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Financial markets and ecosystems are deeply intertwined. As climate change and biodiversity loss accelerate, the ecological stability of the planet is increasingly recognized as a prerequisite for price and financial stability. Yet today’s markets lack a unified way to account for environmental health, leading to volatility and “green swan” risks – unpredictable financial shocks from climate events. This article explores the importance of creating a planetary data visualization system – envisioned here as GAIA AI – to integrate global ecological data with financial systems. By leveraging environmental economics, ethical AI, regenerative finance (ReFi), decentralized finance (DeFi), and blockchain technology, such a system could guide markets toward future regeneration and ecosystemic health, helping stabilize economies in the long run. We take a global perspective, with examples from bioregions like Cascadia in North America and Africa’s Great Lakes, to illustrate this visionary yet technically grounded approach.
Modern economic models have historically treated nature’s services – clean water, climate regulation, pollination – as externalities, invisible to markets. Environmental economics argues that ignoring these priceless services is perilous for both the planet and profit. In fact, **the global value of ecosystem services has been estimated at $125–145 trillion per year (in 2007 USD) – essentially on par with or exceeding global GDP, yet largely absent from financial ledgers. When these services degrade (forests lost, fisheries collapsed), societies incur real costs: disaster recovery, health impacts, and lost productivity. Failing to account for natural capital leads to instability; for example, climate-driven crop failures can spike food prices and unsettle markets.
To foster ecosystemic health, we must internalize environmental value in financial decision-making. Pioneers like economist Robert Costanza have long called for “new, common asset institutions” to take ecosystem values into account. This means creating mechanisms for markets to see and price the condition of natural systems. Carbon pricing and green bonds are early steps, but a broader integration is needed. Environmental economics provides tools – from the valuation of ecosystem services to natural capital accounting – that can inform a planetary data system. By quantifying how healthy forests, rivers, and climate contribute to economic stability, GAIA AI could illuminate the true costs of environmental degradation and the true benefits of regeneration. This forms a financial case for long-term investment in planetary health, aligning profit with sustainability.
Why is this alignment so critical? Because environmental shocks are financial shocks. A drought in one region can ripple through commodity markets globally. Conversely, regenerating an ecosystem (e.g. restoring wetlands) can save billions by preventing floods. Central bankers now warn that climate change poses systemic risks to the financial system. Integrating high-quality environmental data into market analysis can help preempt crises. In short, stabilizing financial markets increasingly depends on stabilizing our ecosystems. GAIA AI’s mission is to bridge this gap through data.
Imagine a global dashboard that continuously visualizes Earth’s vital signs – from carbon concentrations and forest cover to water tables and biodiversity indices – alongside financial metrics like crop futures, insurance losses, or regional GDP. GAIA AI (a shorthand for Global Autonomous Integrated Analytics, inspired by the Gaia concept of Earth as a living system) would be an AI-powered planetary management platform accessible to policymakers, investors, and the public. Its core purpose: to make the planet’s health legible to our financial and governance systems in real time.
How would it work? GAIA AI would aggregate massive, real-time environmental data from satellites, sensors, and local observations into an interactive visualization interface. Think of an AI-driven “control panel” for Earth. Similar to Microsoft’s Planetary Computer, which “uses aggregated environmental data from a broad range of global sources on biodiversity, climate, agriculture, and water” and employs AI to provide insights for sustainable decision-making, GAIA AI would combine many data feeds into one harmonized view. Users could zoom into a bioregion like Cascadia or Lake Victoria and see overlays of ecosystem status (forest density, lake water quality) with economic activity (timber market trends, fishing yields). AI analytics would highlight patterns and correlations – for instance, how changes in land use are affecting regional flood risk and insurance claims.
Importantly, GAIA AI is not just raw data but intelligence. It would use machine learning to identify early warning signs (e.g. impending drought impacts on food prices) and suggest optimal interventions. This aligns with the ethos of planetary computing as creating “a concise and comprehensive compendium of global ecosystem data” to enable predictive insights and data-driven strategies. Imagine central banks and financial firms consulting GAIA AI’s risk indices before making policy or investment decisions, just as they monitor employment or inflation data now.
