Cisuralian
The Cisuralian is the first series/epoch of the Permian. The Cisuralian was preceded by the Pennsylvanian and followed by the Guadalupian. The Cisuralian Epoch is named after the western slopes of the Ural Mountains in Russia and Kazakhstan and dates between 298.9 ± 0.15 – 272.3 ± 0.5 Mya.[4] The Cisuralian is often synonymous with the informal terms early Permian or lower Permian. It corresponds approximately with the Wolfcampian in southwestern North America.[5][6] The series saw the appear...
Cisuralian
The Cisuralian is the first series/epoch of the Permian. The Cisuralian was preceded by the Pennsylvanian and followed by the Guadalupian. The Cisuralian Epoch is named after the western slopes of the Ural Mountains in Russia and Kazakhstan and dates between 298.9 ± 0.15 – 272.3 ± 0.5 Mya.[4] The Cisuralian is often synonymous with the informal terms early Permian or lower Permian. It corresponds approximately with the Wolfcampian in southwestern North America.[5][6] The series saw the appear...
Olson's Extinction
Olson's Extinction was a mass extinction that occurred 273 million years ago in the late Cisuralian or early Guadalupian of the Permian period and which predated the Permian–Triassic extinction event.[1][2][3] It is named after Everett C. Olson. There was a sudden change between the early Permian and middle/late Permian faunas. Some authors also place a hiatus in the continental fossil record around that time,[4][2] but others disagree.[5][6][7][8][9] This event has been argued by some a...
Olson's Extinction
Olson's Extinction was a mass extinction that occurred 273 million years ago in the late Cisuralian or early Guadalupian of the Permian period and which predated the Permian–Triassic extinction event.[1][2][3] It is named after Everett C. Olson. There was a sudden change between the early Permian and middle/late Permian faunas. Some authors also place a hiatus in the continental fossil record around that time,[4][2] but others disagree.[5][6][7][8][9] This event has been argued by some a...
Guadalupian
The Guadalupian is the second and middle series/epoch of the Permian. The Guadalupian was preceded by the Cisuralian and followed by the Lopingian. It is named after the Guadalupe Mountains of New Mexico and Texas, and dates between 272.95 ± 0.5 – 259.1 ± 0.4 Mya.[4][5] The series saw the rise of the therapsids, a minor extinction event called Olson's Extinction and a significant mass extinction called the end-Capitanian extinction event. The Guadalupian was previously known as the Middl...
Guadalupian
The Guadalupian is the second and middle series/epoch of the Permian. The Guadalupian was preceded by the Cisuralian and followed by the Lopingian. It is named after the Guadalupe Mountains of New Mexico and Texas, and dates between 272.95 ± 0.5 – 259.1 ± 0.4 Mya.[4][5] The series saw the rise of the therapsids, a minor extinction event called Olson's Extinction and a significant mass extinction called the end-Capitanian extinction event. The Guadalupian was previously known as the Middl...
Beetle
Beetles are insects that form the order Coleoptera (/koʊliːˈɒptərə/), in the superorder Endopterygota. Their front pair of wings are hardened into wing-cases, elytra, distinguishing them from most other insects. The Coleoptera, with about 400,000 described species, is the largest of all orders, constituting almost 40% of described insects and 25% of all known animal species; new species are discovered frequently, with estimates suggesting that there are between 0.9 and 2.1 million total speci...
Beetle
Beetles are insects that form the order Coleoptera (/koʊliːˈɒptərə/), in the superorder Endopterygota. Their front pair of wings are hardened into wing-cases, elytra, distinguishing them from most other insects. The Coleoptera, with about 400,000 described species, is the largest of all orders, constituting almost 40% of described insects and 25% of all known animal species; new species are discovered frequently, with estimates suggesting that there are between 0.9 and 2.1 million total speci...
Prey detection
Evolutionary struggle and prey defensesPrey have adaptations such as cryptic coloration in this Alaskan hare which help them avoid predators. nft://137/0x52297344A24f8a348F13632c5FbD360540673470/?showBuying=true&showMeta=true Main article: Antipredator adaptation Predators are in an evolutionary arms race with their prey, for which advantageous mutations are constantly preserved by natural selection. In turn, predators, too, are subject to such selective pressure, those most successful in loc...
Prey detection
Evolutionary struggle and prey defensesPrey have adaptations such as cryptic coloration in this Alaskan hare which help them avoid predators. nft://137/0x52297344A24f8a348F13632c5FbD360540673470/?showBuying=true&showMeta=true Main article: Antipredator adaptation Predators are in an evolutionary arms race with their prey, for which advantageous mutations are constantly preserved by natural selection. In turn, predators, too, are subject to such selective pressure, those most successful in loc...
