First things first, let's talk about what blockchain actually is. It's basically a digital ledger that records transactions in a secure and transparent way. Sounds pretty straightforward, right? Well, don't be fooled. Blockchain is actually incredibly complex and requires a lot of technical knowledge to implement. But don't let that scare you off. You don't need to understand how it works to take advantage of it. That's what consultants are for.

So, how can you use blockchain to build a new business? The possibilities are endless, really. You can use it to create a decentralized platform for anything from social media to e-commerce. The key is to make sure that you're using blockchain for no good reason other than it's cool and trendy.

Once you have your grand idea, it's time to build your blockchain application. Just hire a team of blockchain developers and let them work their magic. Don't worry about the cost. It's worth it to be on the cutting edge of technology. Just make sure to sell your car and mortgage your house to pay for it.

But wait, there's more! You can also create your own cryptocurrency to go along with your blockchain application. Just because there are already thousands of cryptocurrencies out there doesn't mean you can't create your own. And who knows, maybe yours will be the one that takes over the world. Just don't forget to have a ridiculous name and a catchy slogan. That's the key to success.

Once you have your blockchain application and cryptocurrency, it's time to market it to the world. Make sure to use lots of buzzwords like "decentralized", "distributed", and "immutable". Throw in some jargon about smart contracts and consensus algorithms. And don't forget to use "disruptive" at least once in every sentence. That's how you'll attract all the hip investors.

And speaking of investors, make sure to hold an initial coin offering (ICO) to raise money for your new business. It's like an IPO, but for cryptocurrencies. Just promise the moon and the stars and hope that no one actually reads your whitepaper. If all goes well, you'll be a millionaire in no time. And if not, well, at least you can say you tried.

In conclusion, blockchain applications are the way of the future. If you're not using them in your business, you're missing out on all the fun. Just remember to make sure that you're using blockchain for no good reason other than it's trendy and cool. And don't forget to mortgage your house to pay for it. Good luck, and may the blockchain be with you.

Bitcoin is a relatively new type of money that is not based on a physical commodity, but instead is a digital currency that is created and stored using complex algorithms. Bitcoin has gained popularity as an alternative to traditional forms of money, and it has been the subject of much debate among economists.

Commodity Money

Commodity money has a number of advantages over other types of money. One of the key advantages is that it has intrinsic value, which means that it is not dependent on the backing of a government or other entity. This can help to maintain the stability of the currency, as the value of the commodity is not subject to the same fluctuations as fiat currency.

Commodity money is also highly durable, which means that it can be used for long periods of time without deteriorating in value. This makes it an attractive store of value for individuals who are looking to preserve their wealth over long periods of time.

However, there are also disadvantages to using commodity money. One of the main disadvantages is that it can be difficult to transport and store large amounts of the commodity. This can make it impractical for large-scale transactions and can limit its usefulness as a medium of exchange.

Bitcoin

Bitcoin is a digital currency that operates using a decentralized network of computers. It is not backed by any government or entity, and it is created and stored using complex algorithms that ensure its security and validity.

One of the key advantages of Bitcoin is that it is highly portable and can be easily transferred between individuals. This makes it an attractive medium of exchange for individuals who need to make transactions over long distances.

Bitcoin is also highly secure, as it is backed by a network of computers that work together to ensure the validity of each transaction. This can help to prevent fraud and other types of financial crime.

However, there are also disadvantages to using Bitcoin. One of the main disadvantages is that it is highly volatile, and its value can fluctuate widely over short periods of time. This can make it a risky investment for individuals who are looking to preserve their wealth over long periods of time.

Another disadvantage of Bitcoin is that it is not widely accepted as a form of payment, and many businesses do not yet accept it as a form of payment.

Comparison

Oh, Bitcoin as commodity money? That's a great idea. I mean, what's more valuable than a digital code that can be replicated and sent across the world with the click of a button? Move over gold and silver, there's a new sheriff in town!

Seriously though, if we're going to treat Bitcoin as commodity money, we need to consider its intrinsic value. And what is that, you ask? The cost of producing and maintaining the network that secures and verifies Bitcoin transactions. Ah, yes, the cost of electricity and fancy computer equipment. Sounds like a stable store of value to me.