Building a planetary data visualization system requires integrating diverse technologies. Some key components might include:
Global Data Ingestion: Streams from Earth observation satellites (climate data, land cover change), ground sensors (weather stations, air/water quality IoT devices), and digital monitoring networks. In regenerative finance, this is known as D-MRV (Digital Monitoring, Reporting, and Verification) – a critical piece for tracking environmental outcomes. GAIA AI would serve as a unified D-MRV platform at a planetary scale.
Federated Data Infrastructure: The system would likely be decentralized and cloud-based, combining data from international sources. Initiatives like the UNEP World Environment Situation Room already aim to federate “the best openly accessible environmental data, information and knowledge” for global use (UNEP WESR). GAIA AI would build on such efforts, ensuring data interoperability and quality control. Using open APIs and data standards, it can pull in e.g. the African Great Lakes data (see case study below) or local community observations.
AI Analytics and Modeling: At the heart of GAIA AI is an engine of algorithms – from neural networks detecting deforestation in satellite images, to predictive models linking climate forecasts with commodity prices. Advanced AI can help make sense of complex system dynamics. For example, climate-finance models must move beyond linear projections; we need tools that capture non-linear “cascade effects” (like how a drought leads to crop failure, then to market panic). GAIA AI’s design would incorporate modern approaches such as non-equilibrium modeling and scenario analysis for resilience.
Visualization and User Interface: The front end will be an interactive globe or map interface with time sliders and scenario simulators. Users (whether a government minister or a DeFi investor) could visualize how a policy – say, protecting a forest – might impact carbon sequestration and local economies over decades. Intuitive charts and VR/AR elements could make the abstract data visceral. The goal is interpretability: translating big data into actionable intelligence. (The Gaia Consortium, a group advancing such ideas, emphasizes building “intelligible, open systems that empower users to make sense of the world and make well-informed decisions.”)
Integration with Financial Systems: A crucial technical aspect is connecting this environmental intelligence to financial markets. Through blockchain oracles and APIs, GAIA AI could feed verified data (e.g. carbon levels, biodiversity metrics) into smart contracts, insurance models, and risk assessments. This allows financial instruments to automatically adjust based on ecosystem health triggers. For example, a “forest resilience index” could inform the interest rate of a green bond, or parametric insurance payouts for farmers could be tied to real-time drought indices from GAIA AI. By embedding nature’s signals into transactions, markets can become more responsive and stable.
In essence, GAIA AI would serve as the planet’s AI-assisted public ledger of ecological health, analogous to how we have public financial indices. It actualizes what environmental economists have long urged: making the invisible visible, so we can manage our global commons sustainably.
Building a planetary-scale AI system raises critical ethical considerations. Who decides what data is collected and how it’s used? How do we ensure that an AI powerful enough to influence global finance doesn’t exacerbate inequities or infringe on sovereignty? These questions demand that GAIA AI be developed under strict AI ethics principles.
Inclusivity and collaboration must be core values. Environmental challenges often hit the Global South hardest, yet these regions are underrepresented in AI development. An ethical GAIA AI would involve local stakeholders as co-creators. One expert notes, “The ethical use of AI to address socio-environmental challenges requires an approach based on collaboration, participation, and shared responsibility.”. This means communities – from Indigenous groups in the Amazon to farmers in Kenya – should have a voice in what the AI monitors and recommends. GAIA AI could incorporate citizen science data and indigenous knowledge, with proper consent and attribution, to enrich its understanding of ecosystem health.
Transparency is another pillar of AI ethics. GAIA AI’s models and data sources should be open or auditable to avoid a “black box” that dictates policies without accountability. Clear explainability of AI-driven insights (for example, why GAIA AI recommends reducing fishing quotas in Lake Tanganyika based on certain data) would build trust among users. The Gaia Consortium underscores interpretability and grounding in real-world data as key principles, ensuring users can trace recommendations to factual environmental observations.
