1. You can think of an equity pledge as a less resource intensive alternative to mining. This option involves placing holdings into cryptocurrency wallets to provide security and operational support for the blockchain network. Simply put, equity pledging is the act of locking up cryptocurrencies for rewards. (1) What is a Pledge of Interest A pledge of interest is a process by which holders of a particular token can receive a reward. Pledges of interest originate from a proof-of-interest mechanism used in distributed blockchain networks, where blockchain miners can mine or validate block transactions against their token holdings. The more tokens they hold, the greater their mining capacity. The rewards of pledging of interest are shared between users who hold cryptocurrencies, and those who grant voting rights to the pledged pool of interest. The more validations delegated to the Pledge of Stake eat, the higher the chances of being selected to generate the next block, and the more rewards received. (2) What is a Proof of Stake (PoS)? If you're familiar with how Bitcoin works, you're probably familiar with Proof of Work (PoW). Transactions can be collected into blocks through this mechanism. These blocks are then linked together to create a blockchain. Specifically, miners compete to solve complex mathematical puzzles, and whoever solves the puzzle first is entitled to add the next block to the blockchain. Proof of workload has proven to be a very powerful mechanism to facilitate consensus in a decentralised way. The problem is that this mechanism involves a lot of arbitrary computation. Miners are scrambling to solve the puzzle just to maintain network security and nothing else. Some may argue that, in and of itself, this over-computation is also unquestionable. At this point, you may be wondering: is there any other way to maintain a decentralised consensus without the higher computational costs? Look no further than proof-of-stake. The main idea is that participants can lock in tokens (their "pledged interest") and at certain intervals the protocol will randomly assign rights to one of them for verification of the next block. Typically, the probability of being selected is proportional to the number of tokens: the more tokens locked up, the better the chances. In this way, the factor that determines which participants create blocks is not based on their ability to solve hash challenges, as is the case with workload proofs, but rather on the number of pledged tokens they hold in equity. Some may argue that producing blocks through pledges of interest can improve the scalability of the blockchain. This is one of the reasons why the Ethernet network is proposing to migrate from proof-of-work to proof-of-stake in a set of technical upgrades collectively known as ETH 2.0. (3) Who created proof-of-stake In 2012, Sunny King and Scott Nadal first introduced the concept of proof of equity and pledge of equity. They described Peercoin as an innovative PoS cryptocurrency. It was initially based on a hybrid PoW/PoS mechanism, but gradually weakened proof-of-work (PoW) in later stages. This allows users to mine and back projects without having to rely entirely on proof of stake in the early stages. In 2014, Daniel Larimer developed the so-called Delegated Proof of Stake (DPoS) mechanism. It was initially used as part of the Bitshares network, but the same model was subsequently adopted by other cryptocurrencies. Notably, Larimer also created Steem and EOS, which also use the same DPoS model. DPoS supports users to use their account balances as votes for electing a certain number of representatives in the blockchain network. The elected representatives would then manage the operation of the blockchain on behalf of their constituents, ensuring network security and maintaining consensus. In addition, token holders can pledge their tokens and thus receive regular interest income. The DPoS model aims to reduce confirmation wait times and increase the throughput of the network (i.e., the model can execute more transactions per second). The main reason for this advantage is that the DPoS model can use a smaller number of validation nodes to achieve consensus. On the other hand, if users are dependent on a selected set of nodes, this can lead to a less decentralised blockchain network. (4) How pledges of interest work As we have previously explored, proof-of-work blockchains rely on mining to add new blocks to the blockchain. In contrast, proof-of-stake chains produce and validate new blocks through a pledge-of-interest process. Pledging of interests involves locking in the tokens of certain validators so that the protocol can randomly select them to create a block at a specific interval of time. Typically, participants with a higher number of pledges are more likely to be selected as the next block validators. This allows blocks to be produced without relying on dedicated mining hardware. While dedicated IC mining requires a significant investment in hardware, pledging of interests requires a direct investment in the cryptocurrency itself. Therefore, rather than competing for the next block through computational work, proof-of-stake verifiers are selected based on the number of tokens they have