Taproot Consensus is currently the most native and decentralized BTC Layer 2 (L2) solution. It is entirely based on Bitcoin's native technology, leveraging three core components: Schnorr Signature, MAST Contract, and SPV Node Network.

Schnorr Signature and MAST Contract were introduced in the 2021 Taproot upgrade. Schnorr Signature allows expanding Bitcoin's multi-signature addresses up to 1,000, ensuring efficiency, security, and privacy, unlike traditional elliptic curve signatures limited to 15 addresses. However, achieving address decentralization isn't enough; automation and intelligence in signatures are also required, which is where MAST Contract comes in.

MAST Contract (Merkle Abstract Syntax Tree Contract) encrypts complex locking scripts using Merkle trees, enabling smart contract functionality for multi-signature payments on Bitcoin. This automation eliminates the need for human signatures, relying instead on coded instructions.

The SPV Node Network, comprised of Bitcoin lightweight nodes, drives these coded instructions. This network can synchronize Bitcoin layer data and verify payments securely without complete transaction records, achieving true decentralization. This decentralized network consensus is crucial for issuing commands in a trustless manner, unlike traditional POS networks.

In summary, Taproot Consensus combines Schnorr Signature, MAST Contract, and SPV Node Network to create a fully decentralized Bitcoin L2 solution. The BEVM team pioneered this approach, achieving significant milestones such as cross-chain and hash lock operations. Following the 2021 Taproot upgrade, they integrated these technologies and launched the BEVM platform in 2023, making Taproot Consensus practical and deployable. BEVM plans to modularize this solution, allowing seamless deployment by any team, thereby enhancing the Bitcoin ecosystem.