We must also safeguard against misuse. A planetary data system could theoretically be abused – e.g. a corporation might try to use insights to exploit natural resources faster. Strong governance is needed to ensure GAIA AI’s insights are used for regeneration, not exploitation. This might include an oversight body or decentralized autonomous organization (DAO) representing diverse nations and communities to guide AI’s development and policies.
Privacy is less of an issue for environmental data than for personal data, but data rights still matter. Local communities should maintain rights over data from their regions. For instance, if GAIA AI uses data from sensors in a village’s forest, that community should benefit from the insights (perhaps through revenue sharing if the data enables carbon credit sales). This ties into fair distribution of benefits – a key tenet of climate justice and AI ethics.
In summary, GAIA AI must be a global public good, governed by ethical AI frameworks that prioritize inclusivity, transparency, and alignment with ecological well-being. If done right, it becomes a “planetary AI co-pilot” for humanity – not to control human choices, but to guide and support collective action for our shared future.
Fixing our relationship with Earth isn’t just about data; it’s about reinventing finance itself to value regeneration over extraction. Regenerative finance (ReFi) is an emerging movement tackling this very challenge. The ReFi movement “aims to fundamentally transform the governance of global common pool resources (CPRs), such as the atmosphere… by utilizing digital monitoring, reporting, and verification (D-MRV); tokenization of assets; and decentralized governance”. In other words, ReFi leverages technology (especially blockchain and DeFi) to create financial systems that restore and replenish the commons rather than deplete them.
Traditional finance often treats sustainability as a side constraint or a risk factor; regenerative finance makes it the foundation. For example, instead of simply trading carbon credits to offset emissions, ReFi projects design tokens and investment mechanisms that channel capital directly into regenerative projects (reforestation, soil restoration, community resilience). Crucially, these mechanisms rely on accurate data to verify that regeneration is actually happening – which is where GAIA AI’s planetary data streams come in.
Consider carbon sequestration in a forest. A ReFi project might issue a crypto token representing a tonne of CO₂ absorbed by trees. To ensure this token is real (not greenwashing), you need trustworthy monitoring of forest growth and carbon flux. GAIA AI could provide live MRV data for such tokens, using satellite imagery and forest sensors analyzed by AI to quantify carbon gains. In fact, ReFi pioneers already emphasize digital MRV as a cornerstone. GAIA AI would massively scale the reliability and coverage of these measurements – from a single forest to all the world’s major carbon sinks.
Beyond carbon, regenerative finance can incentivize outcomes like biodiversity protection, water conservation, or even social well-being. By tokenizing natural and social capital, ReFi seeks to redirect capital flows into positive impact. A core principle is that a regenerative economy should “grow in capacity over time and be resistant to shocks,” unlike today’s extractive system. ReFi isn’t just about new assets; it’s about new design. As one definition puts it: “ReFi seeks to build a financial system that generates positive environmental and social outcomes — an economy that is regenerative by design.”.
To actualize this, GAIA AI would work hand-in-hand with ReFi platforms. Think of GAIA AI as the data backbone and analytical brain, and ReFi as the set of financial instruments and markets that act on that intelligence. For instance, a smart contract in a decentralized finance app might automatically direct a portion of transaction fees to plant trees whenever GAIA AI’s data shows a bioregion’s forest cover falling below a threshold. A DAO for watershed management could use GAIA AI’s river health metrics to decide how to allocate community funds for restoration projects. These scenarios exemplify “programmable finance” linked to real-world ecological indicators.
One challenge noted in the ReFi space is the lack of interoperability and common standards. GAIA AI could help by providing a shared, open set of metrics (a “planetary ledger”) that all regenerative finance projects reference. Whether it’s a local community currency in Cascadia or a global carbon trading platform, using common data standards for ecological health will enable stacking of impacts and integration of markets. Over time, this could converge into a global regenerative financial ecosystem where investing in nature is straightforward, transparent, and low-risk because the underlying data is robust and trusted.
