
Chain Abstraction Paradigm: Is Particle Network Blockchain’s Missing Link?
Executive SummaryThrough this article, I dive deep into chain abstraction and how Particle Network is tackling some of the biggest challenges with interoperating between multiple chains. Consider this article as my thesis for the extended chain abstraction vertical. My main thesis behind Chain Abstraction is based on two key assumptions:The likelihood of hundreds, if not thousands, of L1s and L2s coexisting on-chain.The critical importance of user attention in driving demand and shaping behav...

Chain Abstraction Paradigm: Is Particle Network Blockchain’s Missing Link?
Executive SummaryThrough this article, I dive deep into chain abstraction and how Particle Network is tackling some of the biggest challenges with interoperating between multiple chains. Consider this article as my thesis for the extended chain abstraction vertical. My main thesis behind Chain Abstraction is based on two key assumptions:The likelihood of hundreds, if not thousands, of L1s and L2s coexisting on-chain.The critical importance of user attention in driving demand and shaping behav...

(Verifying) Zero-knowledge is the Real Endgame
IntroductionZero-knowledge proofs, first introduced by Goldwasser, Micali, and Rackoff in the late 1980s, have revolutionized cryptography and found profound applications within blockchain. Zero-knowledge proofs provide a way to verify the truth of a statement without revealing the underlying data. This concept is particularly useful in blockchain technology, especially for zero-knowledge rollups. Zero-knowledge rollups bundle many transactions together into a single proof that can be verifie...

(Verifying) Zero-knowledge is the Real Endgame
IntroductionZero-knowledge proofs, first introduced by Goldwasser, Micali, and Rackoff in the late 1980s, have revolutionized cryptography and found profound applications within blockchain. Zero-knowledge proofs provide a way to verify the truth of a statement without revealing the underlying data. This concept is particularly useful in blockchain technology, especially for zero-knowledge rollups. Zero-knowledge rollups bundle many transactions together into a single proof that can be verifie...
Dropped Connections, Dropped Transactions
Solana's Struggle with Surging Transaction Demand
Dropped Connections, Dropped Transactions
Solana's Struggle with Surging Transaction Demand

Starport Kernel Framework for Lending Protocols
Today, I went through the Starport whitepaper, the lending kernel built and designed by Astaria. I really liked reading through it. Mainly because it addresses one key problem with DeFi that I'm sure has been bugging a lot of us: Backwards Compatibility. This has been a glaring pain point across many DeFi protocols to date. Backwards compatibility refers to whether smart contracts continue functioning as intended after being upgraded or changed. For example, if a popular lending protocol...

Starport Kernel Framework for Lending Protocols
Today, I went through the Starport whitepaper, the lending kernel built and designed by Astaria. I really liked reading through it. Mainly because it addresses one key problem with DeFi that I'm sure has been bugging a lot of us: Backwards Compatibility. This has been a glaring pain point across many DeFi protocols to date. Backwards compatibility refers to whether smart contracts continue functioning as intended after being upgraded or changed. For example, if a popular lending protocol...

zkProofs & Recursive SNARKs
This article expands on the key concepts covered in the presentation "Recursive Proofs: Applications and Affordances" delivered by Ying Tong and Nalin Bharadwaj at Devcon 2022.IntroductionOver recent years, privacy-preserving systems have garnered tremendous interest, given their capacity to facilitate multi-party computation and validate the integrity of complex processes without exposing raw datasets. Solutions like secure multi-party computation (MPC) and zero-knowledge proofs (ZKPs) have ...

zkProofs & Recursive SNARKs
This article expands on the key concepts covered in the presentation "Recursive Proofs: Applications and Affordances" delivered by Ying Tong and Nalin Bharadwaj at Devcon 2022.IntroductionOver recent years, privacy-preserving systems have garnered tremendous interest, given their capacity to facilitate multi-party computation and validate the integrity of complex processes without exposing raw datasets. Solutions like secure multi-party computation (MPC) and zero-knowledge proofs (ZKPs) have ...

Unpacking FRAX v3: Hybrid Assets, Modular Design.
Table of ContentsIntroduction and TL;DRHybrid Collateral ModelModular AMO ArchitectureMaintaining OvercollateralizationReal World Asset Risks and RewardsIndependent Dollar Peg ReliabilityExpanding OnChain GovernancesFRAX and FXB DerivativesGoverning Token SupplyTying Yields to Fed RatesConclusionAdditional Details on FRAX EvolutionSo, we finally have the FRAX v3 documentation. Yeah, I’m going to share some thoughts on it.Before that, here’s a TL;DRSome key features of FRAX v3:It uses a combin...

Unpacking FRAX v3: Hybrid Assets, Modular Design.
Table of ContentsIntroduction and TL;DRHybrid Collateral ModelModular AMO ArchitectureMaintaining OvercollateralizationReal World Asset Risks and RewardsIndependent Dollar Peg ReliabilityExpanding OnChain GovernancesFRAX and FXB DerivativesGoverning Token SupplyTying Yields to Fed RatesConclusionAdditional Details on FRAX EvolutionSo, we finally have the FRAX v3 documentation. Yeah, I’m going to share some thoughts on it.Before that, here’s a TL;DRSome key features of FRAX v3:It uses a combin...