Tax authorities such as the IRS, ATO, CRA, HMRC, and others track cryptocurrency transactions and enforce tax compliance. Large cryptocurrency exchanges also cooperate with authorities.

Governments use data analytics tools such as Chainanalysis to pinpoint cryptocurrency users. With enough information, they can tie blockchain transactions from regulated cryptocurrency exchanges to personal crypto wallets. These analytics even include multiple layers removed from exchanges to combat tax evasion.

The IRS and other tax authorities also partner and share data with other governmental bodies, academic institutions, and international governments to share information about cryptocurrency usage.