With centralized approaches alone, achieving a planetary-scale system that is trusted by all stakeholders will be nearly impossible. This is where decentralized finance (DeFi) and blockchain technology offer powerful tools. By design, blockchains enable a distributed ledger – an authoritative record that no single party controls. Applying this to planetary data and eco-finance creates transparency and resiliency.
Blockchain for Data Integrity: GAIA AI could utilize blockchain to timestamp and secure key environmental data. For example, when a sensor in the Great Lakes region uploads water quality data, it could be hashed and recorded on a public blockchain. This provides an immutable audit trail – anyone can verify that the data hasn’t been tampered with, which is crucial when financial transactions (like water credit trading) depend on that data. Projects like dClimate and Chainlink are already developing decentralized oracle networks to feed climate and weather data into smart contracts, ensuring data reliability for DeFi applications.
Tokenization of Natural Assets: As mentioned, turning ecosystem services into tradeable tokens is a core ReFi concept. Blockchain is the technology that enables tokenization and tracking of these assets. One case is carbon credits: startups have used Ethereum-based tokens to represent certified carbon offsets, making them tradable on DeFi markets. For instance, Toucan Protocol bridged verified carbon credits onto blockchain, allowing the creation of KlimaDAO, a decentralized fund that bought up and locked carbon credits to drive up their price (thus incentivizing carbon reduction). This model can extend to other assets – e.g. tokens for units of clean water, biodiversity credits, or disaster resilience. A planetary data system like GAIA AI would inform the issuance and validation of these tokens by providing the environmental measurements needed.
Smart Contracts and Automated Incentives: With GAIA AI supplying real-time data, smart contracts (self-executing code on blockchains) can automate complex incentive schemes. Imagine an insurance smart contract that monitors drought indexes via GAIA AI; when a severe drought threshold is met in a region, the contract automatically releases an insurance payout to farmers in that region. This kind of parametric insurance is already being explored to help vulnerable communities. Similarly, a city could issue a “green bond” on a blockchain that pays a bonus to investors if urban air quality (as tracked by GAIA AI sensors) meets improvement targets – aligning public health goals with investor returns.
Governance via Decentralization: Global environmental data and finance involve many actors, from nations to NGOs to individuals. Blockchain-based governance (through DAOs) allows collective decision-making rules to be encoded transparently. For instance, GAIA AI’s development roadmap could be guided by a DAO where stakeholders vote on features (one could envision a GAIA DAO representing scientists, indigenous leaders, governments, etc.). Funds for maintaining the infrastructure or rewarding data contributors could be managed in a decentralized treasury. This kind of open governance aligns with the notion that “our systems seamlessly collaborate and exchange information” and that no single entity should monopolize planetary intelligence. Decentralization ensures the system’s resilience (no single point of failure) and fairness (no data hoarding by superpowers).
In summary, blockchain and DeFi technologies provide the trust layer and incentive engine for GAIA AI. They ensure that the data is credible and the financial mechanisms are transparent. When combined with regenerative principles, they can convert planetary intelligence into tangible market stability – rewarding sustainable behavior and penalizing destructive actions automatically, at scale.
While GAIA AI is a global vision, it must function across scales – empowering regional and local solutions that roll up into planetary health. Bioregions, defined by natural boundaries rather than political ones, are an ideal scale for implementing regenerative finance and data systems. Let’s explore two examples: Cascadia in North America, and the African Great Lakes region. These illustrate how global principles tailor to local context, and how local innovations can feed back into the global system.
Cascadia refers to the Pacific Northwest bioregion of North America (spanning parts of the U.S. and Canada) known for its rich forests, rivers, and community ethos of sustainability. In recent years, Cascadia has become a hotbed for bioregional economic thinking. Initiatives like Regenerate Cascadia and the Cascadia BioFi Conference are pioneering ways to “shift global and extractive systems toward local, long-term, sustainable initiatives that restore ecosystems and promote community well-being.” This approach, dubbed BioFi, focuses on mobilizing local knowledge and resources to build a resilient economy in harmony with the region’s ecology.