pledged. The "pledged interest" (tokens held) is an incentive for verifiers to maintain the security of the network. If they do not, the entire amount of tokens they pledge may be at risk Each proof-of-interest blockchain has a specific pledge-of-interest currency, and some networks use a dual-token system where a second token is used to pay out rewards. On a very practical level, a pledge of interest simply means that the funds are placed in the right wallet. In basic terms, this allows anyone to perform various network functions in exchange for equity pledge rewards. This also includes adding funds to the pledge pool, which we'll get to shortly. (5) Equity pledge risk " Security is paramount! "And, the most important and easiest thing to do to protect your assets is to create double protection for the account and the email used to sign up for that account , use only verified software (if you are not familiar with the site - be sure to read the reviews on the internet) and most importantly - do not share personal information with third parties. If users protect their wallets and accounts properly, there are no significant risks associated with using cryptocurrencies. The biggest risk relates to price fluctuations, which can damage your wallet if the power runs out. Many cryptocurrencies set limits on the number of coins in a wallet . In such cases, users are combined into "pools" and subsequently share the proceeds, which creates additional difficulties for traders. The risk of centralisation is very high when the majority of assets are in the hands of large players. A similar situation is most likely to occur with 'young' cryptocurrencies that are traded at relatively low prices. Due to the fact that users tend to keep coins for as long as possible to maximise possible profits, there is often a significant risk of reduced cryptocurrency turnover. For users who rely on third party services, the trust factor is always important. It is well known that the risk is always much higher when trusting strangers on the internet than when working independently.

2. The content introduced above is only about the basics of cryptocurrency, which is related to whether we can make money through cryptocurrency. Cryptocurrencies make money not only by scientific methods to increase income, but also by finding ways to save money. The handling fees are small, but they must not be ignored. I have calculated that with frequent transactions and long trading hours, the accumulation of fees can add up to more than 10,000 U a year. Next I will introduce a few common ways to reduce fees on large trading platforms. (1) Lowering Binance's fees Binance is currently the world's largest digital currency exchange, and you must sign up for Binance if you want to speculate on coins. The transaction fee is deducted from the assets received. For example, if you buy Ethereum/USDT, the fee is paid in Ethereum. If you sell Ethereum/USDT, the commission is paid in USDT. Example. You place an order for 10Ethereum at a price of USD3,452.55 per share. Transaction fee = 10Ethereum0.1% = 0.01Ethereum Or you place an order to sell 10Ethereum at 3,452.55 USDT per share. Transaction fee = (10Ethereum3,452.55USDT)*0.1% = 34.5255USDT What many people do not know is that the Binance transaction fee can also be reduced. If you want to reduce your Binance trading fees, you must register using the invitation link below or use the invitation code "Q022W7SC". https://accounts.binance.com/en/register?ref=Q022W7SC

(2) Reducing OKX fees OKX is a professional digital currency trading platform loved by many users, and its transaction fees can be reduced. Depending on the volume of transactions, OKX divides its users into two levels: normal and professional. Ordinary users are graded according to their OKB positions, while professional users are graded according to their trading volume and asset size. The different tiers determine the trading fees for the next trading day. When calculating the fee levels, if the coin trading volume, total trading volume of delivery and perpetual contracts (USDT delivery contract, coin-based delivery contract, USDT perpetual contract, coin-based perpetual contract), option contract trading volume, and asset volume meet the conditions of different fee levels, users will enjoy the fee discount of the highest level. First method: OKX has an official maximum saving of 20%. Use the link below to register with OKX and save 20% on fees. https://www.ouyi.business/join/BTC1ETH Second method: Open the OKX website and enter "BTC1ETH" in the "Invitation Code" on the registration page to see the cashback percentage: 20% at the bottom. Be sure to enter this invitation code, otherwise you can not get 20% cashback percentage. (3) Reduce FTX fees FTX is currently a very fast-growing, contract players more exchange, you must register FTX if you play the contract. if you want to reduce the FTX transaction fees, you must use the following invitation link to register. https://ftx.com/referrals#a=121031692 3, trading road is long, together with forward Want to know more about how to reduce the commission? telegram: btcethcool We have set up a community dedicated to researching trading, add telegram friends to pull you into the community.

