Share Dialog
Share Dialog
Subscribe to web3writer
Subscribe to web3writer
In isolation, humans are peculiar; as a collective, we are prolific. Our brains have evolved incredible capacities to synthesise multi-modal information. But it is not what we do as individuals that set us apart in the animal kingdom – it is what we do together.
Through most of human history, achievement has been limited by independent and individual cognition. Natural brains have natural biases, biologically evolved quirks, and limited memory. Knowledge died with individuals. Somewhere along the evolutionary line, we learnt to harness creativity in community. In the past thousands to hundreds of years, we have developed technologies that connect brains (past and present), enabling prodigious knowledge creation and storage. With these tools, each generation pushes the frontier, and hits save. Modern technologies append and amplify human potential for the individual and the collective – fostering unbounded potential for creativity, industry, and wellbeing. The secret to our success is a collective brain: an ability to learn, share, store, and create knowledge together.
There have been key step changes in the transformation to a collective culture. An important phase shift occurred when people developed (and ecology allowed) agriculture roughly 10,000 years ago. People settled, abandoning their nomadic ways. This lead to building collectives where people stored physical things across generations, including knowledge. More complex living required new types of accounting and organisation, and the advent of writing (roughly 5000 years ago) facilitated further instruction-giving across lands and time. With seeds sown in open societies past, literacy exploded in the 1500s – propagated by the Protestant Church – pulling people around the world into the knowledge hub. The printing press accelerated the word, not just of God, but of scholars and free thinkers. Globalising empires spread modern practices. New languages of science and mathematics broadened our ability to abstract and explain. After mini-enlightenments in times of Confucius China, Classical Athens and the Islamic Golden Age, European culture cracked open Pandora’s box. Modern science became an exponentiating engine for ever-better explanations. Paradigm-shifting discoveries about the natural world lead to new technologies. Medicines extended lifespans. Ships and planes and pipes connected the world in trade and travel. Electricity supercharged communication (and collaboration): powering telegrams, computers, and then, most significantly, a world wide web of servers and signals.
Our collective brain has grown in fits and starts. Roughly, 100 billion people have walked this Earth – most of their thoughts and theories are lost forever. Knowledge recorded with fidelity is something quite new, only centuries old. After the writing age, we capture our ideas in digital ink, and we’re rapidly uploading the entirety of human knowledge to internet storage, that is increasingly decentralised and permanent. Remote peoples and regions of the world are now connected online. A child born today has access to knowledge unimaginable to the great thinkers of history. The collective brain is constantly adding connections, growing as new cultures engage. If our individual brains are incredible, our collective brain is miraculous.
In isolation, humans are peculiar; as a collective, we are prolific. Our brains have evolved incredible capacities to synthesise multi-modal information. But it is not what we do as individuals that set us apart in the animal kingdom – it is what we do together.
Through most of human history, achievement has been limited by independent and individual cognition. Natural brains have natural biases, biologically evolved quirks, and limited memory. Knowledge died with individuals. Somewhere along the evolutionary line, we learnt to harness creativity in community. In the past thousands to hundreds of years, we have developed technologies that connect brains (past and present), enabling prodigious knowledge creation and storage. With these tools, each generation pushes the frontier, and hits save. Modern technologies append and amplify human potential for the individual and the collective – fostering unbounded potential for creativity, industry, and wellbeing. The secret to our success is a collective brain: an ability to learn, share, store, and create knowledge together.
There have been key step changes in the transformation to a collective culture. An important phase shift occurred when people developed (and ecology allowed) agriculture roughly 10,000 years ago. People settled, abandoning their nomadic ways. This lead to building collectives where people stored physical things across generations, including knowledge. More complex living required new types of accounting and organisation, and the advent of writing (roughly 5000 years ago) facilitated further instruction-giving across lands and time. With seeds sown in open societies past, literacy exploded in the 1500s – propagated by the Protestant Church – pulling people around the world into the knowledge hub. The printing press accelerated the word, not just of God, but of scholars and free thinkers. Globalising empires spread modern practices. New languages of science and mathematics broadened our ability to abstract and explain. After mini-enlightenments in times of Confucius China, Classical Athens and the Islamic Golden Age, European culture cracked open Pandora’s box. Modern science became an exponentiating engine for ever-better explanations. Paradigm-shifting discoveries about the natural world lead to new technologies. Medicines extended lifespans. Ships and planes and pipes connected the world in trade and travel. Electricity supercharged communication (and collaboration): powering telegrams, computers, and then, most significantly, a world wide web of servers and signals.
