原文：【作战第二】

[注：]

①：“忌”加“艹”头。

译文：【作战第二】

孙子说：要兴兵作战，需做的物资准备有，轻车千辆，重车千辆，全副武装的士兵十万，并向千里之外运送粮食。那么前后方的军内外开支，招待使节、策士的用度，用于武器维修的胶漆等材料费用，保养战车、甲胄的支出等，每天要消耗千金。按照这样的标准准备之后，十万大军才可出发上战场。

因此，军队作战就要求速胜，如果拖的很久则军队必然疲惫，挫失锐气。一旦攻城，则兵力将耗尽，长期在外作战还必然导致国家财用不足。如果军队因久战疲惫不堪，锐气受挫，军事实力耗尽，国内物资枯竭，其他诸侯必定趁火打劫。这样，即使足智多谋之士也无良策来挽救危亡了。所以，在实际作战中，只听说将领缺少高招难以速胜，却没有见过指挥高明巧于持久作战的。战争旷日持久而有利于国家的事，从来没有过。所以，不能详尽地了解用兵的害处，就不能全面地了解用兵的益处。

善于用兵的人，不用再次征集兵员，不用多次运送军粮。武器装备由国内供应，从敌人那里设法夺取粮食，这样军队的粮草就可以充足了。国家之所以因作战而贫困，是由于军队远征，不得不进行长途运输。长途运输必然导致百姓贫穷。驻军附近处物价必然飞涨，物价飞涨，必然导致物资枯竭，物财枯竭，赋税和劳役必然加重。在战场上，军力耗尽，在国内财源枯竭，百姓私家财产损耗十分之七。公家的财产，由于车辆破损，马匹疲惫，盔甲、弓箭、矛戟、盾牌、牛车的损失，而耗去十分之六。所以明智的将军，一定要在敌国解决粮草，从敌国搞到一钟的粮食，就相当于从本国启运时的二十钟，在当地取得饲料一石，相当于从本国启运时的二十石。所以，要使士兵拼死杀敌，就必须怒之，激励之。要使士兵勇于夺取敌方的军需物资，就必须以缴获的财物作奖赏。所以，在车战中，抢夺十辆车以上的，就奖赏最先抢得战车的。而夺得的战车，要立即换上我方的旗帜，把抢得的战车编入我方车队。要善待俘虏，使他们有归顺之心。这就是战胜敌人而使自己越发强大的方法。.所以，作战最重要、最有利的是速胜，最不宜的是旷日持久。真正懂得用兵之道、深知用兵利害的将帅，掌握着民众的的生死，主宰着国家的安危。

Translation: [Battle Second]

Sun Tzu said: To start an army, you need to prepare a thousand light vehicles, a thousand heavy vehicles, 100,000 fully-armed soldiers, and deliver food thousands of miles away. Then the front and rear military expenses, the expenses of entertaining envoys and strategists, the expenses of materials such as glue and paint used for weapon maintenance, the expenses of maintaining chariots and armors, etc., consume thousands of gold every day. Only after preparing according to this standard can an army of 100,000 set out on the battlefield.

Therefore, the army requires quick victory in battle, and if it is dragged on for a long time, the army will inevitably become exhausted and lose its spirit. Once the city is attacked, the troops will be exhausted, and the long-term battle outside the country will inevitably lead to insufficient financial resources of the country. If the army is exhausted from the long battle, its spirit is frustrated, its military strength is exhausted, and its domestic materials are exhausted, other princes will surely take advantage of the fire. In this way, even resourceful people have no good plan to save the peril. Therefore, in actual combat, I have only heard that generals lacking great skills are difficult to win quickly, but I have never seen a commander who is clever and skillful in long-term combat. There has never been a protracted war that is beneficial to the country. Therefore, without a detailed understanding of the harms of military use, it is impossible to fully understand the benefits of military use.

Those who are good at using troops do not need to recruit troops again, and do not need to transport rations many times. Arms and equipment are supplied domestically, and food is sought from the enemy so that the army can be plentiful. The reason why the country was impoverished by the war was that the army had to travel long distances because of the expedition. Long-distance transportation inevitably leads to poverty among the people. The price of goods near the garrison will inevitably soar, and the soaring prices will inevitably lead to the depletion of materials, the exhaustion of materials and wealth, and the increase of taxes and labor. On the battlefield, the military is exhausted, the financial resources at home are exhausted, and the private property of the people is depleted by seven-tenths. Six-tenths of the public property was consumed due to the damage of vehicles, exhaustion of horses, loss of armor, bows and arrows, spears, shields, and bullock carts. Therefore, a wise general must solve the food and grass in the enemy country. One hour of food from the enemy country is equivalent to twenty minutes when it is shipped from the country, and one stone of fodder in the local area is equivalent to twenty stone when it is shipped from the country. Therefore, in order to make soldiers desperate to kill the enemy, they must be angry and motivated. To make the soldiers brave to seize the enemy's munitions and supplies, they must be rewarded with the seized property. Therefore, in a chariot battle, the one who grabs more than ten chariots will be rewarded for the first to grab the chariot. The chariots that are captured must be immediately changed to our flag, and the captured chariots must be incorporated into our team. Be kind to the captives, so that they have a heart of surrender. This is the way to defeat the enemy and make yourself stronger. Therefore, the most important and beneficial thing in combat is to win quickly, and the least suitable thing is to be protracted. A general who really knows how to use soldiers and knows the benefits and benefits of using them controls the life and death of the people and dominates the safety of the country.