Espresso is the foundational interoperability layer for Ethereum, offering fast confirmations for cross-chain transactions. And now it is opening up for anyone to participate in running the network. Last Friday, April 25, 2025, Espresso Systems, a core contributor to the Espresso community, along with 22 node operators successfully upgraded Decaf, the Espresso Network’s long-running testnet, to a permissionless version of HotShot proof-of-stake consensus. This upgrade marks a major milestone ...