For centuries, communities across East Africa and the Arabian Peninsula have

gathered to chew the fresh leaves of the khat plant (Catha edulis) in social and

ceremonial settings. This evergreen shrub, cultivated in mountainous regions, acts

as a mild stimulant, fostering conversation, enhancing alertness, and reinforcing

cultural bonds. Yet behind its traditional use lies a complex story of chemistry,

controversy, and changing legal status worldwide.

The active compounds in khat cathinone and cathine are stimulants similar to

amphetamines, though less potent. When freshly harvested leaves are chewed and

stored in the cheek, they produce effects that include euphoria, excitement, appetite

suppression, and insomnia. These sessions, known as khat parties or majlis, can last

for hours and are deeply embedded in social rituals, from wedding celebrations to

political discussions.

However, prolonged use carries significant risks: hypertension, cardiac issues,

gastrointestinal disorders, and psychological dependence. As khat has spread to

diaspora communities in Europe and North America, its legal status has become

contentious. Classified as a controlled substance in countries like the U.S. and U.K.,

it remains legal and culturally important in nations such as Somalia, Yemen, and

Ethiopia.

Khat stands apart from classic psychedelics. It doesn’t induce mystical experiences

or visual alterations but serves as a social lubricant and symbol of identity. Its use

raises questions about autonomy, tradition, and health especially as commercial

farming expands, sometimes at the expense of food crops and water resources.

In the global dialogue on psychoactive plants, khat reminds us that not all