简单地说，NFT 艺术品是创建独特的代币来绑定艺术品，要么将艺术品链接到代币，要么将艺术品与其 NFT 一起存储在区块链上。
NFT 艺术品主要分为两类：可繁殖的艺术品和不可繁殖的艺术品。不可复制的艺术品是由人类创造的。可繁殖艺术品使用代币的唯一 ID 作为“内核”来确定 NFT 的外观和特征。
NFT 背后的艺术品以三种不同的方式存储：
存储在与 NFT 相同的区块链上
存储在另一条链上或使用分散存储
存储在私有或集中式服务器上
以上三种存储机制会给你的 NFT 带来不同的风险。如果你的 NFT 和它背后的艺术品没有存储在同一条链上，那么两者之间的链接可能会被破坏，从而使你的 NFT 变得一文不值。
最后，虽然一些区块链目前消耗大量能源，但正在采取行动以有计划的方式节约能源和减少排放。
什么是 NFT？这是什么意思？
NFT 是具有唯一标识符 (ID) 的令牌。就普通的加密代币而言，同类代币无法相互区分，因此被“同质化”（每个代币都是平等的，就像现金一样）。NFT（不可替代代币）是可识别且唯一的，这意味着每个 NFT 本质上是不同的。
Each NFT has its own ID and is therefore non-homogeneous (not identical to each other) -
You can understand NFT as a token with special properties that allows you to create unique digital assets.
The concept of NFTs imparts digital scarcity to unique and traceable products. In this context, scarcity refers to limited (and controllable) supply. Whether 1 or 100 NFTs are created, each NFT has its own unique ID.
Since NFTs are unique and scarce digital products, you can bind anything to an NFT. There are many important application scenarios for NFTs. Let's look at a few potential use cases:
Supply chain management (e.g., tracking vaccines from production through distribution networks to clinics or hospitals)
Unique redeemable tickets (eg concert tickets, lotteries, access tokens, etc.)
Medals and non-tradable assets (e.g., proof of attendance, military training certificates, identification on a platform, etc.)
NFT Artwork Type
NFT artworks are mainly divided into two categories: breedable artworks and non-breedable artworks.
Non-reproducible artwork is what we usually understand as artwork, that is, paintings created by human artists and uploaded to the blockchain and bound to NFTs. Most of the NFT artwork we see is non-reproducible. The main examples are:
Beeple | recently sold an NFT painting for a whopping $69 million, setting a new NFT auction record.
Most of the NFTs on trading platforms like OpenSea are non-reproducible artworks, so go check them out!
Breedable artwork is created through an algorithm that uses the NFT's unique ID as a "kernel" to generate the artwork. Each fertile artwork is unique and tied to only one NFT. Of course, fertile artwork also requires the artist to create various "fragments" in advance to feed the algorithm, and tell the algorithm how to piece these fragments together into a complete work. There have been many success stories in the field of fertile art:
Crypto Kitties | NFT Breedable Cats | DNA is stored on-chain, images are stored off-chain on centralized private servers
Axie | NFT breedable Pokemon games | DNA is stored on-chain, images are stored off-chain but third-party access is supported
AutoGlyphs | NFT Breedable Artwork | Stored and Generated On-Chain
ChainFaces | NFT Reproducible Artwork | Stored and Generated On-Chain
HashMasks | NFT Propagable Artwork | Seeds (DNA) are stored on-chain, images are generated on-chain and stored in a decentralized manner
Some NFTs also allow artists to collect royalties. That is, each sale of these NFTs can bring its creators income, not just the first sale.
Where is the artwork behind the NFT stored?
After creating a unique NFT, how do we bind the artwork to the NFT?
NFT tokens have their own IDs that can be linked to digital artwork and even real-world assets -
There are multiple ways to do this. It's a bit of a hassle, but it's important to understand how to prevent scams, NFT tokens that cannot be held for long periods of time, and poor/sloppy project design.
While it is possible for the code (smart contracts) to be hacked, this is an unavoidable problem for any decentralized application built on the blockchain. This risk exists no matter how we store art.
Store artwork on the same chain
The first way we're going to discuss how to bind artwork to NFTs is to store artwork on the same chain as the NFT. This is the safest way and can effectively guarantee the long-term existence of NFTs.
