ModularityBlockchain technology is undergoing a significant shift - transitioning from the monolithic model, where a single blockchain handles all functions including execution, consensus, settling, and data availability (as seen in Ethereum), to a modular design. This paradigm envisions a plug-and-play architecture, where each component of the blockchain stack is outsourced to a marketplace of third-party providers, enabling different blockchains to combine distinct elements for various func...

ModularityBlockchain technology is undergoing a significant shift - transitioning from the monolithic model, where a single blockchain handles all functions including execution, consensus, settling, and data availability (as seen in Ethereum), to a modular design. This paradigm envisions a plug-and-play architecture, where each component of the blockchain stack is outsourced to a marketplace of third-party providers, enabling different blockchains to combine distinct elements for various func...

As the number of blockchains and applications grows, the siloed nature of these networks poses challenges for communication and collaboration. To address this issue, various protocols and architectures have been developed to facilitate inter-chain communication, enabling the transfer of assets, data, and messages between different blockchains. While bridges came up as the first pieces of cross-chain infrastructure, they revealed issues and limitations that led to massive hacks and funds losse...

As the number of blockchains and applications grows, the siloed nature of these networks poses challenges for communication and collaboration. To address this issue, various protocols and architectures have been developed to facilitate inter-chain communication, enabling the transfer of assets, data, and messages between different blockchains. While bridges came up as the first pieces of cross-chain infrastructure, they revealed issues and limitations that led to massive hacks and funds losse...

Antimatter is one of the most fascinating and mysterious phenomena in nature. It consists of particles with the same mass but opposite charge and spin as their normal counterparts. When matter and antimatter meet, they annihilate each other in a burst of energy. For a long time, physicists wondered whether antimatter followed the same fundamental forces and laws of physics that rule our world. For example, would antimatter react to gravity and fall downwards like normal matter, or would it de...

Antimatter is one of the most fascinating and mysterious phenomena in nature. It consists of particles with the same mass but opposite charge and spin as their normal counterparts. When matter and antimatter meet, they annihilate each other in a burst of energy. For a long time, physicists wondered whether antimatter followed the same fundamental forces and laws of physics that rule our world. For example, would antimatter react to gravity and fall downwards like normal matter, or would it de...

ZK rollups, also called validity rollups, are a revolutionary way to scale Ethereum by allowing transactions to be processed off-chain and consolidated onto the main chain in a single, compressed transaction. This process increases transaction throughput and reduces fees while preserving the security and decentralization of the main chain. One of the standout features of zk rollups is their utilization of zero-knowledge proofs (ZKPs), a type of cryptographic proof that enables one party (the ...

ZK rollups, also called validity rollups, are a revolutionary way to scale Ethereum by allowing transactions to be processed off-chain and consolidated onto the main chain in a single, compressed transaction. This process increases transaction throughput and reduces fees while preserving the security and decentralization of the main chain. One of the standout features of zk rollups is their utilization of zero-knowledge proofs (ZKPs), a type of cryptographic proof that enables one party (the ...

A recent district court ruling stated that, in most instances, XRP is not a security. Specifically, XRP is not a security when traded on exchanges or when used to pay employees (defined as ‘programmatic retail sale’) but becomes one when sold directly to hedge funds, market makers, and other investors (which qualifies as an ‘institutional sale’). This judgment provides a bit of clarity on the application of the securities regime to crypto tokens and hopefully opens doors for crypto projects a...

A recent district court ruling stated that, in most instances, XRP is not a security. Specifically, XRP is not a security when traded on exchanges or when used to pay employees (defined as ‘programmatic retail sale’) but becomes one when sold directly to hedge funds, market makers, and other investors (which qualifies as an ‘institutional sale’). This judgment provides a bit of clarity on the application of the securities regime to crypto tokens and hopefully opens doors for crypto projects a...

In a world that thrives on innovation, blockchain and cryptocurrencies have emerged as revolutionary technologies with the potential to reshape the finance landscape and how we interact with money. At their core, these technologies offer a decentralized, permissionless, and transparent approach to finance, allowing peer-to-peer transactions without intermediaries and free from the shackles of central authorities. It's a vision that has captured the imagination of tech enthusiasts, libert...

In a world that thrives on innovation, blockchain and cryptocurrencies have emerged as revolutionary technologies with the potential to reshape the finance landscape and how we interact with money. At their core, these technologies offer a decentralized, permissionless, and transparent approach to finance, allowing peer-to-peer transactions without intermediaries and free from the shackles of central authorities. It's a vision that has captured the imagination of tech enthusiasts, libert...

The Internet has transformed the way we communicate, access information, and engage with others and the digital world. However, a few social and content platforms have emerged as dominant gatekeepers, accumulating and monopolizing large user bases and data silos. This situation is required to sustain the prevailing business model that relies on monetizing user data through advertising. This model, in turn, was brought about by the lack of a native value transfer mechanism on the Internet, a c...

The Internet has transformed the way we communicate, access information, and engage with others and the digital world. However, a few social and content platforms have emerged as dominant gatekeepers, accumulating and monopolizing large user bases and data silos. This situation is required to sustain the prevailing business model that relies on monetizing user data through advertising. This model, in turn, was brought about by the lack of a native value transfer mechanism on the Internet, a c...

Setting Up The StageIn a previous article, I discussed the relationship between the crypto industry and modern state institutions, exploring the possibility of preserving crypto's core values without threatening established states’ prerogatives like the monopoly over the monetary system and the military. A narrow yet viable route to reconcile these conflicting requirements is conceivable, and it may be facilitated by certain crucial infrastructure components, with zero-knowledge proofs s...

Setting Up The StageIn a previous article, I discussed the relationship between the crypto industry and modern state institutions, exploring the possibility of preserving crypto's core values without threatening established states’ prerogatives like the monopoly over the monetary system and the military. A narrow yet viable route to reconcile these conflicting requirements is conceivable, and it may be facilitated by certain crucial infrastructure components, with zero-knowledge proofs s...

On July 30th, the second largest decentralized exchange (DEX) Curve Finance, which boasts a total value locked (TVL) of over $2 billion, fell victim to a hack for over $70 million, mitigated to approximately $50 million thanks to white hackers and MEV searchers. Attackers perpetrated a re-entrancy attack exploiting a vulnerability in Vyper, a third-party programming language for Ethereum smart contracts used by a few Curve pools. While the incident's resolution is still ongoing and poten...

On July 30th, the second largest decentralized exchange (DEX) Curve Finance, which boasts a total value locked (TVL) of over $2 billion, fell victim to a hack for over $70 million, mitigated to approximately $50 million thanks to white hackers and MEV searchers. Attackers perpetrated a re-entrancy attack exploiting a vulnerability in Vyper, a third-party programming language for Ethereum smart contracts used by a few Curve pools. While the incident's resolution is still ongoing and poten...