Galaxies are vast collections of stars, gas, dust, and dark matter bound together by gravity. They formed billions of years ago from collapsing clouds of hydrogen and helium. Spiral galaxies, like the Milky Way, feature rotating arms filled with star-forming regions, while elliptical galaxies are more massive and lack structure. Some galaxies collide, merging into new cosmic structures over millions of years. Scientists study distant galaxies using telescopes like the James Webb Space Telesco...