“At this point, it’s simply not feasible for humans to return the ocean to its preindustrial chemical base line because the cost, effort and material resources required are too gargantuan. A global effort would, however, help prevent further acidification. As a marine antacid, alkalinity enhancement will probably be more effective in select regions of the coast that are home to especially vulnerable fisheries and ecosystems, like coral reefs. Such defenses have a long history. The Indigenous peoples of western North America farmed clams in walled gardens along the shore to which they routinely added crushed shells. Research has since confirmed that doing so raises the pH of the water, improving the growth and survival rates of juvenile shellfish and, in combination with other benefits of the gardens, yielding two to four times as many adults.” https://www.nytimes.com/2026/01/08/magazine/ocean-acidification-carbon-geoengineering.html?smid=nytcore-ios-share