A concrete example is the effort to regenerate the Duwamish River Valley (in Seattle’s metro area). Local stakeholders are designing a bioregional funding ecosystem to support watershed restoration and community development. How could a planetary data system enhance this? GAIA AI could provide Cascadia’s regenerators with advanced monitoring of their projects – from satellite imagery showing re-greening along riverbanks to AI analysis of salmon population recovery. By visualizing these indicators in an accessible way, GAIA AI helps the community track progress and adapt strategies. It could also connect Cascadia’s data to funding: imagine a Cascadia regeneration token that earns dividends as water quality or forest cover improves, verified by GAIA AI’s sensors. Investors worldwide could support Cascadia’s projects through such tokens, blending local action with global capital.
Cascadia also has strong tech capacity with major tech companies and universities in the region and a culture of open data. This makes it ripe to pilot GAIA AI components. For instance, a regional “Digital Twin” of Cascadia could be created – a detailed virtual model of the bioregion – integrating real-time environmental data. Local governments and tribes could use it for planning (forest management, urban growth boundaries, etc.) and feed successful models up to the global GAIA AI network. As a bioregional case study, Cascadia can demonstrate how aligning financial incentives (via BioFi) with a data-driven understanding of ecosystem health yields tangible stability and prosperity outcomes.
The African Great Lakes region – including Lakes Victoria, Tanganyika, Malawi and others – spans 11 countries in East and Central Africa and supports millions of people with its fisheries, freshwater, and fertile lands. It’s a region where environmental stewardship and human well-being are directly linked: overfishing or pollution can quickly threaten livelihoods and regional stability. Transboundary cooperation is essential, as these lakes and their watersheds cross national borders.
An inspiring initiative here is the African Great Lakes Information Platform (AGLI), a regional data-sharing effort. Described as “Seven Great Lakes. Eleven Countries. One Information System.”, this platform “delivers the information needed to support sustainable management of the African Great Lakes… helping users access spatial data, project information, and all aspects of the adaptive management process”. In practice, it connects thousands of stakeholders – from researchers to local officials – who can share data and knowledge to address issues like invasive species or climate change impacts on the lakes.
This is a proto-planetary data system in action, focused on a vital bioregion. We can learn from AGLI’s approach: it emphasizes themes like Climate Change, Ecosystem Services, Governance & Financing, recognizing that financing mechanisms must go hand-in-hand with data. For example, one can imagine a regional “Great Lakes Climate Fund” that finances resilience projects (like wetland restoration to control flooding). GAIA AI could enhance this by providing a baselined set of indicators – lake water levels, fish stocks, rainfall patterns – and simulating future scenarios. Investors in the climate fund would then have transparent data on how their money is improving those indicators over time.
One particular success has been in fisheries management. The Nature Conservancy reported that digitized data tools, supported by an African Great Lakes conservation fund, have helped share best practices across the region’s fisheries. If GAIA AI were deployed, it could take such efforts further: automatically detecting illegal fishing via satellite, or predicting spawning cycles with AI, then informing both local fishers and national policymakers to adjust quotas. The result is more sustainable fisheries, which means steadier income for communities and fewer market shocks in fish supply – a direct link to financial stability.
In both Cascadia and the Great Lakes, we see that bioregional action, backed by data, creates a virtuous cycle of regeneration and economic resilience. These regions could plug into GAIA AI as nodes in a planetary network, exchanging lessons and even transacting value (imagine a knowledge exchange where Cascadia shares forest management AI models with African lake managers, while Africa’s experience in community-based fisheries informs Cascadia’s tribal co-managed fisheries). GAIA AI’s global scope would respect local context, essentially scaling out a network of regional “digital earth” systems that interoperate.