Our collective brain has grown in fits and starts. Roughly, 100 billion people have walked this Earth – most of their thoughts and theories are lost forever. Knowledge recorded with fidelity is something quite new, only centuries old. After the writing age, we capture our ideas in digital ink, and we’re rapidly uploading the entirety of human knowledge to internet storage, that is increasingly decentralised and permanent. Remote peoples and regions of the world are now connected online. A child born today has access to knowledge unimaginable to the great thinkers of history. The collective brain is constantly adding connections, growing as new cultures engage. If our individual brains are incredible, our collective brain is miraculous.
i. From then to now
In hunter-gatherer times, the gamut of human culture was found in independent tribal bands. We lacked lasting means of storing, sharing and creating knowledge. Historical storing capacities and practices pale in comparison with our abilities today. Word-of-mouth is fickle, local, and limited in the complexity of abstraction that can be shared. A web of stories spreads weakly, fading over time, susceptible to alteration and impermanence. It is this spatio-temporal problem of physical knowledge that new technologies address. In new and iterative processes, we create, record, and share knowledge. The better the copy and the transmission, the more knowledge grows (and the collective brain expands).
Culture is transmitted human information. Historically, culture was spread with forms of language: mainly spoken. In the last few decades of the 20th century, we discovered we could store information with greater variety and fidelity. We moved from sound-and-sign languages to writing to digital storage with decentralised error-correction. Compare a video to a written account – the video saves sound, image, as well as content. And we might still do better, the cultural content loaded into the human record continues to improve. Media spreads when it strikes chords of our psychology. All sensory inputs can be manipulated and recorded once we understand the brain-perception interface. Virtual reality explores this field. 3D visualisation is improving. Olfactory and somatic inputs are being explored. Youtube instructional videos combine recording and graphical overlays. So we can create experiences with real footage and appended animation. We create surreal hyper-realities.
ii. Information all the way down
The collective brain is a dynamic system of information flow: a living societal record connecting people and history. Information is a catch-all term. In physics, Boltzmann’s information is the very configuration of matter. In communication engineering, Shannon’s information is about a message. Today, the collective brain grows exponentially with signal (the useful) and noise (distraction), from science to social media. Primarily, we have matter (the physical), and then, on Earth, life developed (the biological), and now life has evolved the capacity for its own expression, in humans (the artificial). The collective brain is artificial (human-made), constrained only by the laws of physics and biology.
To understand knowledge, we must consider the more fundamental quantity of information. Information crystallisation (a record) has three requirements: (1) Available free energy to allow pattern or structure, (2) solid matter conditions to preserve information structures, and (3) computation – innate physical processes that create new structure. Applying this to the human brain, we take in energy (primarily through food), we crystallise neuronal pathways in our brain tissue (we learn and remember), and the wild processes of neurochemical activity constitute computation (we create). Information with computation begets more information. As things become more complex (without ecological interruption), resultant complexity provides the fuel for yet more novelty. Human knowledge is the pinnacle of all information as we know it. We build on what has come before. Culture is cumulative. Knowledge is cumulative.
It is this cumulative and exponential growth of knowledge that moved physicist David Deutsch to write his book ‘The Beginning of Infinity’. He explains that anything not limited by the laws of nature is possible, but with the right knowledge. We have seemingly limitless frontiers. Deutsch advocated an infectious optimism about the abilities of our collective brain. His ‘Principle of Optimism’ states that all evil is caused by insufficient knowledge’. Deutsch channels Karl Popper in his view that problems are inevitable, and adds that problems are soluble. Progress is not inevitable, but our collective brain powers progress with better and better explanations. We have seen a sustained period of progress. For our collective knowledge to improve things, growth is not enough. We need a tradition of criticism and error-correction: bad explanations (just like bad leaders) cannot become entrenched. We need an open society, which lauds creativity (in art, literature, science and technology) and believes better is possible when we tackle an unknowable future.