This means that even if the project party goes bankrupt and the website shuts down, your artwork is still safely stored on the blockchain.
The safest NFT storage mechanism is to store artwork on the same blockchain as the NFT -
Example:
AutoGlyphs | NFT Breedable Artwork | Stored and Generated On-Chain
ChainFaces | NFT Reproducible Artwork | Stored and Generated On-Chain
Store artwork on another chain or use decentralized storage
You can also store artwork on a different chain than NFTs or use a decentralized storage mechanism (e.g. IPFS, Arweave, etc.).
Store your NFT tokens and artwork on different chains or use decentralized storage -
When your artwork is stored on another chain or in a decentralized way, there are a few things that will affect the risk of your NFTs:
How to handle links?
There are many projects that offer hosting services for links between artwork and NFTs. However, this also means that once the project side stops operating, the link between your NFT and the artwork will be broken, causing your NFT to become worthless.
Where is the artwork stored?
并非所有的存储方法都会产生相同的效果。如果您所有的 NFT 艺术品都存储在 IPFS 上，那么必须有人“固定”艺术品。如果 NFT 创建者不再“固定”艺术品，艺术品就会消失，即使链接仍然有效。
例子：
哈希掩码 | NFT 可以复制艺术品 | 内核存储在链上，图像在链上生成，采用去中心化存储方式
尽管如此，上述存储方式在安全性方面仍远优于以下几种存储方式...
将艺术品存储在集中存储中
集中式存储是我们最常用的存储方式，例如在 AWS（亚马逊云服务）或私有服务器上。这种存储方式意味着一旦 NFT 创作者停止托管 NFT 艺术品，买家手中的 NFT 就变得一文不值。
Your NFT is stored on the chain, but the corresponding artwork is neither stored on the chain nor in a decentralized storage method, but is stored by the company or team that issued the NFT -
在这种情况下，您的 NFT 处于高风险中：
如果发行人停止存储您的 NFT 艺术品，您的 NFT 将变得毫无价值。
如果存储机制出错，你的 NFT 就变得一文不值。
例子：
加密小猫 | NFT 可繁殖猫 | 种子（DNA）存储在链上，图像在链下生成并存储在集中式私人服务器上
轴 | NFT 可繁殖口袋妖怪游戏 | 种子（DNA）存储在链上，图像存储在链下，但支持第三方访问。
我们需要关心什么吗？
购买 NFT 时，需要注意以下几点：
交易平台合法吗？
市场上有许多 NFT 交易平台。在 OpenSea 等大型平台和许多用户上有许多 NFT 出售。如果您不确定某个交易平台是否值得信赖，您可以通过关键字搜索相关信息，例如“交易平台名称+骗局”、“交易平台名称+偷了我的钱”。
是原创作品吗？
有时，狡猾的骗子可能会撕掉别人的艺术品并为其创建 NFT，然后声称 NFT 艺术品是他们的。这种情况比较难识别，但也不是不可能。您需要执行以下操作：
右键单击 NFT 的图像并复制。
将该图像粘贴到 Google 搜索栏中。
与图像关联的第一个链接（忽略广告）可能是原始链接。
如果此链接是您看到的 NFT 的链接，那太好了！这意味着你看到的 NFT 是原创的。如果不是，它是 80% 盗版。
还有一种情况是，如果整个项目发布到另一个链上，一个 NFT 可以被复制。在这种情况下，原始的 NFT 一般存储在以太坊上。
NFT 艺术品是优质投资吗？还是一场大赌？”
除了您愿意赔钱之外，切勿将钱投入任何加密货币。从长远来看，大多数 NFT 不具有价值，您必须在购买 NFT 之前意识到这一点。
最后的思考：您如何看待区块链的能源消耗？
以太坊（绝大多数 NFT 都是在其上创建的）即将获得重大更新，这将大大降低以太坊的能源消耗。
虽然以太坊的能源消耗问题很严重，但经常被夸大，并被用作“FUD（Fear, Uncertainty and Doubt, Fear, Uncertainty and Doubt）”的短语来吓跑想要进入区块链行业的新人。特此声明，每个区块链项目各有千秋，并不是所有的区块链都能达到比特币这种小国的能源消耗。