The vision of GAIA AI does not start from scratch – it builds on existing foundations in technology and finance that are already proving the concept on smaller scales. Highlighting a few case studies shows that pieces of this planetary puzzle are falling into place:
Microsoft Planetary Computer (Global): Part of the AI for Earth program, this platform aggregates multi-petabyte environmental datasets and offers APIs and tools for analysis. It embodies the idea of using data to assess the world’s health. While not directly tied to finance, it provides a proof-of-concept for the data infrastructure needed. Its focus on biodiversity and climate data, and making these accessible to scientists and policymakers, is a big step toward a GAIA AI-like dashboard.
UNEP World Environment Situation Room (Global): The WESR is an online hub where global environmental data (climate, pollution, biodiversity, etc.) is compiled for decision-makers. It’s described as a platform to implement UNEP’s Big Data Initiative, aiming to support environmental policy with real-time data. Such institutional backing shows growing recognition that we need a “one-stop” data portal for the planet.
Regen Network (Global/ReFi): Regen Network is a blockchain project enabling farmers and land stewards to earn tokenized eco-credits for regenerative practices (like increasing soil carbon). It uses on-the-ground data and remote sensing to verify outcomes. This is a working example of blockchain-based regenerative finance: farmers get paid for ecosystem services, and buyers (companies, individuals) get a transparent, tradeable certificate of the service. Expanding this model requires scaling the data verification – a role GAIA AI could fill by providing open, AI-verified data layers (soil moisture maps, vegetation indices, etc.) as public goods.
Climate DAO / Carbon Markets (DeFi): KlimaDAO (mentioned above) and similar initiatives demonstrate how DeFi can channel market forces into climate action. By creating a crypto-backed carbon reserve, KlimaDAO drove attention to the price of carbon. While challenges remain (ensuring the quality of carbon credits, avoiding speculation), these experiments show that financial engineering can be married with climate goals. GAIA AI can strengthen such models by continuously assessing the quality of credits (e.g. flagging if a forest associated with a credit burns down) and expanding beyond carbon into biodiversity credits or other ecosystem assets.
Cascadia and Great Lakes Platforms (Regional): As detailed, Regenerate Cascadia’s bioregional fund concept and the African Great Lakes Information Platform are pioneering at the bioregional scale. They are real-life laboratories for how data and finance co-evolve when focused on regeneration. Scaling their impact might involve linking them: for instance, a Bioregional DAO Network where Cascadia, the Great Lakes, and other regions (Amazon, Himalayas, etc.) share a common protocol for data and funding exchanges.
Each of these initiatives addresses a piece of the broader vision – whether it’s data aggregation, verification technology, or new financial instruments. The next step, and the crux of this article’s proposal, is to knit these threads together into a comprehensive planetary system. GAIA AI would essentially be the integration of these efforts: the data richness of Planetary Computer + the real-time policy focus of WESR + the incentive structures of ReFi/DeFi + the local empowerment of bioregional projects.
Looking ahead, what might a fully realized GAIA AI achieve? The ultimate vision is a future where financial markets are no longer blind to ecological reality. Instead, markets actively promote regeneration because the feedback loops between ecology and economy are tight and visible.
Picture the year 2035: GAIA AI has become a common resource – like an “Earth Operating System.” Governments convene each year to review GAIA AI’s State of the Planet report, much like an economic outlook, which is backed by live and historical data feeds. Central banks incorporate GAIA AI’s stability indicators (such as a Global Ecosystem Health Index) into their monetary policy decisions, adjusting interest rates or capital requirements to account for climate risks and nature-based opportunities. The private sector, from pension funds to small businesses, uses GAIA AI tools to guide investment toward regions and projects with strong regenerative metrics, knowing that this reduces long-term risk. In local communities, GAIA AI’s democratized data access means a farming cooperative in Uganda or a fisheries union on Lake Malawi can make informed decisions and directly access impact funding via blockchain smart contracts.
Crucially, by making environmental health legible and financially valuable, GAIA AI helps stabilize markets in a way traditional measures cannot. Resource shocks or environmental collapses, which once hit as surprises, are now anticipated and mitigated. For example, if GAIA AI’s models predict a high probability of extreme heat in a grain-producing region, futures markets and governments can respond early – smoothing prices, shifting supplies, and safeguarding communities – thereby preventing a potential market panic or humanitarian crisis. Over time, the foresight provided by planetary intelligence leads to more resilient economies.
