原文：【谋攻第三】

[注：]

①：[车贲]。

②：“温”字“氵”旁换“车”旁。

译文：【谋攻第三】

孙子说：战争的原则是：使敌人举国降服是上策，用武力击破敌国就次一等；使敌人全军降服是上策，击败敌军就次一等；使敌人全旅降服是上策，击破敌旅就次一等；使敌人全卒降服是上策，击破敌卒就次一等；使敌人全伍降服是上策，击破敌伍就次一等。

所以，百战百胜，算不上是最高明的；不通过交战就降服全体敌人，才是最高明的。所以，上等的军事行动是用谋略挫败敌方的战略意图或战争行为，其次就是用外交战胜敌人，再次是用武力击败敌军，最下之策是攻打敌人的城池。攻城，是不得已而为之，是没有办法的办法。制造大盾牌和四轮车，准备攻城的所有器具，起码得三个月。堆筑攻城的土山，起码又得三个月。如果将领难以拟制焦躁情绪，命令士兵象蚂蚁一样爬墙攻城，尽管士兵死伤三分之一，而城池却依然没有攻下，这就是攻城带来的灾难。所以善用兵者，不通过打仗就使敌人屈服，不通过攻城就使敌城投降，摧毁敌国不需长期作战，一定要用“全胜”的策略争胜于天下，从而既不使国力兵力受挫，又获得了全面胜利的利益。这就是谋攻的方法。

所以，在实际作战中运用的原则是：我十倍于敌，就实施围歼，五倍于敌就实施进攻，两倍于敌就要努力战胜敌军，势均力敌则设法分散各个击破之。兵力弱于敌人，就避免作战。所以，弱小的一方若死拼固守，那就会成为强大敌人的俘虏。

将帅，国家之辅助也。辅助之谋缜密周详，则国家必然强大，辅助之谋疏漏失当，则国家必然衰弱。所以，国君对军队的危害有三种：不知道军队不可以前进而下令前进，不知道军队不可以后退而下令后退，这叫做束缚军队；不知道军队的战守之事、内部事务而同理三军之政，将士们会无所适从；不知道军队战略战术的权宜变化，却干预军队的指挥，将士就会疑虑。军队既无所适从，又疑虑重重，诸侯就会趁机兴兵作难。这就是自乱其军，坐失胜机。

所以，预见胜利有五个方面：能准确判断仗能打或不能打的，胜；知道根据敌我双方兵力的多少采取对策者，胜；全国上下，全军上下，意愿一致、同心协力的，胜；以有充分准备来对付毫无准备的，胜；主将精通军事、精于权变，君主又不加干预的，胜。以上就是预见胜利的方法。所以说：了解敌方也了解自己，每一次战斗都不会有危险；不了解对方但了解自己，胜负的机率各半；既不了解对方又不了解自己，每战必败。

Translation: [attack the third]

Sun Tzu said: The principle of war is: It is the best policy to subdue the entire enemy, defeating the enemy by force is the next best; subduing the entire enemy army is the best policy, defeating the enemy army is the best policy; subduing the entire enemy brigade is the best policy, defeating the enemy is the best policy Brigades are the next best; subduing all the enemy troops is the best policy, defeating the enemy troops is the next best; subduing the enemy's troops is the best policy, defeating the enemy troops is the second best.

Therefore, winning a hundred battles is not the most brilliant; conquering all the enemies without fighting is the most brilliant. Therefore, the best military action is to defeat the enemy's strategic intentions or war behavior with tactics, the second is to defeat the enemy with diplomacy, the third is to defeat the enemy's army by force, and the lowest strategy is to attack the enemy's city. Siege is a last resort, there is no way. It takes at least three months to manufacture large shields and four-wheeled vehicles, and prepare all the equipment for siege. It will take at least another three months to build up the mountains of earth to attack the city. If the general cannot control his anxiety and order his soldiers to climb the wall like ants to attack the city, even though one-third of the soldiers are killed or injured, the city is still not captured. This is the disaster brought about by the siege. Therefore, those who make good use of the military will make the enemy submit without fighting, make the enemy city surrender without sieging the city, and destroy the enemy country without long-term battle. , and gained the benefits of an overall victory. This is the method of conspiracy.

Therefore, the principle applied in actual combat is: if I am ten times the enemy, I will encircle and destroy it; if I am five times the enemy, I will attack; if I am twice the enemy, I must strive to defeat the enemy; If your troops are weaker than the enemy, avoid fighting. Therefore, if the weaker party fights hard, it will become the prisoner of the powerful enemy.

A general, an assistant to the state. If the strategy of assistance is meticulous and careful, the country will be strong, and if the strategy of assistance is neglected, the country will inevitably weaken. Therefore, there are three kinds of harm the monarch can do to the army: he orders the army to advance without knowing that the army cannot advance, and orders the army to retreat without knowing that the army cannot retreat. , the soldiers will be at a loss; they do not know the expedient changes in the army's strategy and tactics, but intervene in the command of the army, and the soldiers will be doubtful. When the army is at a loss, and has many doubts, the princes will take the opportunity to raise troops to make trouble. This is self-disturbance of the army, and lost the chance of victory.

Therefore, there are five aspects to foreseeing victory: those who can accurately judge whether a battle can or cannot be fought, win; those who know how to take countermeasures according to the strength of the enemy and both sides, win; those who have the same will and concerted effort in the whole country and the whole army will win. ; To be fully prepared to deal with the unprepared, victorious; to be proficient in military affairs, skilled in contingency, the monarch does not interfere, victorious. This is how to foresee victory. Therefore, it is said: Knowing the enemy and knowing yourself, every battle will not be in danger; if you do not know the opponent but know yourself, the chances of winning or losing are half and half; if you do not know neither the other nor yourself, you will lose every battle.