have a career in the creator economy. There’s this mass exodus from what we know as corporate cubicle life to making a living, and it’s shifting to more open and remote work. People started to see the value in themselves, and like I wrote in my previous post, companies don’t go global, people do. 

My journey to Web3 and DAO contributions started years ago. I was laid off four years in a row, and by the fourth time, I was already in my second year of paying business taxes to the state of New York. I utilized my corporate skills to help small businesses establish marketing campaigns and social media content. I was grateful enough to always have inbound leads from media people I knew in the fashion and music industries who always supported me by referring to freelance business. I was writing biographies, ghostwriting articles, and managing social accounts. It was great to know that I could make money with my skills garnered over the years.

I had become accustomed to working at fast-paced tech companies and it has been my reality for years before the remote work lifestyle. It’s what helped me maintain my side-hustle and I was able to be away from my desk at least 3-5x a month. The social anxiety I struggled with early in my career was quickly fading. If my 9-5 job was a burden or disrupting my passions, I simply quit. This also gave rise to sustainability as a business practice. Mission-driven companies were popping up all over, and everyone wanted to work at one, or at least fawn over places like Google, which promoted free snacks and riding scooters in the office. 

Today, I’m hopeful that decentralized work will be the primary structure for making a living, but a strong case for DAOs must be met with intention and authenticity. The pandemic ushered in a new way of working and the greater half of the millennials who eat avocado toast did not want to compromise their newfound lifestyle. In November 2021, there were over 11.6 million job openings and this reflected US employers’ demand for workers. However, when the world started to open, workers weren’t rushing to go back to long commutes to the office. The mundaneness of it all had become toxic. The Great Resignation was one of the biggest trends that came out of sheltering in place. People were quitting and investing in things that brought them happiness and the freedom to do what they wanted with time. This gave way to the creator economy and the work-from-anywhere culture. 

🌴 Part 2: Hot DAO Summer 🌴

This is essentially what drove me to Web3 and participate in DAOs. Based on my last post, DAOs can create circular economies with transparent governance. However, the community needs to be constantly cared for and maintained. There’s no DAO if the community is not willing to build. 

It’s been over two years and I’m just now starting to understand what it takes to be in a DAO or how to start one from scratch. My journey with DAOs (Decentralized Autonomous Organizations) came full circle recently as a full-time Web3 builder and contributor. The first time I got asked to be in a DAO was after the Bitcoin Miami Conference in 2021. I had met a bunch of Z Cash Maxis at a Shitcoin event in Wynwood and became interested in the coin’s privacy mission. I knew I was a part of the community because of the Telegram chat and Discord server discussions. I’d participate in weekly meetings about submitting proposals to the overall governance boards and set up a node to start validating transactions, sending, and receiving $ZCash. I became so active that I was nominated to write a weekly message of sorts that would be encrypted and airdropped to members who held the same token. 

Months later, I got asked to be in another women-led DAO during a blockchain conference in Europe. I happily obliged to be in an organization and knew that my name would be used for an engagement farm and win grants. It didn't take long for me to learn that I wasn’t prepared for the nuance of maintaining a relationship by filtering feedback from the community. Not only was this a new type of way to engage my consulting services, I was weighing in on human resource issues, leading discussions, and fielding office gossip.The worst part about being a sounding board in a DAO is that there's no conflict resolution or accountability. Issues rarely get resolved with both parties happy. When someone is being mis-treated within a traditional organization, you can report the issue to a mutual third party like human resources. If you have conflict outside of work, if it’s serious you can sue someone and go to court, like the Amber Heard and Johnny Depp’s multi-million dollar defamation and abuse case.  

Consequently, if you have any issues in a DAO, good luck! This is the part that needs extensive work and governance. When you're active in a DAO, you can feel oscillated if you have an issue. If you’re not used to speaking up for yourself, going through conflict in a decentralized structure can be emotionally draining and annoying. 

