I did some research on who’s leading AI in Europe’s automotive industry. The answer depends on what you mean by leading. Volkswagen leads on scale. 1,200+ AI applications live. €1 billion committed. AI is infrastructure, not a pilot. BMW leads on factory innovation. Only European OEM running humanoid robots in active production. Leipzig just launched. Mercedes leads on product. The new CLA runs NVIDIA’s full stack with Microsoft and Google AI built in. The car improves over time. Bosch and ZF doing the foundational work underneath all of it. Not a single winner. A three-way race, each strongest in a different dimension. Want to know more? Full breakdown in tomorrow’s podcast and newsletter. 😌