I’d like to make two claims:No single chain, whether L1 or L2, can support the throughput required to reach Internet scale.Scaling blockchains means scaling access to liquidity and shared state. Adding blockspace via multiple chains doesn’t work if it fragments liquidity.This represents a challenge to both the modular and the monolithic views of blockchain scalability. (1) is a challenge to the monolithic view, which holds that a single high-throughput chain is the best way to scale. (2) is a...