When I went through my first DAO dispute, I was baffled and drained from keeping up with everyone involved. This dispute took place on Telegram. There were a lot of disagreements around mismanaged funds and who was left out of decision-making meetings. After dozens of messages between DAO leaders located all over the globe, I decided to take my conflict to a public forum because the community was still new. I felt rebellious and a bit guilty, but I intended to let the community know how I was being treated about compensation. Turns out, the community was listening in the public and private. One person offered access to DAO tooling, another person offered to step up as a mediator. The conflict was ultimately resolved by people voting to pay people. My comment was for the community to gather their sentiments and perhaps figure out if they wanted to be a part of change. In the end, based on people’s responses, I assumed many did not care.  In retrospect, I could have done a better job at keeping this conflict amongst the people involved, and perhaps, negotiated a lower fee in hopes to be paid sooner. Though, a part of me wanted to explore what it meant to operate in a “DAO” with the resources available and the idea of operating in public. I know I am not alone in my experience because I’ve witnessed discourse on Clubhouse and Twitter Spaces, where large groups come together to discuss the mishaps of one person. It can be brutal, and I suspect that this is something that celebrities have to navigate with their fanbase. Bottom line, being in a DAO can be a lot to take on if you decide to go full-time or pursue a crypto hobby. 

When we think of Web3, it's hard not to picture a world where everyone is equal. Where no one is left behind, and everyone has the opportunity to succeed. And yet, when I talk to people in the trenches—the ones who are actually working on building out this new world—it turns out that many are experiencing issues with compensation and getting paid. Several of my close friends and colleagues are experiencing various forms of this type of rugging. Meanwhile, this is largely happening on backchannels like Discord and Telegram, where newly-formed decentralized interest groups can't figure out how to pay their contributors or don't want to set up a system for doing so. Imagine if Web3 was truly about equity and fairness?

The most apparent comparison of the economic token-based DAO and the social token-based DAO is that the intentions are different. In Web3, everything happens all at once. Market crashes or has its ebbs and flows, and people get weird. Another point is that my participation in the aforementioned DAOs wasn’t backed by any contracts. I met them, and within days I was suddenly building something on a permissionless protocol. Some economic-based DAOs can be low maintenance because they are direct to the point. If all else fails, all DAOs should become “come as you are,” a well-moderated diverse community. When a DAO can recognize their shortfalls and respond to the community with alternative solutions, that’s going to make everyone belong and stay relevant. ** **

🛠Part 3: What moves people to contribute to DAOs, anyways?🛠

** **Earlier this year, I discovered the work of Dr. John Gabrielsen. As a former Ph.D. student at Yale University, Dr. Gabrielsen is an expert in the field of Human Design, a system that teaches how our lives are influenced by rays (or dimensions) of energy emanating from our birth star constellations. It just so happens that one of these rays in my chart corresponds to one of the 12 archetypes found in Human Design --the freelance archetype. This ray is a "people person" and is thus someone who likes to direct his or her energies towards people and helping them. It was this finding that led me to examine DAOs based on personalities that match with my human design chart. I believe that the future of work will be shaped by social principles. These are good indicators for risk-averse people to use when choosing to be involved with a new DAO and figuring out where they want to go in Web3. Here are a few to consider:

** ✨** Determination Theory

Take a look at a Determination Theory. It was developed by a group of scientists who were trying to figure out why some people can make changes in their lifespans while others aren't. They found that the most successful people were those who could keep going when all seemed lost, and they called this trait determination. People are motivated by monetary rewards but they are equally determined by their curiosities, values, and interests.

I think this is an interesting theory because it explains why different generations, specifically millennials and gen z or even the computer generation are determined to redefine the future of work. It can even explain why some people are so bullish on cryptocurrency. Determination Theory is why some people can accomplish things that seem impossible, while others fail at tasks that seem easy for them. Apply this concept to DAOs and it can justify why we are better in numbers. If we get people together by a set of principles, perhaps that will be an even bigger reason to join DAOs.  