Additionally, new financial products emerge that are inherently regenerative: ecosystem services bonds, biodiversity indices, and regional digital currencies backed by natural assets. These instruments, tracked and settled via GAIA AI data, provide returns that grow as ecosystems recover – aligning investor success with planetary success. It’s a positive-sum game replacing the zero-sum, short-term mindset that has dominated markets.
Collaboration will be key to realize this vision. GAIA AI would likely be developed through a coalition (much like the Gaia Consortium today, which is “a group of science and tech organizations collaborating to create a universal system for decentralized planetary-scale modeling and decision-making”). Public agencies, private tech firms, blockchain developers, economists, and civil society would all need to contribute. The governance model may be innovative – perhaps an open-source project with decentralized governance (a fusion of the UN-style multilateral process and Web3 community-led development). Ensuring AI ethics are embedded from the start will keep the system aligned with its mission of serving “the deep fabric of interconnectedness that underpins the survival of our species and biosphere.”
Creating a planetary data visualization system like GAIA AI is a bold undertaking, but the pieces are in motion. It is a logical convergence of environmental science, advanced AI, and next-generation finance. By illuminating the links between planetary health and market stability, GAIA AI can help rewrite the rules of our economy – fostering a future where regenerating Earth’s ecosystems is rewarded, risk is reduced through knowledge, and global finance becomes a driver of sustainability rather than a source of instability. This is a planetary vision of prosperity: one that honors the bioregions that make up our living Earth and uses our most advanced tools to safeguard both the planet and our financial future for generations to come.
Sources:
OECD (2020). Climate change risks and financial stability – “The ecological and environmental stability of the planet is a prerequisite for price and financial stability.” (Green swans: climate change risks, central banking and financial stability – ECOSCOPE)
Costanza et al. (2014). Global Environmental Change – Updated global ecosystem services valued at ~$125 trillion/yr; call for new institutions to account for these values (Changes in the global value of ecosystem services) (Changes in the global value of ecosystem services).
Microsoft AI for Earth (2021). Planetary Computer description – AI-driven platform with “a broad range of global environmental data” to inform sustainable decisions (Planetary Computer - The Index Project).
Gaia Consortium (2023). Core Principles – Emphasizes open, interpretable systems aligned with planetary boundaries and interconnectedness (Gaia Consortium) (Gaia Consortium).
REVOLVE (2023). AI and Climate Justice interview – Argues for inclusive, collaborative AI, noting “ethical use of AI…requires collaboration, participation, and shared responsibility.” (Incorporating Climate Justice into AI Development)
Schletz et al. (2023). Frontiers in Blockchain – Defines Regenerative Finance movement using D-MRV, tokenization, and decentralized governance for global commons (Frontiers | Blockchain and regenerative finance: charting a path toward regeneration); notes current ReFi interoperability challenges (Frontiers | Blockchain and regenerative finance: charting a path toward regeneration).
Toucan Protocol (2022). What is ReFi blog – Describes ReFi as building a financial system for positive environmental/social outcomes, “regenerative by design” (What is ReFi | Regenerative Finance explained) and resilient to shocks (What is ReFi | Regenerative Finance explained).
Cascadia BioFi (2024). Bioregional Finance explainer – Bioregional finance “shifts extractive systems toward local, sustainable initiatives” in harmony with each region’s needs (Cascadia BioFi Conference).
African Great Lakes Inform (2021). Platform overview – Regional data system delivering information for sustainable management across 7 lakes in 11 countries (Home | AGLI).
BIS Innovation Hub (2024). Project Gaia report – Demonstrated AI (LLM) tool harmonizing climate risk disclosures for financial analysis, showing need for standardized climate metrics across jurisdictions (Project Gaia: Enabling climate risk analysis using generative AI).
