Today's study is 『Weridnomics』 by 佐藤雅彦 san and 管俊一 san's book.
Once upon a time, there lived an Alice aged 3.
A bird asked Alice :
” I'm having trouble with squirrels that keep messing with my house :( “
Alice replied : “ I feel you. They love to do it somehow :( But don’t worry, I can tell you the secret way, well, ―――――”
The next day, the bird told the squirrels :
“ Hey!!, oh no no no need to run, come here :)
I'll give you $walnuts every time from now on.”
Squirrels are excited!
The next next day :
”oh you mess up, here are your $walnuts.”
The next next next day :
”oh you mess up, here are your $walnuts.”
The next next next next day:
”oh you mess up, here are your $walnuts.”
But the day, the bird said suddenly :
” I won't give you $walnuts after today. “
Squirrels get very angry!
What do you think happened after that?
The next next next next next day : Squirrel did nothing.
Squirrel said : ”If I mess up and get nothing, no motivation then.”
At first, the squirrels were messing up for their own enjoyment, but while they were getting their $walnuts, the purpose of messing up was soon replaced by getting a reward.
As a result, rewards inhibited motivation.
This phenomenon of losing motivation due to being given a reward (extrinsic motivation) for an action that one liked to do (intrinsic motivation) is called the "undermining effect," a term meaning "to destroy or undermine the foundation."
「 The human beings are such weird indeed 」
.
Alice is shopping today. The store sells a lot of nice flowers, so fragrant.
The shopkeeper said : ”Hey girl, if you show this ticket you get 10% off ;) “ Alice bought 2 flowers.
The next store sells a lot of delicious cookies, looks yummy.
The shopkeeper said : ”Hai girl, if you show this ticket your cookie will be 90% of that price ;) “ Alice left the store without buying anything.
On the way home, Alice is thinking : ” The 10% price off flowers looked very attractive, but the cookies that cost 90% of the price seemed normal .. ”
When Alice back home, her sister is distressed. She was told by her teacher that there is a 20% possibility that she will fail her next exam.
Alice said : ” wow, that's an amazing 80% pass rate! You'll be absolutely fine! “
Her sister passed the exam and Alice gave her flowers to celebrate :)
Alice was able to cheer up her sister by turning negative information about a 20% failure rate into positive information about an 80% pass rate.
This phenomenon, in which the same information can give different impressions when phrased in different ways, is called the framing effect.
Because we tend to make intuitive judgments based solely on what is in front of us, we may change our impressions depending on how they are presented, not realizing that they are actually the same.
「 The human beings are such weird indeed 」
.
One hot summer day, Alice went to the library and felt very cool.
Looked at the temperature then it was 24 degrees.
Alice read the book very comfortably.
One cold winter day, Alice went to the library and felt very warm. Looked at the temperature then it was 24 degrees.
Alice read the book very comfortably.
Then noticed déjà vu.
” I feel like I've had this happen before…… “
Yes, you may realize that Alice’s sensory perception depends on the outside temperature.
After reading the book, Alice went home.
She seems to be unhappy with the dinner's onigiri.
Let's cast a spell on her.
（ …… a … ali … Alice ….. this is your heart's voice …. listen carefully …. imagine ….. if you are in training and haven't been home in years .… the only food is clouds …. at first it was bearable .. but after a month .. you are exhausted …. NOW, what if this onigiri appears at such a time ….? … imagine …………….. from your heart's voice )( smol voice )
Alice's eyes looking at the onigiri are heart-shaped! Compared to the imaginary food in training, the onigiri seemed very attractive. She ate it in no time with a smile.
Alice felt the exact opposite with the same room temperature by comparing it to the outside temperature. Also, comparing the dinner to imaginary food changed her appreciation of the dinner itself, and she was able to eat it well.
Thus, when we evaluate something, we tend to determine its value based on relative comparison to a reference state, rather than on its absolute value.
the value of the same item can completely change as the reference point changes.
「 The human beings are such weird indeed 」
.
Special Thanks :
佐藤雅彦先生、管俊一先生、高橋秀明先生、 とてもおもしろい本だったので英語に翻訳しました！ ありがとうございました。