1. You can think of an equity pledge as a less resource intensive alternative to mining. This option involves placing holdings into cryptocurrency wallets to provide security and operational support for the blockchain network. Simply put, equity pledging is the act of locking up cryptocurrencies for rewards. (1) What is a Pledge of Interest A pledge of interest is a process by which holders of a particular token can receive a reward. Pledges of interest originate from a proof-of-interest mechanism used in distributed blockchain networks, where blockchain miners can mine or validate block transactions against their token holdings. The more tokens they hold, the greater their mining capacity. The rewards of pledging of interest are shared between users who hold cryptocurrencies, and those who grant voting rights to the pledged pool of interest. The more validations delegated to the Pledge of Stake eat, the higher the chances of being selected to generate the next block, and the more rewards received. (2) What is a Proof of Stake (PoS)? If you're familiar with how Bitcoin works, you're probably familiar with Proof of Work (PoW). Transactions can be collected into blocks through this mechanism. These blocks are then linked together to create a blockchain. Specifically, miners compete to solve complex mathematical puzzles, and whoever solves the puzzle first is entitled to add the next block to the blockchain. Proof of workload has proven to be a very powerful mechanism to facilitate consensus in a decentralised way. The problem is that this mechanism involves a lot of arbitrary computation. Miners are scrambling to solve the puzzle just to maintain network security and nothing else. Some may argue that, in and of itself, this over-computation is also unquestionable. At this point, you may be wondering: is there any other way to maintain a decentralised consensus without the higher computational costs? Look no further than proof-of-stake. The main idea is that participants can lock in tokens (their "pledged interest") and at certain intervals the protocol will randomly assign rights to one of them for verification of the next block. Typically, the probability of being selected is proportional to the number of tokens: the more tokens locked up, the better the chances. In this way, the factor that determines which participants create blocks is not based on their ability to solve hash challenges, as is the case with workload proofs, but rather on the number of pledged tokens they hold in equity. Some may argue that producing blocks through pledges of interest can improve the scalability of the blockchain. This is one of the reasons why the Ethernet network is proposing to migrate from proof-of-work to proof-of-stake in a set of technical upgrades collectively known as ETH 2.0. (3) Who created proof-of-stake In 2012, Sunny King and Scott Nadal first introduced the concept of proof of equity and pledge of equity. They described Peercoin as an innovative PoS cryptocurrency. It was initially based on a hybrid PoW/PoS mechanism, but gradually weakened proof-of-work (PoW) in later stages. This allows users to mine and back projects without having to rely entirely on proof of stake in the early stages. In 2014, Daniel Larimer developed the so-called Delegated Proof of Stake (DPoS) mechanism. It was initially used as part of the Bitshares network, but the same model was subsequently adopted by other cryptocurrencies. Notably, Larimer also created Steem and EOS, which also use the same DPoS model. DPoS supports users to use their account balances as votes for electing a certain number of representatives in the blockchain network. The elected representatives would then manage the operation of the blockchain on behalf of their constituents, ensuring network security and maintaining consensus. In addition, token holders can pledge their tokens and thus receive regular interest income. The DPoS model aims to reduce confirmation wait times and increase the throughput of the network (i.e., the model can execute more transactions per second). The main reason for this advantage is that the DPoS model can use a smaller number of validation nodes to achieve consensus. On the other hand, if users are dependent on a selected set of nodes, this can lead to a less decentralised blockchain network. (4) How pledges of interest work As we have previously explored, proof-of-work blockchains rely on mining to add new blocks to the blockchain. In contrast, proof-of-stake chains produce and validate new blocks through a pledge-of-interest process. Pledging of interests involves locking in the tokens of certain validators so that the protocol can randomly select them to create a block at a specific interval of time. Typically, participants with a higher number of pledges are more likely to be selected as the next block validators. This allows blocks to be produced without relying on dedicated mining hardware. While dedicated IC mining requires a significant investment in hardware, pledging of interests requires a direct investment in the cryptocurrency itself. Therefore, rather than competing for the next block through computational work, proof-of-stake verifiers are selected based on the number of tokens they have