But hey, at least Bitcoin is highly portable and has low transaction costs, right? And who needs physical commodity money when you can have digital code that can be sent through the internet? Plus, the fact that Bitcoin is not widely accepted as a form of payment and its value can be highly volatile just adds to the fun and excitement of using it as a store of value.

So, let's all jump on the Bitcoin bandwagon and treat it as the new gold standard. After all, what could possibly go wrong with using a digital commodity that's subject to the whims of the market and could potentially be replaced by the next hot cryptocurrency trend? It's a surefire recipe for stability and security.

One of the unique aspects of DAOs is that they offer opportunities for members to earn income. Members of a DAO can earn income by contributing their skills, knowledge, or resources to the organization. This can include tasks such as developing new products, providing customer support, or participating in the decision-making process.

DAOs also offer opportunities for members to invest in the organization and earn a share of the profits. Members can invest in the DAO by purchasing tokens, which represent a share of ownership in the organization. As the organization grows and generates profits, members can earn a return on their investment.

Additionally, DAOs can also offer incentives to members who contribute to the organization's success. For example, a DAO in the gaming industry could reward players who contribute to the development of the game or help to build the community. In this way, DAOs offer opportunities for members to earn income while also contributing to the success of the organization.

There are many use cases for DAOs, including in industries such as decentralized finance (DeFi), gaming, governance, charity, and art. As the Web3 ecosystem continues to evolve, DAOs are likely to become an increasingly important part of the digital landscape. With their unique opportunities for earning income and contributing to the success of the organization, DAOs offer a new and exciting way to participate in the digital economy.

Advantages of DAOs

DAOs offer a number of advantages over traditional organizations. For one, they are highly transparent and open, which means that members can easily see how the organization is being run and how decisions are being made. This transparency also helps to prevent fraud and corruption, as all transactions and decisions are recorded on the public blockchain.

Another advantage of DAOs is that they are highly efficient. Because they are run by smart contracts, there is no need for intermediaries or third parties, which reduces costs and speeds up transactions. This also means that DAOs can operate 24/7, without any need for human intervention.

Finally, DAOs are highly scalable, which means that they can grow and adapt quickly to changing circumstances. This is because they are designed to operate in a decentralized way, which means that they can easily add new members and expand their operations.

Use cases for DAOs

There are a number of use cases for DAOs, and they are being used in a variety of industries. Some of the most popular use cases for DAOs include:

• Decentralized finance (DeFi): DAOs are being used in the DeFi industry to create decentralized exchanges, lending platforms, and other financial products.

• Gaming: DAOs are being used in the gaming industry to create decentralized game worlds and to allow players to own and control in-game assets.

• Governance: DAOs are being used to create decentralized governance structures for cities, countries, and other organizations.

• Charity: DAOs are being used to create decentralized charities that are run by their members.

• Art: DAOs are being used to create decentralized art platforms that allow artists to sell their work directly to buyers.

บทความนี้เป็นบทความแปลจาก

https://axelar.network/axelar-newsletter - december-edition

ในปี 2021 ที่กำลังจะจบไป จดหมายของเดือนนะจะมาทบทวนเป้าหมาย และการเดินทางของ Axelar ทั้งปี และแบ่งปันถึงข่าวสารล่าสุดที่จากทีมงาน Axelar

ภาพที่ดึงมาจาก coinhippo ที่แสดงถึงเครือข่ายทดสอบของ Axelar ที่ได้เชื่อมต่อไปยัง Ethereum, Fantom, Polygon, Moonbeam, Avalanche และ เครือข่าย EVM อื่น สามารถดูเรื่องร่าวเกี่ยวกับเครือข่ายทดสอบได้ ที่นี่

