The concept of urbanised technologies (smart cities) is not new, and smart cities are not just a dream in the future. Intelligent technologies in the cities are rapidly expanding, and several stages of development have already been introduced based on interactions with society, governance and technology.Stages of smart cities development ➝ Stage 1.0 was characterised by top-down, technologically driven decision-making. ➝ Stage 2.0 represents a more bottom-up approach, with the demands of citi...