✨Human Design

 Furthermore, we can establish practices that allow people to figure out who they are so they can make better choices for themselves. For example, we use human design—a process developed by Drunvalo Melchizedek—to help us understand and express our gifts and talents so that we can use them to contribute more effectively to our DAO. This process helps us decrease burnout and disappear more quickly when things aren’t working out so

I believe that online communities can be even more authentic and intentional by integrating self-expression and self-awareness. Studies show that if you’re not being honest with yourself, your work won’t be as good, and your relationships will suffer because you’re only giving half of yourself to them. Like I learned earlier in my career, compartmentalizing what I loved and what I was curious about only made me bitter about making money. And it’s probably part of the reason why a lot of rich people are unhappy. 

 As a decentralized organization, we can't force anyone to join us or stay with us. Instead, we have to earn our members' trust and respect by inviting them to be their authentic selves—and then showing them that in doing so, they will be rewarded.

✨Radical Transparency

For this to work, though, we need a clear understanding of what it means to be your "authentic self" in the context of our organization. That's why we have created a concept called "radical transparency."

Radical transparency means that all members of the organization agree to share their entire life—their thoughts, feelings, experiences, and even their flaws—to build trust among one another. It also means that no member is allowed to hold back any piece of themselves from other members without first allowing others access to whatever they are keeping hidden.

In closing, this is just food for thought as you navigate the dark forest of DAOs and crypto culture. Whatever is exciting you or you're passionate about, go all in, rip it apart and make sure your needs and boundaries are at the center of the conversation. Honor that space between yourself and your intuition. Know when you're doing something that falls within your worth and look at your human design channels to make your experience in Web3 a success. 

*

Thank you for collecting this Writing NFT. All collectors will gain access to exclusive case studies and DAO resources on The Violet Verse, coming summer 2022.*

Part 1 of Companies don’t go global; people do.

The attraction of DAOs is that they have the range to eliminate barriers to building communities – a range that promotes forward-thinking collaboration embedded in the blockchain. NFT art platform Foundation recently highlighted several creative groups who have taken the leap into operating in the DAO space, including Twitter-organized group PleasrDAO, which recently crowdfunded $ETH to bid on a rare NFT piece from infamous political figure Edward Snowden. HerStoryDAO founder Cyn Behati is also forming a DAO to capture and monetize Black female storytelling.

Although use cases are still developing, we cannot overlook the fact that these organizations are a very new way of doing business, whether from a non-profit or for-profit viewpoint. DAOs aim to (and will) switch the game up. They are the business version of that saying, “what are you bringing to the cookout?” Usually, you flex with your best dish or bring something that every cookout needs, like paper plates, ice, etc. The same can be applied to DAOs and how to contribute and get rewarded on chain. They could be viewed as for-purpose business structures, where everyone benefits and there are no secrets because the role of the blockchain is to synthesize transparency. They may compete with or provide solutions for companies within the same industry – or perhaps share the same mission statements.

Model 2 provides a competitive analysis of DAOs and how they function with other open-source entities. Open-source is an ideology where everything can be cloned and remixed to how you want it. If you buy a pair of Jordan sneakers and you don’t like the color, you could recreate them to your liking and then sell your remixed version to your community without getting sued. The original person who made the sneakers would still get credit because they’re the originator. This has never been the case for traditional companies. Intellectual property is locked deep in vaults, along with money, gold, and other valuables, untraceable on balance sheets or not made available to the employees that keep the company fresh and prospering. This is why DAOs may be more attractive to Black-owned companies who have been disproportionately left out of capitalistic bull runs. Yet, the majority of Black-owned businesses have an underlying mission to empower their communities. They trade goods and services based on trust and conviction. I deeply admire The Roots Collective and Miami Dade County Street Response in South Florida. These organizations have dedicated their time, attention and resources to feeding, clothing and providing healthcare to hundreds of underserved people for FREE. They don’t know much about crypto and Web3, but their community-centered infrastructure that has thrived for years without government assisted grants and political support speaks volumes to how much a DAO structure could make their modern Black power business even more powerful on chain.

