I think we’ve already lived through a remarkable technological revolution over the last couple of decades, and before that we saw major leaps in chemistry and other physical sciences. Looking ahead, I suspect there’s less “unclaimed surface area” in traditional tech for startups to produce breakthroughs that dramatically improve everyday life, and it will likely become harder to break out in mainstream software or AI alone. Biotech feels different. There are real opportunities for startups to change people’s lives in concrete ways. One example is research in Japan on a drug designed to stimulate the body to grow new teeth, with human clinical trials underway. This therapy aims to activate dormant biological pathways so that adults with missing teeth might regrow them naturally, and researchers project potential availability around 2030 if trials succeed.  On the organ side, there has been ongoing progress in xenotransplantation, such as genetically modified pig organs being used in human transplant research to address shortages in donor organs.  Beyond these specific cases, work on longevity and improving overall health spans aging research, cellular repair, gene therapy, and regenerative medicine. Advances here could extend healthy human lifespan and quality of life in ways that matter directly to individuals, and these are areas many people would gladly invest in or pay for. In that sense, biotech and life sciences may produce the next wave of breakthroughs that deliver real welfare gains far beyond what improvements in software can offer.