Block times and final confirmation times represent transaction speeds that are critical to consumer products. The faster blocks are generated, the less time users have to wait for funds to be transferred or smart contracts to be executed.
TON
TON generates a new block on each shard chain and the main chain approximately every 5 seconds, new blocks on all splinters are generated almost simultaneously, and new blocks on the main chain are generated approximately one second later, as it must contain the hash value of the latest block for all shard chains.
Ethereum 2.0
Ethereum 2.0 includes slots and cycles, with a slot being a 12-second interval during which a verifier can propose new beacon chains and fragment chains. The 32 slots constitute a cycle (6.4 minutes), and there is a specific rule that requires at least two cycles for final block confirmation, meaning that it takes at least 12.8 minutes for a block to be confirmed.
Solana
Solana claims that it can generate a block per second or faster, but it has an extended block determination time. A block is usually finalized after 16 rounds of voting, each expected to last about 400 milliseconds. This translates to a delay of 6.4 seconds.
performance
Blockchain performance represents the ability of a platform to handle large-scale smart contracts, which is very important for complex blockchain products such as DeFi, GameFi and DAO.
TON
TON is a Turing-complete, high-performance blockchain that can accommodate any complex transaction on the main chain and all of its working chains.
Ethereum 2.0
Ethereum 2.0 has Turing-complete EVMs only on the beacon chain, and the network is limited to 15 transactions per second. The lack of cross-shard interaction means that other transactions cannot be executed in a truly decentralized environment.
Solana
Solana has Turing completeness, but it only performs well for a few very simple predefined types of transactions (which only change the account balance but not the state), and performs best when all account data is suitable for RAM (there are some problems if it is not).
scalability
Scalability is directly related to the number of users and their interactions (transactions, smart contract execution, infrastructure requests).
TON
TON supports both work chains and dynamic sharding. The system can accommodate up to 232 work chains, each of which can be subdivided into up to 260 shard chains, and has almost instant cross-shard and cross-chain communication capabilities, enabling millions of transactions per second.
Ethereum 2.0
Ethereum 2.0 will support up to 64 shard and beacon chains. At this stage, it is unclear exactly what the performance of the new 64 shard chains will be and how the shard chains will interact with each other. However, if messaging between shard chains is introduced once, it must wait 10-15 minutes until the shard chain block is finally determined to send the message before it can be processed on another shard chain. In addition, additional shards are not currently expected to run EVM smart contracts at all. Instead, they are intended to be used as additional data stores in distributed books.
Solana
Solana supports neither sharding nor working chains.
conclusion
As of 2022, TON Blockchain remains one of the few truly scalable blockchain projects. As a result, it remains one of the most advanced blockchain projects, capable of performing millions, or even tens of millions, of true Turing-complete smart contract transactions per second if necessary in the future. A PDF analysis of TON, Solana, and Ethereum 2.0 is provided below for more details.