Recombination powers our creative output. The more ideas that exist in the public consciousness, the more potential we have to rework old into new. The collective brain is ecologically-efficient in that it recycles the most precious of things: ideas. With a swelling collective brain, we improve our explanations and technological possibilities. And progress in explanations enrich our social project, expanding our moral sphere, endowing us with the abilities to live longer or better or differently. If we are not taking advantage of new knowledge to lead better lives, it is a flaw in our natures, not the fault of the knowledge available. Indeed, the knowledge we now have about brains, behaviour, psychology, and society offers us a lens for greater self-understanding.
iii. Distributed Knowledge
With a collective brain, the shackles of individual brains are overcome. Biological limits in cognition disappear at the group level. What can be made explicit can be documented, shared, and expanded. As we connect, we unite disparate brains, allowing the benefits of the collective to be shared and accessed by all. But crucially, we empower local regions of the global collective to push specific frontiers, unburdened by irrelevant (yet accessible) knowledge.
Pivotal advances in standardisation underpin our ability to co-ordinate and decentralise knowledge. Shared specifications and universal standards are the lock and keys opening channels in the collective brain. Before standards, we wasted a great deal of effort and time to fit transmitted knowledge, products, and the sharing of capital. Reformations in standardisations include the metric system (and various other consistent forms of measurement), common ‘hub’ languages (English is most prominent in business and science), shipping containers (which lead to staggeringly large decreases in the cost of transport), and in the making of electronics (like USB ports which greatly assisted the easy flow of electronic knowledge across platforms).
Distributed but connected knowledge is key to the story of our rapid economic rise. Copper is mined in Chile, electronics are assembled in South Korea. Separate functions in the production line are decentralised, optimising the flow of geo-social capital. Cesar Hidalgo, in his book, ‘Why Information Grows’ (which introduces ideas that I reference throughout this post), talks about products of information. Our economies and knowledge-stores, are the crystallisation of imagination. In harnessing the efficiency of distributed knowledge, we created new-found potential for large-scale creation. Just like no one knows how to make a jumbo jet alone, no one has the full-set of recorded knowledge in their brain. We are all part-custodians of the global knowledge store. Some knowledge now exists only in record. We have set up a production line of ideas and products into the future.
With each passing year we add unimaginably large amounts of data to the knowledge pool. Google precipitated this information tide: the great uploading. The Alphabet empire is built on Search. It is easy to forget what an important function the search algorithm has become. In seconds you can find highly pertinent digital information on any topic. Companies like Google catalogue the knowledge project. Without search, knowledge is inaccessible, and practically useless. Today, the ability to find facts/skills/people/places with a few touches on a screen in your pocket is taken for granted, but it shouldn’t be.
Of course, the growth of the collective brain is biased by the builders of its infrastructure. The World Wide Web is a predominantly Western creation. But hopefully that is changing. The more diverse the knowledge store, the richer our research.
iv. Knowledge by People
The field of epistemology explores what we know, what we can know, how we can know it. Difficult questions arise when we interrogate such things, but to our credit, we seem to know quite a bit. Knowledge creation is a social thing. We share stories and explanations, we cluster in areas. Sociology has much to say about knowledge formation. While knowledge is being spread around the world, and access is increasing, the creation of knowledge is not evenly distributed. Social networks and geopolitical conditions ease or restrict the flow of knowledge.
In the human brain, all regions are not purposed for the same activities. Brain areas do specific things like body regulation, memory, language, etc. And different areas are far more dense and important than others. The collective brain is the same. Innovation aggregates in cities and firms, pulling the free thinkers of the world to certain regions: Silicon Valley and Beijing build new technologies, Boston is a nexus of universities and ideas, London and New York co-ordinate global economies. Labour conditions and transportation geography create hubs of manufacturing. Natural beauty forms tourist hubs. The flow of people precedes the flow of knowledge. Social networks dictate the ease of finding collaborators and new questions. Our social natures push us together, new ideas follow.