เราได้สร้างอะไรไปบ้างในปี 2021

เครือข่ายกระจายศูนย์, โปรโตคอล, APIs

Axelar มีพันธกิจที่จะเชื่อมโยง web3 เข้าด้วยกันตลอดปี 2021 พวกเราได้มีความก้าวหน้าในการสร้างรากฐานสำหรับแพลทฟอร์ม Axelar เพื่อเป็นแพลทฟอร์มสารพัดการเชื่อมต่อ ที่จะช่วยเชื่อมต่อโลกของบล็อคเชนผ่านเครือข่ายกระจายศูนย์ และมี SDK ของโปรโตคอล รวมไปถึง APIs

ใช้งานเครือข่ายและนักพัฒนาชุด SDK จะมีประสิทธิภาพในการรวมเครือข่ายและแอพพลิเคชั่นข้ามระบบบล็อคเชนทั้งหมดเข้าด้วยกัน ที่จะทำให้เข้าถึงได้มากขึ้นทั้งผู้ใช้งาน สินทรัพย์ สภาพคล่อง และแอพพลิเคชั่นอื่นๆ

Over the course of 2021, we have made great strides in laying the foundation for the Axelar Platform, a universal interoperability platform that connects all blockchains through a decentralized network and an SDK of protocols and APIs.

Using the network and SDK developers can efficiently integrate their networks and applications across all blockchain ecosystems, creating greater access to users, assets, liquidity and other applications.

Axelar ช่วยทำให้เกิดสิ่งเหล่านี้:

• สินทรัพย์สภาพคล่องที่จะถูกแบ่งปันข้ามเครือข่าย

• สามารถทำให้แอพพลิเคชั่นรองรับการทำงานข้ามเครือข่ายบล็อคเชนได้ด้วย APIs

• นักพัฒนาสร้างสร้างบนเครือข่ายใดก็ได้ และเชื่อมต่อไปยังทุกเครือข่าย

• ผู้ใช้งาน สามารถเข้าถึงด้วยแอพ หรือเครือข่าย ใดก็ได้ ด้วยสินทรัพย์ชนิดใดก็ได้

อยากรู้เพิ่มเติมเกี่ยวกับ Axelar ไหมละ?*ผู้ร่วมก่อตั้ง Axelar Georgios Vlachos ดำดิ่งเข้าสู่ user cased ไปกับ Justin Tollip, CEO ของ Pangolin DEX และ พาร์ทเนอร์เริ่มต้นของ Axelar*ฟังการถาม-ตอบ ได้ที่นี่

Axelar กำลังรับสมัครพนักงาน!

ดูตำแหน่งที่เปิดรับ

การมีส่วนร่วมของชุมชน และ การเติบโต

พวกเราตื่นเต้นกับการมีส่วนร่วมของชุมชนชาว Axelar และการเติบโตในปีนี้ สำหรับโปรเจ็กต์ที่อยู่ในระยะก่อนเริ่มต้น ขอบทุกสำหรับความสนใจและการมีส่วนรวมตลอดปี พวกเราอดใจรอไม่ไหวที่จะแสดงสิ่งที่เราจะมีในปี 2022

ในปีนี้ พวกเราเปิดตัวเครือข่ายทดสอบของ Axelar สำหรับนักพัฒนา และ Quantum Community Program สำหรับสมาชิกในชุมชนที่ไม่ถนัดงานด้านเทคนิค นอกจากนี้สมาชิกในชุมชนได้เปิดตัวศูนย์การเรียนรู้ของเขาเอง กับ Axelar Academy

สังคมของ Axelar และชุมชน ได้เพิ่มสูงขึ้นจากจุดที่เราเริ่มต้น โดยส่วนมากจะเป็นส่วนของ Discord Server เรา (ซึ่มเริ่มต้นเมื่อเดือนสิงหาคมนี่เอง) และ Twitter ที่มีจำนวนผู้ติดตามใกล้เคียงกับผู้อื่นสูงมากกว่า 16k ผู้ติดตาม พวกเราภูมิใจที่เราได้ชุมชนระดับโลก และมันพึ่งจะเริ่มต้นขึ้น

