1. Introduction Bitcoin ($BTC), conceived in the aftermath of the 2008 financial crisis, has evolved from an obscure cryptographic experiment into a transformative force challenging traditional financial paradigms. By combining decentralized architecture, cryptographic security, and programmable scarcity, Bitcoin has catalyzed a reimagining of money, value transfer, and economic sovereignty. This paper examines Bitcoin’s technological foundations, its disruptive impact on global finance, and i..