pledged. The "pledged interest" (tokens held) is an incentive for verifiers to maintain the security of the network. If they do not, the entire amount of tokens they pledge may be at risk Each proof-of-interest blockchain has a specific pledge-of-interest currency, and some networks use a dual-token system where a second token is used to pay out rewards. On a very practical level, a pledge of interest simply means that the funds are placed in the right wallet. In basic terms, this allows anyone to perform various network functions in exchange for equity pledge rewards. This also includes adding funds to the pledge pool, which we'll get to shortly. (5) Equity pledge risk " Security is paramount! "And, the most important and easiest thing to do to protect your assets is to create double protection for the account and the email used to sign up for that account , use only verified software (if you are not familiar with the site - be sure to read the reviews on the internet) and most importantly - do not share personal information with third parties. If users protect their wallets and accounts properly, there are no significant risks associated with using cryptocurrencies. The biggest risk relates to price fluctuations, which can damage your wallet if the power runs out. Many cryptocurrencies set limits on the number of coins in a wallet . In such cases, users are combined into "pools" and subsequently share the proceeds, which creates additional difficulties for traders. The risk of centralisation is very high when the majority of assets are in the hands of large players. A similar situation is most likely to occur with 'young' cryptocurrencies that are traded at relatively low prices. Due to the fact that users tend to keep coins for as long as possible to maximise possible profits, there is often a significant risk of reduced cryptocurrency turnover. For users who rely on third party services, the trust factor is always important. It is well known that the risk is always much higher when trusting strangers on the internet than when working independently.

2. The content introduced above is only about the basics of cryptocurrency, which is related to whether we can make money through cryptocurrency. Cryptocurrencies make money not only by scientific methods to increase income, but also by finding ways to save money. The handling fees are small, but they must not be ignored. I have calculated that with frequent transactions and long trading hours, the accumulation of fees can add up to more than 10,000 U a year. Next I will introduce a few common ways to reduce fees on large trading platforms. (1) Lowering Binance's fees Binance is currently the world's largest digital currency exchange, and you must sign up for Binance if you want to speculate on coins. The transaction fee is deducted from the assets received. For example, if you buy Ethereum/USDT, the fee is paid in Ethereum. If you sell Ethereum/USDT, the commission is paid in USDT. Example. You place an order for 10Ethereum at a price of USD3,452.55 per share. Transaction fee = 10Ethereum0.1% = 0.01Ethereum Or you place an order to sell 10Ethereum at 3,452.55 USDT per share. Transaction fee = (10Ethereum3,452.55USDT)*0.1% = 34.5255USDT What many people do not know is that the Binance transaction fee can also be reduced. If you want to reduce your Binance trading fees, you must register using the invitation link below or use the invitation code "Q022W7SC". https://accounts.binance.com/en/register?ref=Q022W7SC

(2) Reducing OKX fees OKX is a professional digital currency trading platform loved by many users, and its transaction fees can be reduced. Depending on the volume of transactions, OKX divides its users into two levels: normal and professional. Ordinary users are graded according to their OKB positions, while professional users are graded according to their trading volume and asset size. The different tiers determine the trading fees for the next trading day. When calculating the fee levels, if the coin trading volume, total trading volume of delivery and perpetual contracts (USDT delivery contract, coin-based delivery contract, USDT perpetual contract, coin-based perpetual contract), option contract trading volume, and asset volume meet the conditions of different fee levels, users will enjoy the fee discount of the highest level. First method: OKX has an official maximum saving of 20%. Use the link below to register with OKX and save 20% on fees. https://www.ouyi.business/join/BTC1ETH Second method: Open the OKX website and enter "BTC1ETH" in the "Invitation Code" on the registration page to see the cashback percentage: 20% at the bottom. Be sure to enter this invitation code, otherwise you can not get 20% cashback percentage. (3) Reduce FTX fees FTX is currently a very fast-growing, contract players more exchange, you must register FTX if you play the contract. if you want to reduce the FTX transaction fees, you must use the following invitation link to register. https://ftx.com/referrals#a=121031692 3, trading road is long, together with forward Want to know more about how to reduce the commission? telegram: btcethcool We have set up a community dedicated to researching trading, add telegram friends to pull you into the community.