According to Investopedia: “Ninety-six percent of Black-owned businesses were non employer firms, compared to 80% of all small businesses. Thirty-two percent of Black-owned employer firms were in the healthcare and social services sector.”

The opportunities are endless for individuals who are motivated by the idea of functioning in a for-purpose world. Here are three ways DAOs shake up the economically-sound cultural landscape:

1 - DAOs are led by no hierarchical structures and rely on blockchain governance. Model 2 best illustrates how existing entities can follow governance with open- source signals. DAOs consist of computer protocols that make decisions based on pre-set nodes tied to incentives and rewards. Imagine a world of employee self-management, absent of corporate policing that gets in the way of success and growth. A world where tasks are shared on an unbiased scale and new technologies, like Filecoin and Meroxa Data, are used to shape the future of automated processes for multi-functioning teams. DAOs are the entry point to get people into the Crypto environment. As we move into a world where NFTs and smart contracts become mass adopted, additional layers for how we function as a society will also need to connect – to marry these concepts on what business truly means in the 21st century.

2 - With DAOs, tomorrow’s creative agencies, NGOs, and Africa-based fintech companies can re-establish and switch the game up, centering it on people-driven interests and rewarding good contributions and behavior. Currently, black people make up about 12.3 percent of the US workforce and black women are starting new businesses faster than any other demographic. If we zero in on why black women are starting their own businesses, it’s because they don’t benefit from traditional business models that historically weren’t made for them to succeed in the first place. DAOs are about wealth redistribution and how creative people can be with doing business. The late NAACP Political Strategist Ella Jo Baker was legendary in organizing movements based on non- traditional models.

In this JStor research paper excerpt below, Ella Baker, the well-known mother of the Civil Rights Movement, writes about capitalism and why it has harmed Blacks in the workforce:

“The roots ... of the Bronx Slave Market spring from: (1) the general ignorance of and apathy to- wards organized labor action; (2) the artificial barriers that separate the interest of the relief administrators and investigators from that of their “case loads,” the white collar and professional worker from the laborer and domestic; and (3) organized labor’s limited concept of exploitation, which permits it to fight vigorously to secure itself against evil, yet passively or actively aids and abets the ruthless destruction of Negroes.” -- ELLA BAKER, ‘BLACK WOMEN’S WORK’ AND ACTIVIST INTELLECTUALS via JStor

Ella Baker gained prominence in the political sector for organizing and strategizing with the NAACP. She was skilled in organizing and was well-respected for her thought leadership in the 1960s. I was drawn to her work and research as a political scientist studying for structure design of organizations. Baker's work on structure is important because she realized that having structures, rules, and procedures can be used beyond the organizational level (Costigan & Hayes). Her significant contributions to the Civil Rights Movement have led to many activities being named after her such as the Ella Baker Center for Human Rights and the Ella Baker Day of Service. She is an inspiration to me as a political scientist because of her thorough research, strategy skills, commitment to social justice movements, and ability to lead while empowering those who participated in grassroots movements.

I wonder what could have happened if she had the power of blockchain to move currency freely or create her own currency to carry out her mission?

3 - As we begin to refine the way we build products to scale across Africa and Asia and into the global diaspora, we note that DAOs are borderless and speak all languages. Business owners won’t have to register a company to add a new region of interest. Federal taxes or unpredictable international legal ramifications – which keep many businesses from expanding to global markets – will be reallocated to creators, organizers, and tokens for the betterment of the movement.

It’s become conventional wisdom in the business world that companies don’t go global; people do. I completely agree. People have been (and will still be) an intellectual asset. Staying influential in a changing technological space means surviving and thriving on business trends, while still being able to dream up new ways to innovate and forecast what comes next.

This article was originally published in March 2021 in Violet Summer’s Crypto in the City column. It has been lightly edited for brevity. Prior to writing this article, I was not actively participating in any DAOS. Part 2 of my experience with DAOS is coming soon.