10 Analogies for Understanding Concepts in web3
These are 10 analogies for understanding concepts in web3.These analogies are far from perfect, but I’ve found them useful in explaining crypto to my friends trying to learn about the space for the first time. #1. NFTs: a regular baseball could be considered a fungible “token”. A non-fungible token (NFT) is akin to a baseball signed by Mickey Mantle. One is common, the other has a unique signature.#2. DAOs: imagine a non-profit, but organized by strangers on the internet with a united cause. ...
How to Retain Top Talent
Before I worked in venture capital, I worked at a firm called Boston Consulting Group. It’s full of great talent (in particular, high-slope young professionals), interesting work, and luxurious perks. Yet top consulting firms still experience really high rates of churn. I’ve spent a good part of the past few years thinking about why that is. More specifically, how to avoid the pitfalls that lead to high churn. One simple framework is to view the costs and benefits undertaken / enjoyed within ...

Public Goods in Crypto
The concept of public goods in crypto is pretty popular. It’s discussed a lot with regard to layer-1s, protocol treasuries, and ecosystem growth. The term has also begun to pop up in investment announcements. I find this last part especially interesting — prior to seeing firms “invest in public goods,” I had never really thought of public goods as an asset class. To be honest, I still don’t. It’s worth taking a step back and thinking about what actually constitutes a public good. Outside of c...
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10 Analogies for Understanding Concepts in web3
These are 10 analogies for understanding concepts in web3.These analogies are far from perfect, but I’ve found them useful in explaining crypto to my friends trying to learn about the space for the first time. #1. NFTs: a regular baseball could be considered a fungible “token”. A non-fungible token (NFT) is akin to a baseball signed by Mickey Mantle. One is common, the other has a unique signature.#2. DAOs: imagine a non-profit, but organized by strangers on the internet with a united cause. ...
How to Retain Top Talent
Before I worked in venture capital, I worked at a firm called Boston Consulting Group. It’s full of great talent (in particular, high-slope young professionals), interesting work, and luxurious perks. Yet top consulting firms still experience really high rates of churn. I’ve spent a good part of the past few years thinking about why that is. More specifically, how to avoid the pitfalls that lead to high churn. One simple framework is to view the costs and benefits undertaken / enjoyed within ...

Public Goods in Crypto
The concept of public goods in crypto is pretty popular. It’s discussed a lot with regard to layer-1s, protocol treasuries, and ecosystem growth. The term has also begun to pop up in investment announcements. I find this last part especially interesting — prior to seeing firms “invest in public goods,” I had never really thought of public goods as an asset class. To be honest, I still don’t. It’s worth taking a step back and thinking about what actually constitutes a public good. Outside of c...
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Share Dialog


I’m a big fan of the idea that cities have several, distinct versions of themselves throughout the day, and that a city at 8am may feel completely different than one at 5pm. My favorite is the 1am-6am city, which I call the “secret city.”
This morning, I caught a glimpse of Boston’s secret city while driving to the airport. And I have some time to kill while I wait at the gate, so I thought I’d write about it.
My flight is fairly early in the morning, which meant a 3:30am wakeup call. As we drove through Boston, I was struck by how quiet it was, and how peaceful the early morning is. Some people were awake, but not many. You can tell by the rare light poking out of a window amidst a dark sea of sleepers. I call it “secret” because there’s an effort inherent in being awake at these hours, and it’s not obvious that the early wakeup (or long night) is worth the trade-off. But how often do you get to see a city empty and quiet? It’s tough to make the trade-off every day but, when I do have a chance (like choosing an early flight vs. a midday one), I typically find that it’s worth it.
I remember the first time I realized how much I liked the early morning hours. In high school, I took PE in the morning (before the school day; a necessary sacrifice to fit debate class into my schedule). Driving through suburban Illinois isn’t quite the same as a secret city (the suburbs are always quiet), but getting to see the sunrise every day did grow on me pretty quickly.
Then, in college, I really honed in on the idea of these secret cities. Freshman year it was admittedly from staying out a little too late. But in later years it was more of an active choice: I preferred a 5am wakeup to a 1am bedtime, so would often end up studying in the early hours of the morning. Looking out my dorm window – across one of Penn’s courtyards to other dorms – I could see the scarce scattering of other windows lit, which would slowly grow as the hours passed until the sun rose. Half the time I’d sit there just wondering who else was up, and why they were up. It was great. Those were some of the most peaceful hours of the day, and when I did much of my best thinking. And because few actually look forward to an early wakeup, this version of the city felt like a secret.
That brings me to today. It’s 4:25am and the airport is surprisingly busy; certainly busier than it was half an hour ago when I got here. There aren’t really any children around – it’s mostly young-to-middle aged adults solemnly drinking coffee while scrolling their phones as they try to wake up. I’m writing as I wait for my flight to board. I had thought about scheduling a later flight, but I’m glad I didn’t. I’ll land in a different city, in a different time zone, with many more people awake, the secret city having fully faded into a sunlight city. But having gotten a glimpse of Boston’s secret city this morning made my day, and for that alone the early wakeup was easily worth it.
I’m a big fan of the idea that cities have several, distinct versions of themselves throughout the day, and that a city at 8am may feel completely different than one at 5pm. My favorite is the 1am-6am city, which I call the “secret city.”
This morning, I caught a glimpse of Boston’s secret city while driving to the airport. And I have some time to kill while I wait at the gate, so I thought I’d write about it.
My flight is fairly early in the morning, which meant a 3:30am wakeup call. As we drove through Boston, I was struck by how quiet it was, and how peaceful the early morning is. Some people were awake, but not many. You can tell by the rare light poking out of a window amidst a dark sea of sleepers. I call it “secret” because there’s an effort inherent in being awake at these hours, and it’s not obvious that the early wakeup (or long night) is worth the trade-off. But how often do you get to see a city empty and quiet? It’s tough to make the trade-off every day but, when I do have a chance (like choosing an early flight vs. a midday one), I typically find that it’s worth it.
I remember the first time I realized how much I liked the early morning hours. In high school, I took PE in the morning (before the school day; a necessary sacrifice to fit debate class into my schedule). Driving through suburban Illinois isn’t quite the same as a secret city (the suburbs are always quiet), but getting to see the sunrise every day did grow on me pretty quickly.
Then, in college, I really honed in on the idea of these secret cities. Freshman year it was admittedly from staying out a little too late. But in later years it was more of an active choice: I preferred a 5am wakeup to a 1am bedtime, so would often end up studying in the early hours of the morning. Looking out my dorm window – across one of Penn’s courtyards to other dorms – I could see the scarce scattering of other windows lit, which would slowly grow as the hours passed until the sun rose. Half the time I’d sit there just wondering who else was up, and why they were up. It was great. Those were some of the most peaceful hours of the day, and when I did much of my best thinking. And because few actually look forward to an early wakeup, this version of the city felt like a secret.
That brings me to today. It’s 4:25am and the airport is surprisingly busy; certainly busier than it was half an hour ago when I got here. There aren’t really any children around – it’s mostly young-to-middle aged adults solemnly drinking coffee while scrolling their phones as they try to wake up. I’m writing as I wait for my flight to board. I had thought about scheduling a later flight, but I’m glad I didn’t. I’ll land in a different city, in a different time zone, with many more people awake, the secret city having fully faded into a sunlight city. But having gotten a glimpse of Boston’s secret city this morning made my day, and for that alone the early wakeup was easily worth it.
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