“Quantum computing” is computation performed using a computing device based on the strange, counter-intuitive physical properties of matter at very small scale, known as quantum mechanics. Unlike a classical computer based on transistors that encodes data in binary digits (or “bits”) that can only be a “1” or a “0” (think “on” or “off), a quantum computer uses “qubits” where a single qubit is able to encode more than two states. (Technically, each qubit can store a superposition of multiple s...