ค่ายนักพัฒนาที่เมืองโตรอนโต้

ในช่วงต้นเดือนธันวาคม ทีมของเราส่วนใหญ่เดินถามข้ามซีกโลกไปยังเมืองโตรอนโต้ เป็นเวลา 10 วัน สำหรับการพัฒนา วางแผน และสร้างทีม หลังจากที่เราทำงานทางไกลกันมากกว่าหนึ่งปี นี่เป็นครั้งแรกที่ทีมงานได้พบเจอตัวจริงกัน

ขณะนั้น เราได้ข่าวที่น่าตื่นเต้นถึงจุดหมายใหม่ด้วยเครือข่ายทดสอบ ส่วนที่สำคัญที่สุดคือกระบวนการที่ทำให้การรองรับบล็อคเชนใหม่ๆนั้น มีประสิทธิภาพ และสามารถใช้งานได้ในไม่กี่คำสั่ง ในไม่กี่นาที คุณสามารถอ่านเพิ่มเติมเกี่ยวกับการอัพเดทเครือข่ายทดสอบได้ที่นี่

สัมภาษและตอบคำถามตลอดเดือนที่ผ่านมา พวกเราได้จัดสัมภาษ และตอบคำถามกับนักวิชาการบล็อคเชนอย่างเช่น Chjango Unchained, Cryptocito และ Journal du Coin, พาร์ทเนออย่าง Pangolin, ซึ่งทีมของเราได้พูดครอบคลุมถึงเรื่องเครือข่ายทดสอบ และเรื่องล่าสุดอย่าง Network Rewards and Fee parameters

twitter.com%2Fi%2Fspaces%2F1MYxNneYPBbxw%3Fs%3D20

การพบปะชุมชนแบบตัวต่อตัว

ในขณะที่ทีมงานอยู่ในเมืองโตรอนโต้ เราได้เป็นเจ้าภาพในการจัด Blockchain meetup event เพื่อนำเสนอสิ่งที่เราต้องการทำให้สำเร็จด้วย Axelar ให้กับชุมชน เหล่าชุมชนบล็อคเชนในโตรอนโต้ซึ่งได้ร่วมศึกษา สนทนา และสนุกไปกับเราตลอดคืน ขอขอบคุณกลุ่มบล็อคเชน Bitcoin Bay และเหล่าพันธมิตรนักพัฒนาบล็อคเช็นที่ช่วยสนับสนุนเรา

ช่องทางการติดต่อชุมชน

ในขณะที่ Axelar กำลังเติบโตขึ้น พวกเรามีความสุขที่จะให้ชุมชนได้ดำเนินการ Telegram channels ในมากกว่า 15 ภาษา หาชุมชนที่เหมาะสมกับคุณได้ที่ Community Directory

อาชีพ

Axelar กำลังจากงานทั้งตำแหน่งทางเทคนิค และทั่วไปโปรดตรวจสอบหน้า careers page ได้ที่นี่ เพื่อทำการสมัคร.

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Blockchain Router for Cross-chain [Wang, et al. 2017]

To make you **dApp supported several chain is the nightmare **for dApp builder. Luckily for EVM compatible networks are easier. in the other hand, Non-EVM are the real kick-in. To make your dApp interconnect between each chain possibly to do with blockchain router that connected to another sub-chain like Wang was introducted in 2017.

Blockchain Router used for connect to each chain. To check each transaction that occured and made another transaction in another sub-chain. In this case, inter-operatibility with blockchain is possible.

However, Their concept are implemented as some roll-up technique or side-chain technology. One of the example is Axelar Network which is designate for the cross-chain routing.

Axelar Network

Axelar Network including two core products e.g. Cross-Chain Gateway Protocol (CGP) and Cross-Chain Transfer Protocol (CTP)

Cross-Chain Gateway Protocol

CGP is the gateway protocol and routing mechanism between many applications. which supported State syncronization and Asset Transfer.

**Account on the other chains **is the account that used by Axelar Network. To make Cross-chain Gateway Protocol Axelar working, the network should have accounts on the other chains which controlled by Axelar by separated into 2 cases including

1. Bitcoin and other non-smart contract chains. Axelar validators create ECDSA key and control ECDSA account. This account will use for user to deposit.