If we look at the world around us, it is humbling to admit how little of your surroundings you would be able to recreate. Even the prosaic: the food in your fridge, the fridge itself, the computer upon which you are reading this; the collective brain enables all of it. It is the unique and human capacity for knowledge creation that built this collective brain. Without growth in explanatory knowledge, the collective brain atrophies, and withers. In a process that is picking up steam, we stand on knowledge created and stored by those before, and we are using the products and scripts of crystallised imagination to look for more.
v. Wiring individual brains with the web
Online educator Tiago Forte talks about using the internet to develop a second brain. Online tools can source, sort, rank, and store useful information. This means taking advantage of the ever-present screens around us. The internet is a tool, without intention – we use it with the best and worst (and lack of) intentions. Much of our engagement is dictated by dopamine, and base drivers like an inherent need for social engagement. In retrospect, the rise of social media was inevitable. The web now offers a virtual home: a place to meet others; and store memories, personal views, and maddeningly, half-baked political opinions. But we can pick our groups very specifically. The voices we find online can reinforce or temper one another, creating echo chambers or productive discussion. We might choose better when we understand how algorithms encourage viral content, typecaste people into online avatars, and encourage longer visits with ‘feeds’. Feed: like a pig at the trough. A mindless intelligence drives web traffic that optimises for ad revenue over productive engagement. The internet is a tool, an exponentiation technology, not necessarily a force for good.
The miracle of the internet has given us a poisoned chalice, a paradox of abundance, truth among misconception – without good filters. Our collective brain is now accessible to so many, but it is so vast and seductive, most will fail to take advantage. Learning opportunities are practically limitless. At any point in time you can learn a new language, develop a new career, build something via step-by-step tutorial, or discover elements of any culture past or present. But we are limited by time, desire, imagination, motivation, interest, and our ability to use the internet productively.
Internet literacy will be the differentiating skillset of the 21st century. Economist Tyler Cowen coined the phrase ‘The Age of the Infovore’. In this information-rich time, it is eat or be eaten. Information curation is no longer nice-to-have, we need guiding principles through misinformation and distraction. Growth mindsets, life-time learning, routine upskilling separate knowledge-makers from knowledge-takers. Learning is experiential, and social. We tackle the collective brain by understanding how our cognition processes information best. Large tracks of our neural circuitry are purposed for body regulation, perception, emotions, relations, to name a few. But there is much land to cultivate with new ideas. In ‘The WEIRDest People in the World’, cultural evolutionary theorist Joseph Henrich explains how learning to read literally changes the brain: thickening our corpus callosum (the brains information high-way), and increases memory retention and analytic ability. It is still too early to say how the internet is changing developing-brains, but it surely is. With focus, we can repurpose live-wire brains with any type of knowledge imaginable.
The collective brain is vast and amorphous. It is the internet that controls communication, it is the cultures that surrounds us, it is the products that flow around the world, it is all of human knowledge. Since the scientific revolution, this collective cultural brain has been expanding at rates unprecedented. Slowing the progress of science, culture and technology is not an option, the horse is out of the stable – harnessing it to thrive is every human’s greatest challenge.
i. From then to now
In hunter-gatherer times, the gamut of human culture was found in independent tribal bands. We lacked lasting means of storing, sharing and creating knowledge. Historical storing capacities and practices pale in comparison with our abilities today. Word-of-mouth is fickle, local, and limited in the complexity of abstraction that can be shared. A web of stories spreads weakly, fading over time, susceptible to alteration and impermanence. It is this spatio-temporal problem of physical knowledge that new technologies address. In new and iterative processes, we create, record, and share knowledge. The better the copy and the transmission, the more knowledge grows (and the collective brain expands).
Culture is transmitted human information. Historically, culture was spread with forms of language: mainly spoken. In the last few decades of the 20th century, we discovered we could store information with greater variety and fidelity. We moved from sound-and-sign languages to writing to digital storage with decentralised error-correction. Compare a video to a written account – the video saves sound, image, as well as content. And we might still do better, the cultural content loaded into the human record continues to improve. Media spreads when it strikes chords of our psychology. All sensory inputs can be manipulated and recorded once we understand the brain-perception interface. Virtual reality explores this field. 3D visualisation is improving. Olfactory and somatic inputs are being explored. Youtube instructional videos combine recording and graphical overlays. So we can create experiences with real footage and appended animation. We create surreal hyper-realities.
ii. Information all the way down
The collective brain is a dynamic system of information flow: a living societal record connecting people and history. Information is a catch-all term. In physics, Boltzmann’s information is the very configuration of matter. In communication engineering, Shannon’s information is about a message. Today, the collective brain grows exponentially with signal (the useful) and noise (distraction), from science to social media. Primarily, we have matter (the physical), and then, on Earth, life developed (the biological), and now life has evolved the capacity for its own expression, in humans (the artificial). The collective brain is artificial (human-made), constrained only by the laws of physics and biology.
