IntroductionWe often don't know how bad a decision by a major group like a country, company, city, or club is until after it has happened. Before such a decision was made, there were probably people who knew a lot about what it would mean and had good reasons not to agree with it. But these experts weren't enticed enough to share their knowledge with people who were making decisions for the right reasons, and non-experts weren't persuaded that these decisions are bad. Most impo...