2. Threshold bridge account on chains with smart contracts. Axelar validators create a threshold ECDSA or ED25519 key and denote this key by Axelar. This key control a smart contract acctount and any application on Axelar can query this smart contract to learn address of this key.

Component Diagram of Axelar Network [Axelar Whitepaper, 2021]

State syncronization using to post information of the source into the destination network e.g. The transaction status in Polygon Network send to Cosmos Network

**Asset Transfer **using to transfer digital asset from source network to destination network e.g. sending USDT from Polygon Network to Cosmos Network

Cross-Chain Transfer Protocol (CTP)

Cross-Chain Transfer Protocol is the application-level protocol. The front-ends interact with user’s wallet to doing transaction and calling CTP queries to HTTP/HTTPS with GET/POST methods that execute the CGP layer then return result to the users.

Application developer can host their application and integrate their smart contract with Axelar bridge account to execute the CTP (The data would collected and managed by validator and sent to Axelar Network) when data come across chain it’s can use to trigger another smart contract (in another chain) or just read data from another chain to make criteria in smart contract in current chain (e.g. read interest rate in Polygon to execute mint function in Cosmos)

References

[1] Wang, Hui, Yuanyuan Cen, and Xuefeng Li. “Blockchain router: a cross-chain communication protocol.” Proceedings of the 6th international conference on informatics, environment, energy and applications. 2017.

[2] Axelar Network. “Axelar Network: Connecting Applications with Blockchain Ecosystems.” Axelar Network Whitepaper. 2021.

Nowaday, Blockchain is growing blazing fast and going to well-known in many fields. Since the generation of smart contract (ETH1.0) getting started. The world of blockchain is going to be the different. Many corporate looking forward to adopt blockchain infrastructure and make applications on top of it.

Seems like each of network have their own blockchain (likely each world!)

World of Solana,

World of Ethereum,

World of Binance Smart Chain,

World of Polkadot

You cannot make buy ERC-20 on Ethereum in Binance Smart Chain. (only if it’s created one representative in Binance Smart Chain) like ETH in Binance Smart Chain named as bETH

Ecosystem Comparison (Solana) by Sol mates

So, What is the issue?

Let’s think about if… You buy bETH in Binance Smart Chain but you need to use ETH in Ethereum Mainnet. What can you do?

Currently technology available nowaday is only “Bridge” There are many service that available such as wormhole bridge, anyswap, xPollinate

Normally, You transfer bETH to Bridge contract (Binance Smart Chain)

Bridge Contract send you ETH (Ethereum Chain)

Sound easy but complicated when you want to do much more transaction. Let’s me show you

In example. You have $1000 ETH staked in dApp (ETH Chain) and You want transfer to Arbitrum for staking in same dApp but in Arbitrum Chain which will give you the reward.

1. You have to unstake from dApp in Ethereum

2. Bridge $1000 ETH to Arbitrum

3. Stake $1000 ETH to dApp in Arbitrum

4. Claim reward in Arbitrum

Voila! in this case, Atleast 3 transactions have to been done.

So Axelar Network come to solve this issue to much more simpler. Why you should unstake and bridged while it’s similar dApp? What if you staked in Ethereum network and claim reward in Arbitrum?

The goal of Axelar is to be the universal connector of Web3. Allow every network and every chain can connect each other and send the data across.

Axelar Network had their own Network which being as the middleman for interoperability by deployed bridged contract in supported network. When transactions occured (such as you transfer token to bridged wallet) The Axelar validators will check and confirmed the transactions. Then doing a transaction on target chain.

Axelar also make gateway for the contract. That’s dApp builder can trigger smart contract after something happen in another chain. In example.

One dApp that normally launched in Ethereum mainnet but dApp just deployed on Solana. dApp builder want to use criteria that only people stake more than 1000 xToken in Ethereum can claim their starter NFT in Solana. In this case, Axelar can be the middle-man that linked data from Smart Contract in Ethereum Mainnet to Solana Smart Contract.

This example shown one of use-case of Axelar Network. To have inter-operability network across all network may help to improve flexibility and enhancing the power of Smart contract. This also help dApp more user-friendly.

The Integrated network will come in one day.