To understand knowledge, we must consider the more fundamental quantity of information. Information crystallisation (a record) has three requirements: (1) Available free energy to allow pattern or structure, (2) solid matter conditions to preserve information structures, and (3) computation – innate physical processes that create new structure. Applying this to the human brain, we take in energy (primarily through food), we crystallise neuronal pathways in our brain tissue (we learn and remember), and the wild processes of neurochemical activity constitute computation (we create). Information with computation begets more information. As things become more complex (without ecological interruption), resultant complexity provides the fuel for yet more novelty. Human knowledge is the pinnacle of all information as we know it. We build on what has come before. Culture is cumulative. Knowledge is cumulative.
It is this cumulative and exponential growth of knowledge that moved physicist David Deutsch to write his book ‘The Beginning of Infinity’. He explains that anything not limited by the laws of nature is possible, but with the right knowledge. We have seemingly limitless frontiers. Deutsch advocated an infectious optimism about the abilities of our collective brain. His ‘Principle of Optimism’ states that all evil is caused by insufficient knowledge’. Deutsch channels Karl Popper in his view that problems are inevitable, and adds that problems are soluble. Progress is not inevitable, but our collective brain powers progress with better and better explanations. We have seen a sustained period of progress. For our collective knowledge to improve things, growth is not enough. We need a tradition of criticism and error-correction: bad explanations (just like bad leaders) cannot become entrenched. We need an open society, which lauds creativity (in art, literature, science and technology) and believes better is possible when we tackle an unknowable future.
Recombination powers our creative output. The more ideas that exist in the public consciousness, the more potential we have to rework old into new. The collective brain is ecologically-efficient in that it recycles the most precious of things: ideas. With a swelling collective brain, we improve our explanations and technological possibilities. And progress in explanations enrich our social project, expanding our moral sphere, endowing us with the abilities to live longer or better or differently. If we are not taking advantage of new knowledge to lead better lives, it is a flaw in our natures, not the fault of the knowledge available. Indeed, the knowledge we now have about brains, behaviour, psychology, and society offers us a lens for greater self-understanding.
iii. Distributed Knowledge
With a collective brain, the shackles of individual brains are overcome. Biological limits in cognition disappear at the group level. What can be made explicit can be documented, shared, and expanded. As we connect, we unite disparate brains, allowing the benefits of the collective to be shared and accessed by all. But crucially, we empower local regions of the global collective to push specific frontiers, unburdened by irrelevant (yet accessible) knowledge.
Pivotal advances in standardisation underpin our ability to co-ordinate and decentralise knowledge. Shared specifications and universal standards are the lock and keys opening channels in the collective brain. Before standards, we wasted a great deal of effort and time to fit transmitted knowledge, products, and the sharing of capital. Reformations in standardisations include the metric system (and various other consistent forms of measurement), common ‘hub’ languages (English is most prominent in business and science), shipping containers (which lead to staggeringly large decreases in the cost of transport), and in the making of electronics (like USB ports which greatly assisted the easy flow of electronic knowledge across platforms).
Distributed but connected knowledge is key to the story of our rapid economic rise. Copper is mined in Chile, electronics are assembled in South Korea. Separate functions in the production line are decentralised, optimising the flow of geo-social capital. Cesar Hidalgo, in his book, ‘Why Information Grows’ (which introduces ideas that I reference throughout this post), talks about products of information. Our economies and knowledge-stores, are the crystallisation of imagination. In harnessing the efficiency of distributed knowledge, we created new-found potential for large-scale creation. Just like no one knows how to make a jumbo jet alone, no one has the full-set of recorded knowledge in their brain. We are all part-custodians of the global knowledge store. Some knowledge now exists only in record. We have set up a production line of ideas and products into the future.
With each passing year we add unimaginably large amounts of data to the knowledge pool. Google precipitated this information tide: the great uploading. The Alphabet empire is built on Search. It is easy to forget what an important function the search algorithm has become. In seconds you can find highly pertinent digital information on any topic. Companies like Google catalogue the knowledge project. Without search, knowledge is inaccessible, and practically useless. Today, the ability to find facts/skills/people/places with a few touches on a screen in your pocket is taken for granted, but it shouldn’t be.
Of course, the growth of the collective brain is biased by the builders of its infrastructure. The World Wide Web is a predominantly Western creation. But hopefully that is changing. The more diverse the knowledge store, the richer our research.
iv. Knowledge by People
The field of epistemology explores what we know, what we can know, how we can know it. Difficult questions arise when we interrogate such things, but to our credit, we seem to know quite a bit. Knowledge creation is a social thing. We share stories and explanations, we cluster in areas. Sociology has much to say about knowledge formation. While knowledge is being spread around the world, and access is increasing, the creation of knowledge is not evenly distributed. Social networks and geopolitical conditions ease or restrict the flow of knowledge.
In the human brain, all regions are not purposed for the same activities. Brain areas do specific things like body regulation, memory, language, etc. And different areas are far more dense and important than others. The collective brain is the same. Innovation aggregates in cities and firms, pulling the free thinkers of the world to certain regions: Silicon Valley and Beijing build new technologies, Boston is a nexus of universities and ideas, London and New York co-ordinate global economies. Labour conditions and transportation geography create hubs of manufacturing. Natural beauty forms tourist hubs. The flow of people precedes the flow of knowledge. Social networks dictate the ease of finding collaborators and new questions. Our social natures push us together, new ideas follow.
If we look at the world around us, it is humbling to admit how little of your surroundings you would be able to recreate. Even the prosaic: the food in your fridge, the fridge itself, the computer upon which you are reading this; the collective brain enables all of it. It is the unique and human capacity for knowledge creation that built this collective brain. Without growth in explanatory knowledge, the collective brain atrophies, and withers. In a process that is picking up steam, we stand on knowledge created and stored by those before, and we are using the products and scripts of crystallised imagination to look for more.
v. Wiring individual brains with the web
Online educator Tiago Forte talks about using the internet to develop a second brain. Online tools can source, sort, rank, and store useful information. This means taking advantage of the ever-present screens around us. The internet is a tool, without intention – we use it with the best and worst (and lack of) intentions. Much of our engagement is dictated by dopamine, and base drivers like an inherent need for social engagement. In retrospect, the rise of social media was inevitable. The web now offers a virtual home: a place to meet others; and store memories, personal views, and maddeningly, half-baked political opinions. But we can pick our groups very specifically. The voices we find online can reinforce or temper one another, creating echo chambers or productive discussion. We might choose better when we understand how algorithms encourage viral content, typecaste people into online avatars, and encourage longer visits with ‘feeds’. Feed: like a pig at the trough. A mindless intelligence drives web traffic that optimises for ad revenue over productive engagement. The internet is a tool, an exponentiation technology, not necessarily a force for good.
The miracle of the internet has given us a poisoned chalice, a paradox of abundance, truth among misconception – without good filters. Our collective brain is now accessible to so many, but it is so vast and seductive, most will fail to take advantage. Learning opportunities are practically limitless. At any point in time you can learn a new language, develop a new career, build something via step-by-step tutorial, or discover elements of any culture past or present. But we are limited by time, desire, imagination, motivation, interest, and our ability to use the internet productively.
Internet literacy will be the differentiating skillset of the 21st century. Economist Tyler Cowen coined the phrase ‘The Age of the Infovore’. In this information-rich time, it is eat or be eaten. Information curation is no longer nice-to-have, we need guiding principles through misinformation and distraction. Growth mindsets, life-time learning, routine upskilling separate knowledge-makers from knowledge-takers. Learning is experiential, and social. We tackle the collective brain by understanding how our cognition processes information best. Large tracks of our neural circuitry are purposed for body regulation, perception, emotions, relations, to name a few. But there is much land to cultivate with new ideas. In ‘The WEIRDest People in the World’, cultural evolutionary theorist Joseph Henrich explains how learning to read literally changes the brain: thickening our corpus callosum (the brains information high-way), and increases memory retention and analytic ability. It is still too early to say how the internet is changing developing-brains, but it surely is. With focus, we can repurpose live-wire brains with any type of knowledge imaginable.
The collective brain is vast and amorphous. It is the internet that controls communication, it is the cultures that surrounds us, it is the products that flow around the world, it is all of human knowledge. Since the scientific revolution, this collective cultural brain has been expanding at rates unprecedented. Slowing the progress of science, culture and technology is not an option, the horse is out of the stable – harnessing it to thrive is every human’s greatest challenge.
<100 subscribers
<100 subscribers
No activity yet